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Title: China and Pottery Marks

Author: Unknown

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CHINA
AND
POTTERY
MARKS

15 EAST 56th STREET
NEW YORK

[Pg 1]

Traditions and Old China

Copyright, 1920, Gilman Collamore & Company, Inc.

Traditions and Old China

From early days when the ancients showed their appreciation of fine pottery and old glassware by burying “these most esteemed possessions” with the dead, fine china has been synonymous with culture and breeding. With our ancestors for generations we share the tradition that, just as first editions give prestige to one’s book shelves, old china or the finest work of the modern kilns express readily that good taste and discrimination that is characteristic of our old families.

A wealth of association and historic data is to be acquired from the study of the “fabrique marks” and periods of the master craftsmen. If in America there was a general tendency toward acquiring, even a smattering, of this knowledge, there would be less of these drawing-room atrocities which Arthur Hayden in his “Chats on English Earthenware” points out, “To have a modern set of vases adorning a Georgian cabinet is like putting new wine in old bottles.”

[Pg 2]For the convenience of the seasoned collector, as well as the beginner, in this book is a representative list of better known marks by which china can be identified. While it is not possible to include a complete list, particularly those of extremely rare specimens, those compiled have particular reference to the marks of English china which is greatly in demand by collectors. These will suffice to enable the reader to identify pieces whenever encountered.

The signatures or mark which the master craftsmen in earth or clay signed their products, just as a painter signs his work, were often specially designed devices of various kinds, often a combination of initials and dates. Each “fabrique mark” stands for a certain potter’s art just as the modern trade-mark.

Beginning more than a half century ago in the old La Farge House in lower Broadway (where John La Farge was born) the house of Gilman Collamore and Company has done much to develop an appreciation of fine china in America. It was one of the first houses to bring over from England and France china, both modern and old, for its American clients. At this time many fine specimens of old china are on view as well as complete stocks from the modern English and Continental manufacture.

GILMAN COLLAMORE & COMPANY, Inc.
15 East 56th Street
New York

[Pg 3]

Germany and Austria

	DRESDEN
	MEISSEN. Established in 1709. Mark used to 1712, in blue. Hard paste.
	DRESDEN
	Mark used from 1712 to 1720, in blue. Hard paste.
	DRESDEN
	About 1720, mark in blue. Hard paste.
	DRESDEN
	1730, mark in blue. Hard paste.
	DRESDEN
	1796. MARCOLINI (Director) PERIOD. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	DRESDEN
	Royal pieces only. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
[Pg 4]	DRESDEN
	Present mark. This mark with two scratches across it shows imperfect pieces which may or may not have been decorated in the factory. Hard paste.
	VIENNA
	Established in 1718. This mark first used in 1744. Hard paste. Royal factory discontinued in 1864.
	BERLIN
	Established in 1751. Wegeleys’ mark. Hard paste.
	BERLIN
	In 1763 became a royal establishment. Mark in blue. Sometimes an eagle added.
	BERLIN
	Different kind of sceptre. In blue. Hard paste.
	BERLIN
	An extra mark used in 1830 with the sceptre, which is the present mark. This mark complete is never used except with perfect pieces decorated in the factory. Decorated pieces bearing the blue sceptre mark only are decorated outside of the factory.
[Pg 5]	HOCHST, near MAYENCE
	Founded in 1720. This mark, used about 1740, in gold, red, or blue. Hard paste.
	HOCHST, near MAYENCE
	Hard paste.
	FRANKENTHAL
	1755 to 1761. First period. Hard paste.
	FRANKENTHAL
	1799, second period. Carl Theodore. Hard paste.
	FRANKENTHAL
	Phillipp Hanong (Director). Hard paste.
[Pg 6]	FRANKENTHAL
	Joseph Adam Hanong (Director). Hard paste.
	FRANKENTHAL
	John Hanong (Director). Hard paste.
	FRANKENTHAL
	1800. Franz Bartolo (Director). Hard paste.
	NYMPHENBURG
	Established in 1747. Hard paste.
	NYMPHENBURG
	Hard paste.
[Pg 7]	NYMPHENBURG
	An early mark in blue. Hard paste.
	FURSTENBURG
	Established in 1750. Hard paste.
	FURSTENBURG
	1758. Hard paste.
	LUDWIGSBURG or KRONENBURG
	Established in 1758 to 1806. Hard paste.
	LUDWIGSBURG
	First period. Hard paste.
[Pg 8]	LUDWIGSBURG
	Second period. Hard paste.
	LUDWIGSBURG
	Hard paste. Mark in blue.
	FULDA
	Established in 1763 to 1780. Hard paste.
	FULDA
	Hard paste. The arms of Fulda.
	RUDOLSTADT
	Established in 1758. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	RAUENSTEIN
	Established in 1760. Hard paste.
	LIMBACH
	Established about 1761. Hard paste.
[Pg 9]	LIMBACH
	Another mark. Hard paste.
	LIMBACH
	Another mark. Hard paste.
	GROSBREITENBACH
	Established about 1770. Hard paste.
	GROSBREITENBACH
	Hard paste.
	VOLKSTEDT
	Established 1762. C. V. sometimes added with the arms. Hard paste.
	VOLKSTEDT
	Another mark. Hard paste.
	VOLKSTEDT
	Another mark. Hard paste.
[Pg 10]	ANSPACH
	Established about 1718. Hard paste.
	ANSPACH
	Generally accompanied by letter A. Hard paste.
	ANSPACH
	Hard paste.
	ANSPACH
	Hard paste.
	GOTHA
	Founded in 1780. Hard paste. Various marks.
[Pg 11]	GERA
	Established about 1780. Marks in blue. Hard paste.
	ALT HALDENSTEBEN
	The factory of M. Nathusins. Hard paste.
	CHARLOTTENBURG
	Established in 1790. Hard paste.
	BADEN-BADEN
	Established in 1753 to 1788. The edge of the ax in gold. Hard paste.
	COLOGNE
	Factory of M. L. Cremer. Enameled Fayence.
	POPPLESDORF, near BONN
	Fayence and porcelain.
	STRASBOURG
	Established about 1752. Hard paste.
[Pg 12]	NIDERVILLER
	Established in 1768. Hard paste.
	ELBOGEN in BOHEMIA
	Established in 1815. Hard paste.
	SCHLAKENWALD
	Established about 1800. Hard paste.
	LEHAMMER or PIRKENHAMMER, near CARLSBAD
	Founded in 1802. Hard paste.
	HEREND
	Established 1839.
	HEREND
	Another mark.

 [Pg 13]

Russia and Poland

	KORZEC
	Established about 1803. Hard paste.
	Moscow
	Established in 1787. Hard paste.
	ST. PETERSBURG
	Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	ST. PETERSBURG
	Mark of Empress Catherine II. 1762 to 1796. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	ST. PETERSBURG
	Monogram of Nicholas I. 1825 to 1855.
	ST. PETERSBURG
	Established 1744. Mark in blue.

Denmark

	COPENHAGEN
	Established in 1772. Mark in blue. Hard paste.

 [Pg 14]

Holland and Belgium

	AMSTERDAM
	Established in 1782. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	AMSTERDAM
	Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	AMSTERDAM
	Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	TOURNEY
	Mark in gold represents a potter’s kiln. Established in 1750. Soft paste.
	TOURNEY
	Mark in gold used after 1755. Soft paste.
	TOURNEY
	Used about 1755. Soft paste.
	HAGUE
	Factory established about 1775; ceased in 1785. Mark in gray. Hard paste.
[Pg 15]	DELFT
	Joost Thooft and Labouchere. Present mark Fayence.

Switzerland

	NYON
	Established in 1790. Hard paste.
	ZURICH
	Established about 1759. Mark in blue. Hard paste.

Italy and Spain

	NOVE
	1752. Mark in blue or red. Soft paste.
	VENICE
	Mark in red. Majolica.
	VENICE
	Soft paste.
	VENICE
	1720 to 1740. Soft paste. Mark in red.
[Pg 16]	VENICE
	Soft paste. Mark in red.
	TURIN
	Vineuf. Established about 1770. Dr. Gioanetti (Director). Soft paste.
	TURIN
	Vineuf. Another mark. Soft paste.
	DOCCIA
	Founded in 1735. Hard and soft paste.
	DOCCIA
	Hard and soft paste. Another mark.
GINORI.	DOCCIA
	Hard and soft paste. Another mark.
	CAPO DI MONTE
	Founded in 1736. This mark used from 1759. Factory abandoned in 1821. Soft paste.
	CAPO DI MONTE
	Mark used from 1759. Soft paste.
[Pg 17]	CAPO DI MONTE
	Soft paste. Other marks.
	MILAN
	Mark in blue. Fayence.
	MADRID
	BUEN RETIRO. Monogram of Charles III. Established in 1759 to 1812. Soft paste.
	MADRID
	Soft paste. Another mark.
	MADRID
	Mark in blue. First quality. Soft paste.
	MADRID
	Mark in blue. Soft paste.
[Pg 18]	MADRID
	Mark in blue. Mark under crown is another form of the monogram of Charles III., the founder.
	OPORTO
	Established about 1790. Hard paste. Mark in gold or colors.

 [Pg 19]

England

WEDGWOOD.	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Established in 1769. This mark both stamped and printed.
	STAFFORDSHIRE
	WEDGWOOD, present mark on decorated china.
TURNER.	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Established about 1756.
W. ADAMS.	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Established about 1780.
ROGERS.	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Imitations of WEDGWOOD.
WOOD and CALDWELL.	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Established in 1730.
	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Established 1790.
LONGPORT.	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Established in 1793 by Mr. John Davenport.
[Pg 20]	STAFFORDSHIRE
	STAFFORDSHIRE
	STAFFORDSHIRE
	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Established about 1770, by Josiah Spode.
	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Copeland successor of Spode in 1833.
	LIVERPOOL
	Established in 1750.
SADLER 1756.	LIVERPOOL
	Established in 1756.
	LIVERPOOL
	Established in 1790.
[Pg 21]HERCULANEUM POTTERY.	LIVERPOOL
	This mark was used from 1822 to 1833.
	PLYMOUTH
	Established 1760. William Cookworthy.
	YARMOUTH
	Absolon, only a decorator.
	SWANSEA
	Established 1790. This mark used about 1815.
	SWANSEA
	Mark in red.
NANTGARW.	WALES
	Established about 1813. Mark in red.
	LEEDS
	Hartley Greens & Co. Established about 1770.
[Pg 22]	BRISTOL
	Established about 1770, by Richard Champion.
	BRISTOL
	BRISTOL
	Ceased in 1777.
	BOW
	Established about 1730. Ceased in 1775.
	BOW
	BOW
	CHELSEA
	The oldest mark. About 1747.
	CHELSEA
	Mark in red.
	CHELSEA
	First quality mark in gold.
[Pg 23]	DERBY
	Established 1751. This mark used before 1769.
	DERBY-CHELSEA
	This mark in gold 1773.
	CROWN DERBY
	Mark in blue used about 1780.
	DERBY
	Mark used in 1830. Bloor (Director).
	DERBY
	Mark used in 1830. Bloor (Director).
	DERBY
	Mark used in 1860.
[Pg 24]	ROYAL CROWN DERBY
	Present mark.
	WORCESTER
	Established 1751. Oldest mark.
	WORCESTER
	Mark imitation of Dresden.
	WORCESTER
	Generally on Chinese patterns.
	WORCESTER
	About 1751.
	WORCESTER
	Used 1783 to 1788.
[Pg 25]	WORCESTER
	Used 1807 to 1813.
	WORCESTER
	Used 1857 to 1862.
	WORCESTER
	Present mark.
	CAUGHLEY. SHROPSHIRE
	Established about 1751.
	CAUGHLEY. SHROPSHIRE
	An early mark in blue.
	COALPORT
	Established between 1780 and 1790.
	COALPORT
	COALPORT
	Present mark.
	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Established in 1791 by Mr. Thomas Minton.
[Pg 26]	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Present mark.
	LAMBETH and BURSLEM
	Doulton & Co.
	STAFFORDSHIRE
	Brown-Westhead, Moore & Co.

 [Pg 27]

France

	ST. CLOUD
	Established about 1695. Factory destroyed by fire in 1773; not rebuilt. Soft paste.
	ST. CLOUD
	This mark used from 1730 to 1762. Either in blue or graved in ware. The letter T stands for Tron, the name of the director. Soft paste.
	CHANTILLY
	Established in 1735. Mark in blue or red. Soft paste.
	ARRAS
	Established in 1782. Mark in blue. Factory ceased in 1786. Soft paste.
	MENECY
	Established in 1735. This mark is usually impressed; sometimes traced in blue. Soft paste.
	ETIOLLES, near CORBEIL
	Established in 1768. Monnier, manufacturer. Soft paste.
[Pg 28]	BOURG LA REINE
	Established in 1773. Jacques & Jullien. Soft paste.
	SCEAUX-PENTHIEVRE, near PARIS
	Established in 1750 by Jacques Capelle. These letters are engraved on the soft clay.
	SCEAUX-PENTHIEVRE, near PARIS
	The latter mark in blue. This mark occurs more frequently on Fayence.
	CLINGNANCOURT
	Established in 1775 by Pierre Deruelle. Mark in blue. Soft and hard paste.
	CLINGNANCOURT
	Used on pieces of Chinese style. Mark in red. Hard paste.
	CLINGNANCOURT
	Mark of Monsieur Comte de Provence.
	ORLEANS
	Established in 1753 by M. Gerré. Hard and soft paste.
	ORLEANS
	This mark used from 1808 to 1871, in blue or gold.
[Pg 29]	SARREGUEMINES
	Soft paste.
	SARREGUEMINES
	Soft paste and Fayence.
	VINCENNES
	Soft paste. Established in 1786.
	VINCENNES
	Soft paste. Another mark.
	PARIS. RUE FONTAINE AU ROY
	Established in 1773 by Jean Baptiste Locré. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	PARIS. FAUBOURG ST. LAZARE
	Founded in 1773. Hard paste.
[Pg 30]	PARIS. FAUBOURG ST. ANTOINE
	Established in 1773. Morelle, manufacturer. Hard paste.
	PARIS. RUE DE LA ROQUETTE
	Established in 1773. Souroux, manufacturer. Hard paste.
	PARIS. GROS CAILLON
	Established in 1773 by Advenir Lamarre. Hard paste.
	PARIS. RUE DE CLICHY
	Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	FRANCE
	A mark found on biscuit groups. Factory unknown.
	PARIS. RUE THIROUX
	Established in 1778. André Marie Lebeuf, manufacturer. Under the protection of Marie Antoinette. Mark in red. Hard paste.
	PARIS. RUE DE BONDY
	Established in 1780. Dihl and Guerhard, manufacturers. Under the patronage of Duc d’Angoulême. Hard paste.
[Pg 31]	PARIS. RUE DE BONDY
	Another mark. Hard paste.
	PARIS. RUE DU FAUBOURG ST. DENIS
	Established in 1769. Under the protection of Charles Philippe Comte d’Artois, afterward Charles X. Factory discontinued in 1810.
	BELLEVILLE
	Established in 1790 by Jacob Petit. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
	PARIS. RUE DE BONDY
	Hard paste. Mark in blue.
	ROUEN
	Under the reign of Louis XV. Fayence.
	LILLE
	Established in 1784 by Leperre Durot. Mark in red. Hard paste.
[Pg 32]	PARIS
	M. Nast, manufacturer. Mark in red. Hard paste.
	PARIS
	Halley, manufacturer. First Empire mark in gold. Hard paste.
	NANCY
	Emile Gallé, manufacturer. Fayence and glass.

 [Pg 33]

Sevres

The Sevres Marks

FIRST ROYAL EPOCH 1745 to 1792 Vincennes. The letter A denotes the year 1753, continued to 1777. (Louis XV.) Sevres. Ornamented LL’s. Date 1764. Sevres. Date 1778. (Louis XVI). Double letters continued to 1793. FIRST REPUBLICAN EPOCH 1792 to 1804 [Pg 34] 1792 to 1799. 1801 to 1804. FIRST IMPERIAL EPOCH. 1804 TO 1814. Napoleon. 1804 to 1809. Napoleon. 1809 to 1814. SECOND ROYAL EPOCH. 1814 TO 1848. Louis XVIII 1814 to 1823. Charles X. 1824 to 1829. Charles X. 1829 and 1830. [Pg 35] Charles X. 1830. Louis Philippe. 1831 to 1834. Louis Philippe. 1834-1835. On services for the Palaces. Louis Philippe. 1845-1848. After 1848, this mark in green was used for white porcelain. SECOND REPUBLICAN EPOCH 1848 TO 1851. The S stands for Sèvres, and 51 for 1851. SECOND IMPERIAL EPOCH. 1852 TO 1872. [Pg 36] Napoleon III. From 1852. This mark used for white pieces; when scratched it denotes issue undecorated.
	The marks used at the present time.

Unknown Marks

 [Pg 37]

Chronological Table
Used in the Manufactory of Sevres

Year	IX		1801		T9
"	X		1802		X
"	XI		1803		11
"	XII		1804
"	XIII		1805
"	XIV		1806

From this date the year is expressed by the last two figures only.—thus, 18 for 1818, etc.,—up to the present time.

Footnote:

[1] This comet was sometimes substituted for the ordinary mark of the letter Q.

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