Mr. John Tutchin
Dy'd Septber 23d 1707. Aged 44.
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Title: Selected Poems
(1685-1700)
Author: John Tutchin
Editor: Spiro Peterson
Release Date: December 25, 2011 [EBook #38407]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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| GENERAL EDITORS |
| Earl R. Miner, University of California, Los Angeles |
| Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles |
| Lawrence Clark Powell, Wm. Andrews Clark Memorial Library |
| |
| ADVISORY EDITORS |
| John Butt, University of Edinburgh |
| James L. Clifford, Columbia University |
| Ralph Cohen, University of California, Los Angeles |
| Vinton A. Dearing, University of California, Los Angeles |
| Arthur Friedman, University of Chicago |
| Louis A. Landa, Princeton University |
| Samuel H. Monk, University of Minnesota |
| Everett T. Moore, University of California, Los Angeles |
| James Sutherland, University College, London |
| H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., University of California, Los Angeles |
| |
| CORRESPONDING SECRETARY |
| Edna C. Davis, Clark Memorial Library |
- i -
When John Tutchin died on September 23, 1707, he had already created the image of himself which Alexander Pope has transmitted to posterity. There, in Book II of The Dunciad (1728), the Whig journalist appears as one of two figures in a "shaggy Tap'stry":
Pope, in his variorum notes on the passage, identified Tutchin as the "author of some vile verses, and of a weekly paper call'd the Observator," and revived the fiction of his sentence "to be whipp'd thro' several towns in the west of England, upon which he petition'd King James II. to be hanged." The "invective" against James II's memory, which Pope mentions, has now been identified in the Twickenham Edition as The British Muse: or Tyranny Expos'd (1701).[1] By 1728, this was all the reputation that remained for Mr. John Tutchin, Gentleman—irascible journalist, pamphleteer, and writer of verses.
The truth of the matter is that Pope was no more accurate about Tutchin's being whipped than about Defoe's losing his ears. From the sparse reliable information concerning Tutchin's early years, one consistent pattern emerges: he tended to depict himself as a hero and a martyr. Born in 1661 "a Freeman" of London, he was brought up in a family of scholarly nonconformist ministers probably on the Isle of Wight[2]. Even though an enemy claimed that he had been expelled from a school at Stepney for stealing (DNB), he received some education and travelled on the continent. In defending his skill with languages against Defoe, he once told how at his school, boys translated and capped verses, and how he travelled "from Leivarden in Friezland, thro' Holland and the Spanish Flanders."[3] Throughout his life, he proudly designated himself a gentleman: during his trial for libel in late June of 1704, he even escaped punishment by setting forth that he was a gentleman, and not a laborer as the indictment read.
In later life, he romanticized himself when young as the hero who fought in the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion, received the brutal "whipping sentence" from Lord Chief-Justice Jeffreys during "the bloody assezes" of 1685, petitioned James II for "the Favour of being hang'd" - ii -to avoid the sentence, and finally freed himself by paying so burdensome a bribe that he was reduced to poverty. All these claims were first made in "The Case, Trial, and Sentence of Mr. John Tutchin, and Several Others, in Dorchester, in the County of Dorset," which Tutchin added to the fifth edition of The Western Martyrology; or, the Bloody Assizes, published in 1705. As J. G. Muddiman demonstrated in 1929, most of these claims are outright fabrications. Tutchin was never indicted for high treason, he could never have been challenged by Jeffreys to cap verses, and he invented the petition to be hanged.[4] In The Observator (July 25-29, 1702), he honestly admitted that he was never tried in Devonshire, but claimed he did buy his liberty of James II; and in a later issue (Aug. 4-7, 1703) he challenged an enemy: "if he Pleases to give the World an Account, When, Where, and for What I was Whip'd thro' a Market-Town, he will inform Mankind of more than I or any Body else knows...." John Dunton believed in the whipping sentence; and Defoe, the story of the petition to be hanged. Throughout Tutchin's stormy career, his enemies made political capital of the flogging that never took place. He was probably twenty-four years old when, using the alias "Thomas Pitts," he was tried at Dorchester for "Spreading false news and fined five marks and sentenced to be whipped"—but he came down with smallpox and so was not whipped.[5] Lord Macaulay, who is incorrect on the facts taken from The Western Martyrology, certainly exaggerated in stating that Tutchin's temper was "exasperated to madness by what he had undergone."[6] That the Monmouth adventure and its aftermath mark a turning point in the young man's life, however, cannot doubted.
Tutchin may have fought with William III's army in Ireland as an officer.[7] After the Glorious Revolution and the establishment of William and Mary on the throne, Tutchin devoted himself to a succession of liberal causes. On the one hand, he persisted in identifying himself with the former commonwealth, the Monmouth cause, the Revolution, the reform movement especially in the theater, and Whig liberty. He became noted for tactless exposés of high-level misconduct in his pamphlets and in The Observator (Apr. 1, 1702-Sept. 23, 1707). His detractors frequently paired him with Defoe as a monster or a villain. Again and again, he made himself obnoxious to important personages such as the Earl of Albemarle or the Duke of Marlborough.[8] On the other hand, his hatred for tyranny propelled him frequently into such extremes as his disgraceful complicity in William Fuller's impostures. In the years 1700-1704, he was generally reputed to be - iii -"Secretary to the abominal Society of King-Killers"—the secret Calves-Head Club made up of dissenters who met on January 30th, the anniversary of the death of Charles I, to sing prophane anthems.[9]
Dunton generously summed up the widely varied causes of "the loyal and ingenious Tutchin (alias Master Observator); the bold Asserter of English Liberties; the scourge of the High-flyers; the Seaman's Advocate; the Detector of the Victualling-office; the scorn and terror of Fools and Knaves; the Nation's Argus, and the Queen's faithful Subject."[10] Even his death in Queen's Bench Prison, on September 23, 1707, was romanticized into another instance of martyrdom. "... he liv'd and dy'd," announced the Country-man of The Observator, "for the Service of his Country." Tutchin's followers dramatized his death as the result of a politically-inspired thrashing which "six ruffians" administered to him, in revenge for slanderous remarks made in The Observator against Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Dilkes.[11] The "Pulchrum Est Pro Patria Mori" portrait, reprinted here as the frontispiece, was circulated to attest to Tutchin's political martyrdom. However, as the autopsy-report demonstrates and as Muddiman rightly concludes, "Tutchin really died from a specific disease and not from the thrashing undergone seven months before his death."[12]
The young man of twenty four who went off to join Monmouth's forces had already published, in 1685, Poems on Several Occasions. With a Pastoral. To Which is Added, A Discourse of Life. In the preface, writing like a fashionable man-about-town, Tutchin describes the lyrics, translations, and satires of this volume as "trifles" which he had let circulate and had now secured "by promising to Print them." The book shows the variety in poetic kinds that one would expect in a young writer who had been drinking deeply of Lord Rochester, Waller, Cowley, the Earl of Roscommon, Oldham, and Dryden. Juvenalian satires reminiscent of Oldham are neatly balanced by memorial verses to Oldham and Rochester, late metaphysical lyrics ("And why in red dost thou appear"), classical dialogues ("Cleopatra to Anthony"), translations of Horace, and the well-turned "autobiographical" couplets of "A Letter to A Friend." In its variety and themes, Poems on Several Occasions resembles Oldham's Works, which was published twice in 1684. Tutchin's "The Tory Catch," like Oldham's "A Dithyrambick. A Drunkard's Speech in a Mask," has a speaker who ironically brags of the social misconduct which the author satirizes. "A Letter to a Friend" is a skillfully exaggerated account of the attractions and dangers in rhyming. Although perhaps autobiographical in - iv -part, the poem also imitates the long-standing tradition derived from Horace's first Epistle of Book I, and revived most recently in Oldham's "A Letter from the Country to a Friend in Town."[13] Both "The Tory Catch" and "A Letter to a Friend" are reprinted here from Poems on Several Occasions.
Tutchin's first book shows two impulses: the awkwardly lyrical and the directly satiric. He feels compelled, in the Preface, to defend his choice of less serious subjects. His light poems do not, "in the least, detract from Virtue; since I have Read the Poems of Beza, Heinsius, our own Donne, &c." He promises to turn to "some Graver Subject." There are other equally significant comments in a Preface that reveals a great deal about changing literary taste. In "To the Memory of Mr. John Oldham," Tutchin curiously avoids the main subject of Dryden's finer elegy, namely, Oldham's achievement in rough satire. His praise is that "Crashaw and Cowley both did live in thee." However, in his "Satyr Against Vice" and "Satyr Against Whoring," Tutchin has already learned the art of declaiming, from the poet who has been called "the English Juvenal," John Oldham.
In the years between 1685 and 1707, Tutchin's separate poems were mainly occasional and satirical. Panegyric for William III dominates such an early piece as An Heroic Poem upon the Late Expedition of His Majesty (1689), and hatred for the Stuarts possesses a later poem like The British Muse: or Tyranny Expos'd (1701). In Civitas Militaris (1690) Tutchin engages in city politics. The elegy on the death of Queen Mary irritated Defoe enough to have "T——n" placed among the "Pindarick Legions" in The Pacificator (1700). Two poems, however,—The Earth-quake of Jamaica (1692) and Whitehall in Flames (1698)—differ from the others in that they are Cowleyan "Pindaricks" moralizing on disasters. The Earth-quake of Jamaica is reprinted here to illustrate Tutchin's descriptive talent. He starts with an actual event, the Jamaican disaster of June 7, 1692; and then, as the epigraph on the title page suggests, he presents a variation on Horace's rejection of "senseless Epicureanism," in Ode 34 of Book I. The Earth-quake of Jamaica may have been worked over longer than was customary. It was published shortly before December 10, the manuscript date on Narcissus Luttrell's copy now in the Houghton Library. Some six months earlier, in the late morning of June 7, the earthquake had erupted in Port Royal, the "boom" port on the south side of the island. In three schocks lasting less than three minutes, the famed capital of the buccaneers had fallen. News - v -of the disaster did not reach London until August 9. The earthquake then became one of the most widely discussed events. The London Gazette ran stories on it, scientists like Sir Hans Sloane published eye-witness accounts in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, the moralists declared God's wrath had come upon the wickedest place in Christendom, and "the actors of the drolls" in Southwark Fair even mockingly re-enacted the event until the Lord Mayor put a stop to the performances.[14]
If contemporary accounts of the Port Royal earthquake are compared with The Earth-quake of Jamaica, the reader becomes impressed by Tutchin's way of adapting the well-known details to a moral comment on life. His scenes are indeed graphic, but they do not have the immediacy of such eye-witness accounts as the following, preserved by Luttrell:
I cannot sufficiently represent the terrible circumstances that attended it; the earth swelled with a dismal humming noise, the houses fell, the earth opened in many places, the graves gave up some of their dead, the tomb stones ratled together; at last the earth sunk below the water, and the sea overwhelmed great numbers of people, whose shreiks and groanes made a lamentable eccho: the earth opened both behind and before me within 2 foot of my feet, and that place on which I stood trembled exceedingly; the water immediately boyled up upon the opening of the earth, but it pleased God to preserve me....[15]
Tutchin's aim is to compare vulnerable nature with vulnerable man: "Can humane Race / Stand on their / Legs when Nature Reels?" He sees in the disaster a challenge for English sinners to repent: the "Hurricane of Fate" wails on "murder'd Cornish." He had not yet forgotten the Monmouth adventure. For he alludes here to the act of Parliament passed in 1689 reversing the attainder of Henry Cornish, the alderman who had been brutally executed in 1685 for high treason through participating in the Rye House Plot and attaching himself to the Duke of Monmouth. For Tutchin, politics were always relevant.
Tutchin's true forte is not the descriptive poem, but satire. Poems published in the years 1696 to 1705—from A Pindarick Ode to - vi - The Tackers—exploit the satirical impulse that had been latent in Poems on Several Occasions. Increasingly he turns to general denunciation and thinly disguised lampoon. Of the two main Augustan traditions in satire—the "fine raillery" that Dryden perfected and the rough satire that reached back to Donne, Cleveland, and Oldham—Tutchin belongs to the latter. Defoe found him to be "so woundy touchy, and so willing to quarrel," and noted that "Want of Temper was his capital Error."[16] The specific circumstance that produced A Pindarick Ode, in the Praise of Folly and Knavery (1696), reprinted here, is generally said to be his dismissal from the victualling office because he failed to establish his case that the commissioners mismanaged public funds. Such corruption in the administration would soon transform a deep admiration for William III into the disenchantment of The Foreigners (1700). That Tutchin was uneasy in his effort to write satire in the mode of Dryden is suggested by his abandonment of irony after the first part of A Pindarick Ode. In his introductory verses, Benjamin Bridgwater accurately observes that Erasmus' Ironia no longer suffices:
Echoing Dryden's Mac Flecknoe, Tutchin invites Dullness and "Immortal Nonsence" to inspire his ironic praise of the folly and knavery that now ride roughshod over such traditional values as learning, love, wit, and patriotism. A few of the lines have the moving quality of Augustan satire at its best:
The irony of A Pindarick Ode does not adequately mask the denunciation. In Stanza X, it is even replaced by the antiquated Hero's diatribe against "our modern Knavish Arts"—never to return to the rest of the poem. Doubtless, the indictment of the "nefarious Brood at Home" that grows rich in wartime was the heart of the satire. Defoe hinted at this motive in the satirical vignette of Tutchin as Shamwhig, which appeared in the first edition of The True-Born Englishman (1700):
- vii -
Tutchin's satire would be henceforth the rough variety. In The Foreigners he would also resort to fierce lampoons of William III's court favorites.
In the rash of satires that followed The Foreigners and The True-Born Englishman, the anonymous author of The Fable of the Cuckoo (1701) pointed to the common tradition shared by both poems. For he attacked Defoe's "hatchet muse" as having been inspired by such "Modern Sharpers of the Town" as Tutchin and "Old[ha]m the Bell-weather of Tory Faction," who first horned Defoe's satire, "And ever since perverted all good Nature." Advertised in The Flying Post for July 31-Aug. 1, 1700, The Foreigners was published shortly thereafter by the ardent Whig Anne Baldwin. The "vile abhor'd Pamphlet, in very ill Verse, written by one Mr. Tutchin, and call'd The Foreigners"—Defoe recalled years later in An Appeal to Honour and Justice (1715)—filled him "with a kind of Rage." Tutchin's irascible temper had again taken hold. Scurrilously, he assailed foreigners in high office, especially William III's Dutch favorites, for their monopolizing preferments and usurping command, under such transparent aliases as "Bentir" for William Bentinck, first Earl of Portland, and "Keppech" for Arnold Joost van Keppel, first Earl of Albemarle. The manner was Dryden's in Absalom and Achitophel; the venom was Tutchin's own. Official reaction to The Foreigners came quickly. The untrustworthy William Fuller spread the gossip that Tutchin fled from his Majesty's messengers, and found refuge "in a blind Ale-house, at the Windmill, by Mr. Bowyers, at Camberwel." On August 10th, he was taken "into custody of a messenger"; and at the grand inquest for the city of London, held on August 28th, there was presented "a Poem called The Foreigners."[18] A mystery envelops the rest of the legal proceedings. There may even be some truth in the allegation that the parry would long since have "ruffled" Tutchin, except that he pleased them with his "railing at King William's Friends sometimes."[19] The Foreigners also aroused such ephemeral rejoinders as The Reverse: or, the Tables Turn'd and The Nations: An Answer to the Foreigners. - viii -both published in 1700. Finally, in January of 1701, there was published a satire of more lasting worth, Defoe's The True-Born Englishman. Side by side, in Poems on Affairs of State (1703), were reprinted The Foreigners and The True-Born Englishman among verses "Written by the Greatest Wits of this Age."[20] Altogether, the two satirists had three poems apiece in the volume. One of Tutchin's poems, "The Tribe of Levi" (1691), was anonymously reprinted; the other two, The Foreigners and The British Muse, were identified as "by Mr. T——n." These were the achievements of Tutchin's "hatchet muse."
The poems are reprinted from copies in libraries of the U.S. and Great Britain. I am obligated to The Houghton Library for Poems on Several Occasions and The Earth-quake of Jamaica, to Yale University Library for The Foreigners, and to the British Museum for A Pindarick Ode, in the Praise of Folly and Knavery. For permission to reproduce the "Pulchrum Est Pro Patria Mori" portrait of John Tutchin as the frontispiece, I wish to express my thanks to the Trustees of the British Museum.
Spiro Peterson
Miami University
Oxford, Ohio
- ix -
[1] The Dunciad, ed. James Sutherland (The Twickenham Edition, Methuen & Co., Ltd., 1943), pp. 115-18.
[2] Tutchin's birth-year is variously given. The Van der Gucht engraving and the authentic Elegy of Tutchin's death state that he died "Aged 44"; but the mock Elegy, falsely claiming to be "Written by the Author of the Review," gives his age to be 47. In The Observator (Oct. 20-23, 1703), Tutchin implied that he was "Born some years after the Restoration of King Charles the 2d." His certificate of marriage to Elizabeth Hicks on Sept. 30, 1686 places his age then at twenty-five, and supports the birth-year 1661, as given in the DNB. See also The Observator, May 17-20, 1704; July 8-12, 1704; and July 24-28, 1703. One of Tutchin's enemies charged that he was born in the north of England (An Account of the Birth, Education, Life and Conversation of ... the Observator, 1705); and another, that his father was "a Scot, canting Presbyterian Sot" (The Picture of the Observator, 1704).
[3] The Observator, June 2-6, 1705. Tutchin stated, in The Case, Trial, and Sentence, that Judge Jeffreys had "a true Account" of his activities in Holland. See J. G. Muddiman, ed., The Bloody Assizes (Toronto, [1929]), p. 137.
[4] Muddiman, pp. 136-37. The Case, Trial, and Sentence is reprinted as a true record in T. B. Howell's A Complete Collection of State Trials (London, 1812), XIV, 1195-200, but as a highly questionable document in Muddiman, pp. 137-46.
[5] Muddiman, p. 219.
[6] The History of England, ed. C. H. Firth (London, 1914), II, 639. Insofar as the DNB article on Tutchin relies on Macaulay, it is erroneous.
[7] Shortly after Tutchin's death, the Country-man of The Observator lauded his beloved master as "an Officer in the Army," and addressed him "Captain Tutchin," as did the mock Elegy and the friendly Dunton.
- x -
[8] Narcissus Luttrell, A Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs (Oxford, 1857), V, 257; Manuscripts of the Marquis of Bath (H.M.C., London, 1904), I, 105-06.
[9] The authorship of the Calves-Head anthems is assigned to Tutchin in The Reverse: or, the Tables Turn'd (1700), p. 7, and to both Tutchin and Benjamin Bridgwater in The Examination, Tryal, and Condemnation of Rebellion Observator (1703), p. 17. See also Howard William Troyer, Ned Ward of Grubstreet (Harvard University Press, 1946), pp. 110, 117.
[10] The Life and Errors of John Dunton (London, 1818), I, 356.
[11] See The Observator, Jan. 4-8, 1707, and "Postscript"; Jan. 12-15, 1707; and Sept. 20-24, 1707.
[12] Pp. 12-13. See also The Observator, Sept. 27-Oct. 1, 1707, and William Bragg Ewald, Rogues, Royalty, and Reporters (Boston, [1954]), p. 14.
[13] For the two Oldham pieces, see Poems of John Oldham, introd. Bonamy Dobrée (Southern Illinois University Press, [c. 1960]) pp. 50-54, 72-79.
[14] The Diary of John Evelyn, ed. E. S. de Beer, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1955), V, 115; Luttrell, II, 565; W. Adolphe Roberts, Jamaica: the Portrait of an Island (New York, [c. 1955]), pp. 44-45; and Mary Manning Carley, Jamaica: the Old and the New (London, [c. 1963]), pp. 34-36, 157-58.
[15] Luttrell's entry for Aug. 13, 1692 (II, 539).
[16] Review, IV (Sept. 7, 1706) and IV (Nov. 20, 1707).
[17] Defoe's gloss on "Piteous Satyr" is "Satyr in Praise of Folly and Knavery." (The True-Born Englishman, 1700, p. 37.) Since he regards this as the title of the "Satyr upon Honesty," Defoe may be confusing A Pindarick Ode with Tutchin's next satire, A Search after Honesty (1697).
- xi -
[18] Mr. William Fuller's Letter to Mr. John Tutchin (1703), p. 7; Luttrell, V, 676, 683; The Proceedings of the King's Commission of the Peace, and Oyer and Terminer and Goal Delivery of Newgate ... the 28th, 29th, 30th and 31st Days of August 1700.
[19] "A Dialogue between a Dissenter and the Observator," in A Collection of the Writings of the Author of the True-Born Englishman (1703), p. 227.
[20] II, 1-6, 7-46.
Mr. John Tutchin
Dy'd Septber 23d 1707. Aged 44.
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Your truest Friend,
J. T.
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1
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3
PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT
1948-1949
16. Nevil Payne, Fatal Jealousy (1673).
17. Nicholas Rowe, Some Account of the Life of Mr. William Shakespeare (1709).
18. "Of Genius," in The Occasional Paper, Vol. III, No. 10 (1719); and Aaron Hill's Preface to The Creation (1720).
1949-1950
22. Samuel Johnson, The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and two Rambler papers (1750).
23. John Dryden, His Majesties Declaration Defended (1681).
1950-1951
26. Charles Macklin, The Man of the World (1792).
1951-52
31. Thomas Gray, An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard (1751); and The Eton College Manuscript.
1952-1953
41. Bernard Mandeville, A Letter to Dion (1732).
1954-1955
49. Two St. Cecilia's Day Sermons (1696, 1697).
52. Pappity Stampoy, A Collection of Scotch Proverbs (1663).
1958-1959
75. John Joyne, A Journal (1679).
76. André Dacier, Preface to Aristotle's Art of Poetry (1705).
1959-1960
80. [P. Whalley], An Essay on the Manner of Writing History (1746).
83. Sawney and Colley (1742) and other Pope Pamphlets.
84. Richard Savage, An Author to be lett (1729).
1960-1961
85-6. Essays on the Theatre from Eighteenth-Century Periodicals.
90. Henry Needier, Works (1728).
1961-1962
93. John Norris, Cursory Reflections Upon a Book Call'd, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690).
94. An. Collins, Divine Songs and Meditacions (1653).
95. An Essay on the New Species of Writing Founded by Mr. Fielding (1751).
96. Hanoverian Ballads.
1962-1963
97. Myles Davies, Selections from Athenae Britannicae (1716-1719).
98. Select Hymns Taken Out of Mr. Herbert's Temple (1697).
99. Thomas Augustine Arne, Artaxerxes (1761).
100. Simon Patrick, A Brief Account of the New Sect of Latitude Men (1662).
101-2. Richard Hurd, Letters on Chivalry and Romance (1762).
1963-1964
103. Samuel Richardson, Clarissa: Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.
104. Thomas D'Urfey, Wonders in the Sun, or, the Kingdom of the Birds (1706).
105. Bernard Mandeville, An Enquiry into the Causes of the Frequent Executions at Tyburn (1725).
106. Daniel Defoe, A Brief History of the Poor Palatine Refugees (1709).
107-8. John Oldmixon, An Essay on Criticism (1728).
William Andrews Clark Memorial Library: University of California, Los Angeles
GENERAL EDITORS
| Earl Miner | Maximillian E. Novak |
| University of California, Los Angeles | University of California, Los Angeles |
| Lawrence Clark Powell | |
| Wm. Andrews Clark Memorial Library | |
Corresponding Secretary: Mrs. Edna C. Davis, Wm. Andrews Clark Memorial Library
The Society's purpose is to publish reprints (usually facsimile reproductions) of rare seventeenth and eighteenth century works. All income of the Society is devoted to defraying costs of publication and mailing.
Correspondence concerning subscriptions in the United States and Canada should be addressed to the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 2205 West Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles, California. Correspondence concerning editorial matters may be addressed to any of the general editors. The membership fee is $5.00 a year for subscribers in the United States and Canada and 30/- for subscribers in Great Britain and Europe. British and European subscribers should address B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street, Oxford, England. Copies of back issues in print may be obtained from the Corresponding Secretary.
PUBLICATIONS FOR 1964-1965
John Tutchin, Selected Poems (1685-1700). Introduction by Spiro Peterson.
Sir William Temple, An Essay upon the Original and Nature of Government (1680). Introduction by Robert C. Steensma.
T. R., An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning (1698). Introduction by Curt A. Zimansky.
Anonymous, Political Justice. A Poem (1736). Introduction by Burton R. Pollin and John W. Wilkes.
Two Poems Against Pope: Leonard Welsted, One Epistle to Mr. A. Pope (1730); Anonymous, The Blatant Beast (1740). Introduction by Joseph V. Guerinot.
Robert Dodsley, An Essay on Fable (1764). Introduction by Jeanne K. Welcher and Richard Dircks.
THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
William Andrews Clark Memorial Library
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Make check or money order payable to The Regents of the University of California.
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