The Project Gutenberg EBook of St. Nicholas v. 13 No. 9 July 1886, by Various

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org


Title: St. Nicholas v. 13 No. 9 July 1886
       an Illustrated Magazine for Young Folks

Author: Various

Editor: Mary Mapes Dodge

Release Date: July 16, 2011 [EBook #36750]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ASCII

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ST. NICHOLAS V. 13 NO. 9 JULY 1886 ***




Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Alex and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net






[Illustration: LA FAYETTE AND THE BRITISH AMBASSADOR.]




ST. NICHOLAS.

Vol. XIII.      JULY, 1886.      No. 9.

[Copyright, 1886, by THE CENTURY CO.]

LA FAYETTE.

By Mrs. Eugenia M. Hodge.


One hundred and nine years ago, in the month of February, 1777, a young
French guardsman ran away to sea.

And a most singular running away it was. He did not wish to be a sailor,
but he was so anxious to go that he bought a ship to run away in,--for he
was a very wealthy young man; and though he was only nineteen, he held a
commission as major-general in the armies of a land three thousand miles
away--a land he had never seen and the language of which he could not
speak. The King of France commanded him to remain at home; his friends and
relatives tried to restrain him; and even the representatives, or agents,
of the country in defense of which he desired to fight would not encourage
his purpose. And when the young man, while dining at the house of the
British Ambassador to France, openly avowed his sympathy with a downtrodden
people, and his determination to help them gain their freedom, the
Ambassador acted quickly. At his request, the rash young enthusiast was
arrested by the French Government, and orders were given to seize his ship,
which was awaiting him at Bordeaux. But ship and owner both slipped away,
and sailing from the port of Pasajes in Spain, the runaway, with eleven
chosen companions, was soon on the sea, bound for America, and beyond the
reach of both friends and foes.

On April 25, 1777, he landed at the little port of Georgetown, at the mouth
of the Great Pee Dee river in South Carolina; and from that day forward the
career of Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Motier, Marquis de La Fayette,
has held a place in the history of America, and in the interest and
affection of the American people.

When he first arrived in the land for which he desired to fight, however,
he found but a cool reception. The Congress of the United States was poor,
and so many good and brave American officers who had proved their worth
were desirous of commissions as major-generals, that the commission
promised to this young Frenchman could not easily be put in force so far as
an actual command and a salary were concerned.

But the young general had come across the sea for a purpose, and money and
position were not parts of that purpose. He expressed his desire to serve
in the American army upon two very singular conditions, namely: that he
should receive no pay, and that he should act as a volunteer. The Congress
was so impressed with the enthusiasm and self-sacrifice of the young
Frenchman that, on July 31, 1777, it passed a resolution directing that
"his services be accepted and that, in consideration of his zeal,
illustrious family and connections, he have the rank and commission of a
Major-General of the United States."

General Washington was greatly attracted by the energy and earnestness of
the young nobleman. He took him into what was called his "military family,"
assigned him to special and honorable duty; and when the young volunteer
was wounded at the battle of Brandywine, the Commander-in-Chief praised his
"bravery and military ardor" so highly that the Congress gave La Fayette
the command of a division. Thus, before he was twenty, he was actually a
general, and already, as one historian says, he had "justified the boyish
rashness which his friends deplored and his sovereign resented, and had
acquired a place in history."

Notwithstanding General Washington's assertion to Congress that La Fayette
had made "great proficiency in our language," the young marquis's
pronunciation of English was far from perfect. French, Spanish, and Italian
were all familiar to him, but his English was not readily understood by the
men he was called upon to command. It was therefore necessary to find as
his aid-de-camp one who could quickly interpret the orders of his
commanding officer.

[Illustration: STATUE OF LA FAYETTE BY A. BARTHOLDI,--
UNION SQUARE, NEW-YORK CITY.]

Such an aid was at last found in the person of a certain young Connecticut
adjutant on the regimental staff of dashing Brigadier-General Wayne,--"Mad
Anthony" Wayne, the hero of Stony Point.

This young adjutant was of almost the same age as Lafayette; he had
received, what was rare enough in those old days, an excellent college
education, and he was said to be the only man in the American army who
could speak French and English equally well.

These young men, General La Fayette and his aid, grew very fond of each
other during an intimate acquaintance of nearly seven years. The French
marquis, with that overflow of spirits and outward demonstration so
noticeable in most Frenchmen, freely showed his affection for the more
reserved American--often throwing his arms around his neck, kissing him
upon the cheek and calling him "My brave, my good, my virtuous, my adopted
brother!"

After the battle of Monmouth, which occurred on June 28, 1778, and in which
La Fayette's command was engaged against the British forces, who were
routed, the marquis was enthusiastic in praise of the gallant conduct of
his friend and aid. Not content with this, he sent to him some years after,
when the aid-de-camp, then a colonel in rank, was elected to political
honors, the following acrostic, as a souvenir, expressive of the esteem and
remembrance of his former commander. The initial letters of each line of
the poem will spell out for you the name of this soldier friend of La
Fayette. And here is an exact copy of the acrostic and of the postscript
that accompanied it:

  Sage of the East! where wisdom rears her head,
  Augustus, taught in virtue's path to tread,
  'Mid thousands of his race, elected stands
  Unanimous to legislative bands;
  Endowed with every art to frame just laws,
  Learns to hate vice, to virtue gives applause.

  Augustus, oh, thy name that's ever dear
  Unrivaled stands to crown each passing year!
  Great are the virtues that exalt thy mind.
  Unenvied merit marks thy worth refined.
  Sincerely rigid for your country's right,
  To save her Liberty you deigned to fight;
  Undaunted courage graced your manly brow,
  Secured such honors as the gods endow.--

  Bright is the page; the record of thy days
  Attracts my muse thus to rehearse thy praise.
  Rejoice then, patriots, statesmen, all rejoice!
  Kindle his praises with one general voice!
  Emblazon out his deeds, his virtues prize,
  Reiterate his praises to the skies!
                                    M. D. LA FAYETTE.

P.S.--The Colonel will readily apologize for the inaccuracies of
an unskillful muse, and be convinced the high estimation of his amiable
character could alone actuate the author of the foregoing.

                                    M. D. LA FAYETTE.

So the name of the young general's friend and aid-de-camp was Samuel
Augustus Barker.

       *       *       *       *       *

Years passed. The Revolution was over. America was free. The French
Revolution, with all its horrors and successes, had made France a republic.
Napoleon had risen, conquered, ruled, fallen, and died, and the first
quarter of the nineteenth century was nearly completed, when, in August,
1824, an old French gentleman who had been an active participant in several
of these historic scenes arrived in New York. It was General the Marquis de
La Fayette, now a veteran of nearly seventy, returning to America as the
honored guest of the growing and prosperous republic he had helped to
found.

His journey through the land was like a triumph. Flowers and decorations
brightened his path, cheering people and booming cannon welcomed his
approach. And in one of those welcomings, in a little village in Central
New York, a cannon, which was heavily loaded for a salute in honor of the
nation's guest, exploded, and killed a plucky young fellow who had
volunteered to "touch off" the over-charged gun when no one else dared.
Some months after, the old marquis chanced to hear of the tragedy, and at
once his sympathies were aroused for the widowed mother of the young man.

He at once wrote to the son of the man who had been his comrade in arms in
the revolutionary days half a century before, asking full information
concerning the fatal accident, and the needs of the mother of the poor
young man who was killed; and having thus learned all the facts, sent the
sum of one thousand dollars to relieve the mother's necessities and to pay
off the mortgage on her little home.

I have before me, as I write, the original letter written by the General to
the son of his old friend, the paper marked and yellow with the creases of
sixty years; and as I read it again, I feel that of all the incidents of
the singularly eventful life of La Fayette there are none that show his
noble nature more fully than those I have noted here: his enthusiastic
services in behalf of an oppressed people, his close and devoted affection
for his friend and comrade, and the impulsive generosity of a heart that
was at once manly, tender, and true.

And as I write, I am grateful that I can claim a certain association with
that honored name of La Fayette; for the young adjutant to whom the
acrostic was addressed and the friend through whom the gift to the widow
was communicated were respectively my grandfather and my father.

It is at least pleasant to know that one's ancestors were the intimate
friends of so noble a man, of whom one biographer has recently said: "He
was brave even to rashness, his life was one of constant peril, and yet he
never shrank from any danger or responsibility if he saw the way open to
spare life or suffering, to protect the defenseless, to sustain law and
preserve order."

At the southern extremity of Union Square, in the city of New York, there
is a bronze statue of La Fayette. As you have already been told in ST.
NICHOLAS, it represents him in graceful pose and with earnest face and
gesture, "making offer of his sword to the country he admired--the country
that sorely needed his aid. The left hand is extended as if in greeting and
friendly self-surrender, and the right hand, which holds the sword, is
pressed against the breast, as if implying that his whole heart goes with
his sword." Lafayette's words, "As soon as I heard of American
independence, my heart was enlisted," are inscribed upon the pedestal of
the statue; and a short distance from it, in the plaza adjoining the
square, is an equestrian statue of Washington. It is fitting that the
bronze images of those two great men should thus be placed together, as the
names of Washington and La Fayette are forever coupled in the history and
in the affections of the American people.




A CHILD'S FANCY.

BY FRANK DEMPSTER SHERMAN.


  The meadow is a battle-field
    Where Summer's army comes:
  Each soldier with a clover shield,
    The honey-bees with drums.
      Boom, rat-ta!--they march and pass
        The captain tree who stands
      Saluting with a sword of grass
        And giving the commands.

  'T is only when the breezes blow
    Across the woody hills,
  They shoulder arms and, to and fro,
    March in their full-dress drills.
      Boom, rat-ta!--they wheel in line
        And wave their gleaming spears.
      "March!" cries the captain, giving sign,
        And every soldier cheers.

  But when the day is growing dim
    They gather in their camps,
  And sing a good thanksgiving hymn
    Around their fire-fly lamps.
      Ra-ta-ta!--the bugle-notes
        Call "good-night!" to the sky.--
      I hope they all have overcoats
        To keep them warm and dry!




LITTLE LORD FAUNTLEROY.

BY FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT.

CHAPTER X.


[Illustration]

The truth was that Mrs. Errol had found a great many sad things in the
course of her work among the poor of the little village that appeared so
picturesque when it was seen from the moor-sides. Everything was not as
picturesque, when seen near by, as it looked from a distance. She had found
idleness and poverty and ignorance where there should have been comfort and
industry. And she had discovered, after a while, that Erleboro was
considered to be the worst village in that part of the country. Mr.
Mordaunt had told her a great many of his difficulties and discouragements,
and she had found out a great deal by herself. The agents who had managed
the property had always been chosen to please the Earl, and had cared
nothing for the degradation and wretchedness of the poor tenants. Many
things, therefore, had been neglected which should have been attended to,
and matters had gone from bad to worse.

As to Earl's Court, it was a disgrace, with its dilapidated houses and
miserable, careless, sickly people. When first Mrs. Errol went to the
place, it made her shudder. Such ugliness and slovenliness and want seemed
worse in a country place than in a city. It seemed as if there it might be
helped. And as she looked at the squalid, uncared-for children growing up
in the midst of vice and brutal indifference, she thought of her own little
boy spending his days in the great, splendid castle, guarded and served
like a young prince, having no wish ungratified, and knowing nothing but
luxury and ease and beauty. And a bold thought came into her wise little
mother-heart. Gradually she had begun to see, as had others, that it had
been her boy's good fortune to please the Earl very much, and that he would
scarcely be likely to be denied anything for which he expressed a desire.

"The Earl would give him anything," she said to Mr. Mordaunt. "He would
indulge his every whim. Why should not that indulgence be used for the good
of others? It is for me to see that this shall come to pass."

She knew she could trust the kind, childish heart; so she told the little
fellow the story of Earl's Court, feeling sure that he would speak of it to
his grandfather, and hoping that some good results would follow.

And strange as it appeared to every one, good results did follow. The fact
was that the strongest power to influence the Earl was his grandson's
perfect confidence in him--the fact that Cedric always believed that his
grandfather was going to do what was right and generous. He could not quite
make up his mind to let him discover that he had no inclination to be
generous at all, and that he wanted his own way on all occasions, whether
it was right or wrong. It was such a novelty to be regarded with admiration
as a benefactor of the entire human race, and the soul of nobility, that he
did not enjoy the idea of looking into the affectionate brown eyes, and
saying: "I am a violent, selfish old rascal; I never did a generous thing
in my life, and I don't care about Earl's Court or the poor people"--or
something which would amount to the same thing. He actually had learned to
be fond enough of that small boy with the mop of yellow love-locks, to feel
that he himself would prefer to be guilty of an amiable action now and
then. And so--though he laughed at himself--after some reflection, he sent
for Newick, and had quite a long interview with him on the subject of the
Court, and it was decided that the wretched hovels should be pulled down
and new houses should be built.

"It is Lord Fauntleroy who insists on it," he said dryly; "he thinks it
will improve the property. You can tell the tenants that it's his idea."
And he looked down at his small lordship, who was lying on the hearth-rug
playing with Dougal. The great dog was the lad's constant companion, and
followed him about everywhere, stalking solemnly after him when he walked,
and trotting majestically behind when he rode or drove.

Of course, both the country people and the town people heard of the
proposed improvement. At first, many of them would not believe it; but when
a small army of workmen arrived and commenced pulling down the crazy,
squalid cottages, people began to understand that little Lord Fauntleroy
had done them a good turn again, and that through his innocent interference
the scandal of Earl's Court had at last been removed. If he had only known
how they talked about him and praised him everywhere, and prophesied great
things for him when he grew up, how astonished he would have been! But he
never suspected it. He lived his simple, happy child life,--frolicking
about in the park; chasing the rabbits to their burrows; lying under the
trees on the grass, or on the rug in the library, reading wonderful books
and talking to the Earl about them, and then telling the stories again to
his mother; writing long letters to Dick and Mr. Hobbs, who responded in
characteristic fashion; riding out at his grandfather's side, or with
Wilkins as escort. As they rode through the market town, he used to see the
people turn and look, and he noticed that as they lifted their hats their
faces often brightened very much, but he thought it was all because his
grandfather was with him.

[Illustration: "THE WORKMEN LIKED TO SEE HIM STAND AMONG THEM, TALKING
AWAY, WITH HIS HANDS IN HIS POCKETS."]

"They are so fond of you," he once said, looking up at his lordship with a
bright smile. "Do you see how glad they are when they see you? I hope they
will some day be as fond of me. It must be nice to have _every_ body like
you." And he felt quite proud to be the grandson of so greatly admired and
beloved an individual.

When the cottages were being built, the lad and his grandfather used to
ride over to Earl's Court together to look at them, and Fauntleroy was full
of interest. He would dismount from his pony and go and make acquaintance
with the workman, asking them questions about building and bricklaying, and
telling them things about America. After two or three such conversations,
he was able to enlighten the Earl on the subject of brickmaking, as they
rode home.

"I always like to know about things like those," he said, "because you
never know what you are coming to."

When he left them, the workmen used to talk him over among themselves, and
laugh at his odd, innocent speeches; but they liked him, and liked to see
him stand among them, talking away, with his hands in his pockets, his hat
pushed back on his curls, and his small face full of eagerness. "He's a
rare un," they used to say. "An' a woise little outspoken chap too. Not
much o' th' bad stock in him." And they would go home and tell their wives
about him, and the women would tell each other, and so it came about that
almost every one talked of, or knew some story of, little Lord Fauntleroy;
and gradually almost every one knew that the "wicked Earl" had found
something he cared for at last--something which had touched and even warmed
his hard, bitter old heart.

But no one knew quite how much it had been warmed, and how day by day the
old man found himself caring more and more for the child, who was the only
creature that had ever trusted him. He found himself looking forward to the
time when Cedric would be a young man, strong and beautiful, with life all
before him, but having still that kind heart and the power to make friends
everywhere; and the Earl wondered what the lad would do, and how he would
use his gifts. Often as he watched the little fellow lying upon the hearth,
conning some big book, the light shining on the bright young head, his old
eyes would gleam and his cheek would flush.

"The boy can do anything," he would say to himself, "anything!"

He never spoke to any one else of his feeling for Cedric; when he spoke of
him to others it was always with the same grim smile. But Fauntleroy soon
knew that his grandfather loved him and always liked him to be near--near
to his chair if they were in the library, opposite to him at table, or by
his side when he rode or drove or took his evening walk on the broad
terrace.

"Do you remember," Cedric said once, looking up from his book as he lay on
the rug, "do you remember what I said to you that first night about our
being good companions? I don't think any people could be better companions
than we are, do you?"

"We are pretty good companions, I should say," replied his lordship. "Come
here."

Fauntleroy scrambled up and went to him.

"Is there anything you want," the Earl asked; "anything you have not?"

The little fellow's brown eyes fixed themselves on his grandfather with a
rather wistful look.

"Only one thing," he answered.

"What is that?" inquired the Earl.

Fauntleroy was silent a second. He had not thought matters over to himself
so long for nothing.

"What is it?" my lord repeated.

Fauntleroy answered.

"It is Dearest," he said.

The old Earl winced a little.

"But you see her almost everyday," he said. "Is not that enough?"

"I used to see her all the time," said Fauntleroy. "She used to kiss me
when I went to sleep at night, and in the morning she was always there, and
we could tell each other things without waiting."

The old eyes and the young ones looked into each other through a moment of
silence. Then the Earl knitted his brows.

"Do you _never_ forget about your mother?" he said.

"No," answered Fauntleroy, "never; and she never forgets about me. I
shouldn't forget about _you_, you know, if I didn't live with you. I should
think about you all the more."

"Upon my word," said the Earl, after looking at him a moment longer, "I
believe you would!"

The jealous pang that came when the boy spoke so of his mother seemed even
stronger than it had been before--it was stronger because of this old man's
increasing affection for the boy.

But it was not long before he had other pangs, so much harder to face that
he almost forgot, for the time, he had ever hated his son's wife at all.
And in a strange and startling way it happened. One evening, just before
the Earl's Court cottages were completed, there was a grand dinner party at
Dorincourt. There had not been such a party at the Castle for a long time.
A few days before it took place, Sir Harry Lorridaile and Lady Lorridaile,
who was the Earl's only sister, actually came for a visit--a thing which
caused the greatest excitement in the village and set Mrs. Dibble's
shop-bell tingling madly again, because it was well known that Lady
Lorridaile had only been to Dorincourt once since her marriage, thirty-five
years before. She was a handsome old lady with white curls and dimpled,
peachy cheeks, and she was as good as gold, but she had never approved of
her brother any more than did the rest of the world, and having a strong
will of her own and not being at all afraid to speak her mind frankly, she
had, after several lively quarrels with his lordship, seen very little of
him since her young days.

She had heard a great deal of him that was not pleasant through the years
in which they had been separated. She had heard about his neglect of his
wife, and of the poor lady's death; and of his indifference to his
children; and of the two weak, vicious, unprepossessing elder boys who had
been no credit to him or to any one else. Those two elder sons, Bevis and
Maurice, she had never seen; but once there had come to Lorridaile Park a
tall, stalwart, beautiful young fellow about eighteen years old who had
told her that he was her nephew Cedric Errol, and that he had come to see
her because he was passing near the place and wished to look at his Aunt
Constantia of whom he had heard his mother speak. Lady Lorridaile's kind
heart had warmed through and through at the sight of the young man, and she
had made him stay with her a week, and petted him, and made much of him and
admired him immensely. He was so sweet-tempered, light-hearted, spirited a
lad, that when he went away, she had hoped to see him often again; but she
never did, because the Earl had been in a bad humor when he went back to
Dorincourt, and had forbidden him ever to go to Lorridaile Park again. But
Lady Lorridaile had always remembered him tenderly, and though she feared
he had made a rash marriage in America, she had been very angry when she
heard how he had been cast off by his father and that no one really knew
where or how he lived. At last there came a rumor of his death, and then
Bevis had been thrown from his horse and killed, and Maurice had died in
Rome of the fever; and soon after came the story of the American child who
was to be found and brought home as Lord Fauntleroy.

"Probably to be ruined as the others were," she said to her husband,
"unless his mother is good enough and has a will of her own to help her to
take care of him."

But when she heard that Cedric's mother had been parted from him she was
almost too indignant for words.

"It is disgraceful, Harry!" she said. "Fancy a child of that age being
taken from his mother, and made the companion of a man like my brother! The
old Earl will either be brutal to the boy or indulge him until he is a
little monster. If I thought it would do any good to write----"

"It wouldn't, Constantia," said Sir Harry.

"I know it wouldn't," she answered. "I know his lordship the Earl of
Dorincourt too well;--but it is outrageous."

[Illustration: "'I WAS THINKING HOW BEAUTIFUL YOU ARE,' SAID LORD
FAUNTLEROY." (SEE PAGE 651.)]

Not only the poor people and farmers heard about little Lord Fauntleroy;
others knew of him. He was talked about so much and there were so many
stories of him--of his beauty, his sweet temper, his popularity, and his
growing influence over the Earl, his grandfather--that rumors of him
reached the gentry at their country places and he was heard of in more than
one county of England. People talked about him at the dinner tables, ladies
pitied his young mother, and wondered if the boy were as handsome as he was
said to be, and men who knew the Earl and his habits laughed heartily at
the stories of the little fellow's belief in his lordship's amiability. Sir
Thomas Asshe of Asshaine Hall, being in Erleboro one day, met the Earl and
his grandson riding together and stopped to shake hands with my lord and
congratulate him on his change of looks and on his recovery from the gout.
"And, d'ye know!" he said, when he spoke of the incident afterward, "the
old man looked as proud as a turkey-cock; and upon my word I don't wonder,
for a handsomer, finer lad than his grandson I never saw! As straight as a
dart, and sat his pony like a young trooper!"

And so by degrees Lady Lorridaile, too, heard of the child; she heard about
Higgins, and the lame boy, and the cottages at Earl's Court, and a score of
other things,--and she began to wish to see the little fellow. And just as
she was wondering how it might be brought about, to her utter astonishment,
she received a letter from her brother inviting her to come with her
husband to Dorincourt.

"It seems incredible!" she exclaimed. "I have heard it said that the child
has worked miracles, and I begin to believe it. They say my brother adores
the boy and can scarcely endure to have him out of sight. And he is so
proud of him! Actually, I believe he wants to show him to us." And she
accepted the invitation at once.

When she reached Dorincourt Castle with Sir Harry, it was late in the
afternoon, and she went to her room at once before seeing her brother.
Having dressed for dinner she entered the drawing-room. The Earl was there
standing near the fire and looking very tall and imposing; and at his side
stood a little boy in black velvet, and a large Vandyke collar of rich
lace--a little fellow whose round bright face was so handsome, and who
turned upon her such beautiful, candid brown eyes, that she almost uttered
an exclamation of pleasure and surprise at the sight.

As she shook hands with the Earl, she called him by the name she had not
used since her girlhood.

"What, Molyneux," she said, "is this the child?"

"Yes, Constantia," answered the Earl, "this is the boy. Fauntleroy, this is
your grand-aunt, Lady Lorridaile."

"How do you do, Grand-Aunt?" said Fauntleroy.

Lady Lorridaile put her hand on his shoulders, and after looking down into
his upraised face a few seconds, kissed him warmly.

"I am your Aunt Constantia," she said, "and I loved your poor papa, and you
are very like him."

"It makes me glad when I am told I am like him," answered Fauntleroy,
"because it seems as if every one liked him,--just like Dearest,
eszackly,--Aunt Constantia," (adding the two words after a second's pause.)

Lady Lorridaile was delighted. She bent and kissed him again, and from that
moment they were warm friends.

"Well, Molyneux," she said aside to the Earl afterward, "it could not
possibly be better than this!"

"I think not," answered his lordship dryly. "He is a fine little fellow. We
are great friends. He believes me to be the most charming and
sweet-tempered of philanthropists. I will confess to you, Constantia,--as
you would find it out if I did not,--that I am in some slight danger of
becoming rather an old fool about him."

"What does his mother think of you?" asked Lady Lorridaile, with her usual
straightforwardness.

"I have not asked her," answered the Earl, slightly scowling.

"Well," said Lady Lorridaile, "I will be frank with you at the outset,
Molyneux, and tell you I don't approve of your course, and that it is my
intention to call on Mrs. Errol as soon as possible; so if you wish to
quarrel with me, you had better mention it at once. What I hear of the
young creature makes me quite sure that her child owes her everything. We
were told even at Lorridaile Park that your poorer tenants adore her
already."

"They adore _him_," said the Earl, nodding toward Fauntleroy. "As to Mrs.
Errol, you'll find her a pretty little woman. I'm rather in debt to her for
giving some of her beauty to the boy, and you can go to see her if you
like. All I ask is that she will remain at Court Lodge and that you will
not ask me to go and see her," and he scowled a little again.

"But he doesn't hate her as much as he used to, that is plain enough to
me," her ladyship said to Sir Harry afterward. "And he is a changed man in
a measure, and, incredible as it may seem, Harry, it is my opinion that he
is being made into a human being, through nothing more nor less than his
affection for that innocent, affectionate little fellow. Why, the child
actually loves him--leans on his chair and against his knee. My lord's own
children would as soon have thought of nestling up to a tiger."

The very next day she went to call upon Mrs. Errol. When she returned, she
said to her brother:

"Molyneux, she is the loveliest little woman I ever saw! She has a voice
like a silver bell, and you may thank her for making the boy what he is.
She has given him more than her beauty, and you make a great mistake in not
persuading her to come and take charge of you. I shall invite her to
Lorridaile."

"She'll not leave the boy," replied the Earl.

"I must have the boy too," said Lady Lorridaile, laughing.

But she knew Fauntleroy would not be given up to her, and each day she saw
more clearly how closely those two had grown to each other, and how all the
proud, grim old man's ambition and hope and love centered themselves in the
child, and how the warm, innocent nature returned his affection with most
perfect trust and good faith.

She knew, too, that the prime reason for the great dinner party was the
Earl's secret desire to show the world his grandson and heir, and to let
people see that the boy who had been so much spoken of and described was
even a finer little specimen of boyhood than rumor had made him.

"Bevis and Maurice were such a bitter humiliation to him," she said to her
husband. "Every one knew it. He actually hated them. His pride has full
sway here." Perhaps there was not one person who accepted the invitation
without feeling some curiosity about little Lord Fauntleroy, and wondering
if he would be on view.

And when the time came he was on view.

"The lad has good manners," said the Earl. "He will be in no one's way.
Children are usually idiots or bores,--mine were both,--but he can actually
answer when he's spoken to, and be silent when he is not. He is never
offensive."

But he was not allowed to be silent very long. Every one had something to
say to him. The fact was they wished to make him talk. The ladies petted
him and asked him questions, and the men asked him questions too, and joked
with him, as the men on the steamer had done when he crossed the Atlantic.
Fauntleroy did not quite understand why they laughed so sometimes when he
answered them, but he was so used to seeing people amused when he was quite
serious, that he did not mind. He thought the whole evening delightful. The
magnificent rooms were so brilliant with lights, there were so many
flowers, the gentlemen seemed so gay, and the ladies wore such beautiful,
wonderful dresses, and such sparkling ornaments in their hair and on their
necks. There was one young lady who, he heard them say, had just come down
from London, where she had spent the "season"; and she was so charming that
he could not keep his eyes from her. She was a rather tall young lady with
a proud little head, and very soft dark hair, and large eyes the color of
purple pansies, and the color on her cheeks and lips was like that of a
rose. She was dressed in a beautiful white dress, and had pearls around her
throat. There was one strange thing about this young lady. So many
gentlemen stood near her, and seemed anxious to please her, that Fauntleroy
thought she must be something like a princess. He was so much interested in
her that without knowing it he drew nearer and nearer to her and at last
she turned and spoke to him.

"Come here, Lord Fauntleroy," she said, smiling; "and tell me why you look
at me so."

"I was thinking how beautiful you are," his young lordship replied.

Then all the gentlemen laughed outright, and the young lady laughed a
little too, and the rose color in her cheeks brightened.

"Ah, Fauntleroy," said one of the gentlemen who had laughed most heartily,
"make the most of your time! When you are older you will not have the
courage to say that."

"But nobody could help saying it," said Fauntleroy sweetly. "Could you help
it? Don't _you_ think she is pretty too?"

"We are not allowed to say what we think," said the gentleman, while the
rest laughed more than ever.

But the beautiful young lady--her name was Miss Vivian Herbert--put out her
hand and drew Cedric to her side, looking prettier than before, if
possible.

"Lord Fauntleroy shall say what he thinks," she said; "and I am much
obliged to him. I am sure he thinks what he says." And she kissed him on
his cheek.

"I think you are prettier than any one I ever saw," said Fauntleroy,
looking at her with innocent, admiring eyes, "except Dearest. Of course, I
couldn't think any one _quite_ as pretty as Dearest. I think she is
the prettiest person in the world."

"I am sure she is," said Miss Vivian Herbert. And she laughed and kissed
his cheek again.

She kept him by her side a great part of the evening, and the group of
which they were the center was very gay. He did not know how it happened,
but before long he was telling them all about America, and the Republican
Rally, and Mr. Hobbs and Dick, and in the end he proudly produced from his
pocket Dick's parting gift,--the red silk handkerchief.

"I put it in my pocket to-night because it was a party," he said. "I
thought Dick would like me to wear it at a party."

And queer as the big, flaming, spotted thing was, there was a serious,
affectionate look in his eyes, which prevented his audience from laughing
very much.

"You see I like it," he said, "because Dick is my friend."

But though he was talked to so much, as the Earl had said, he was in no
one's way. He could be quiet and listen when others talked, and so no one
found him tiresome. A slight smile crossed more than one face when several
times he went and stood near his grandfather's chair, or sat on a stool
close to him, watching him and absorbing every word he uttered with the
most charmed interest. Once he stood so near the chair's arm that his cheek
touched the Earl's shoulder, and his lordship, detecting the general smile,
smiled a little himself. He knew what the lookers-on were thinking, and he
felt some secret amusement in their seeing what a good friend he was to
this youngster, who might have been expected to share the popular opinion
of him.

Mr. Havisham had been expected to arrive in the afternoon, but, strange to
say, he was late. Such a thing had really never been known to happen before
during all the years in which he had been a visitor at Dorincourt Castle.
He was so late that the guests were on the point of rising to go in to
dinner when he arrived. When he approached his host, the Earl regarded him
with amazement. He looked as if he had been hurried or agitated; his dry,
keen old face was actually pale.

"I was detained," he said, in a low voice to the Earl, "by--an
extraordinary event."

It was as unlike the methodic old lawyer to be agitated by anything as it
was to be late, but it was evident that he had been disturbed. At dinner he
ate scarcely anything, and two or three times, when he was spoken to, he
started as if his thoughts were far away. At dessert, when Fauntleroy came
in, he looked at him more than once, nervously and uneasily. Fauntleroy
noted the look and wondered at it. He and Mr. Havisham were on friendly
terms, and they usually exchanged smiles. The lawyer seemed to have
forgotten to smile that evening.

The fact was he forgot everything but the strange and painful news he knew
he must tell the Earl before the night was over--the strange news which he
knew would be so terrible a shock, and which would change the face of
everything. As he looked about at the splendid rooms and the brilliant
company,--at the people gathered together, he knew, more that they might
see the bright-haired little fellow near the Earl's chair than for any
other reason,--as he looked at the proud old man and at little Lord
Fauntleroy smiling at his side, he really felt quite shaken,
notwithstanding that he was a hardened old lawyer. What a blow it was that
he must deal them!

He did not exactly know how the long, superb dinner ended. He sat through
it as if he were in a dream, and several times he saw the Earl glance at
him in surprise.

But it was over at last, and the gentlemen joined the ladies in the
drawing-room. They found Fauntleroy sitting on a sofa with Miss Vivian
Herbert,--the great beauty of the last London season; they had been looking
at some pictures, and he was thanking his companion, as the door opened.

"I'm ever so much obliged to you for being so kind to me!" he was saying;
"I never was at a party before, and I've enjoyed myself so much!"

He had enjoyed himself so much that when the gentlemen gathered about Miss
Herbert again and began to talk to her, as he listened and tried to
understand their laughing speeches, his eyelids began to droop. They
drooped until they covered his eyes two or three times, and then the sound
of Miss Herbert's low, pretty laugh would bring him back, and he would open
them again for about two seconds. He was quite sure he was not going to
sleep, but there was a large, yellow satin cushion behind him and his head
sank against it, and after a while his eyelids drooped for the last time.
They did not even quite open when, as it seemed a long time after, some one
kissed him lightly on the cheek. It was Miss Vivian Herbert, who was going
away, and she spoke to him softly.

"Good-night, little Lord Fauntleroy," she said. "Sleep well."

And in the morning he did not know that he had tried to open his eyes and
had murmured sleepily,

"Good-night--I'm so--glad--I saw you--you are so--pretty----"

He only had a very faint recollection of hearing the gentlemen laugh again
and of wondering why they did it.

       *       *       *       *       *

[Illustration]

No sooner had the last guest left the room, than Mr. Havisham turned from
his place by the fire, and stepped nearer the sofa, where he stood looking
down at the sleeping occupant. Little Lord Fauntleroy was taking his ease
luxuriously. One leg crossed the other and swung over the edge of the sofa;
one arm was flung easily above his head; the warm flush of healthful,
happy, childish sleep was on his quiet face; his waving tangle of bright
hair strayed over the yellow satin cushion. He made a picture well worth
looking at.

As Mr. Havisham looked at it, he put his hand up and rubbed his shaven
chin, with a harassed countenance.

"Well, Havisham," said the Earl's harsh voice behind him. "What is it? It
is evident something has happened. What was the extraordinary event, if I
may ask?"

Mr. Havisham turned from the sofa, still rubbing his chin.

"It was bad news," he answered, "distressing news, my lord--the worst of
news. I am sorry to be the bearer of it."

The Earl had been uneasy for some time during the evening, as he glanced at
Mr. Havisham, and when he was uneasy he was always ill-tempered.

"Why do you look so at the boy!" he exclaimed irritably. "You have been
looking at him all the evening as if--See here now, why should you look at
the boy, Havisham, and hang over him like some bird of ill-omen! What has
your news to do with Lord Fauntleroy?"

"My lord," said Mr. Havisham, "I will waste no words. My news has
everything to do with Lord Fauntleroy. And if we are to believe it--it is
not Lord Fauntleroy who lies sleeping before us, but only the son of
Captain Errol. And the present Lord Fauntleroy is the son of your son
Bevis, and is at this moment in a lodging-house in London."

The Earl clutched the arms of his chair with both his hands until the veins
stood out upon them; the veins stood out on his forehead too; his fierce
old face was almost livid.

"What do you mean!" he cried out. "You are mad! Whose lie is this?"

"If it is a lie," answered Mr. Havisham, "it is painfully like the truth. A
woman came to my chambers this morning. She said your son Bevis married her
six years ago in London. She showed me her marriage certificate. They
quarreled a year after the marriage, and he paid her to keep away from him.
She has a son five years old. She is an American of the lower classes,--an
ignorant person,--and until lately she did not fully understand what her
son could claim. She consulted a lawyer and found out that the boy was
really Lord Fauntleroy and the heir to the earldom of Dorincourt; and she,
of course, insists on his claims being acknowledged."

There was a movement of the curly head on the yellow satin cushion. A soft,
long, sleepy sigh came from the parted lips, and the little boy stirred in
his sleep, but not at all restlessly or uneasily. Not at all as if his
slumber were disturbed by the fact that he was being proved a small
impostor and that he was not Lord Fauntleroy at all and never would be the
Earl of Dorincourt. He only turned his rosy face more on its side as if to
enable the old man who stared at it so solemnly to see it better.

The handsome, grim old face was ghastly. A bitter smile fixed itself upon
it.

"I should refuse to believe a word of it," he said, "if it were not such a
low, scoundrelly piece of business that it becomes quite possible in
connection with the name of my son Bevis. It is quite like Bevis. He was
always a disgrace to us. Always a weak, untruthful, vicious young brute
with low tastes--my son and heir, Bevis, Lord Fauntleroy. The woman is an
ignorant, vulgar person, you say?"

"I am obliged to admit that she can scarcely spell her own name," answered
the lawyer. "She is absolutely uneducated and openly mercenary. She cares
for nothing but the money. She is very handsome in a coarse way, but----"

The fastidious old lawyer ceased speaking and gave a sort of shudder.

The veins on the old Earl's forehead stood out like purple cords. Something
else stood out upon it too--cold drops of moisture. He took out his
handkerchief and swept them away. His smile grew even more bitter.

"And I," he said, "I objected to--to the other woman, the mother of this
child" (pointing to the sleeping form on the sofa); "I refused to recognize
her. And yet she could spell her own name. I suppose this is retribution."

Suddenly he sprang up from his chair and began to walk up and down the
room. Fierce and terrible words poured forth from his lips. His rage and
hatred and cruel disappointment shook him as a storm shakes a tree. His
violence was something dreadful to see, and yet Mr. Havisham noticed that
at the very worst of his wrath he never seemed to forget the little
sleeping figure on the yellow satin cushions, and that he never once spoke
loud enough to awaken it.

"I might have known it," he said. "They were a disgrace to me from their
first hour! I hated them both; and they hated me! Bevis was the worse of
the two. I will not believe this yet, though! I will contend against it to
the last. But it is like Bevis--it is like him!"

And then he raged again and asked questions about the woman, about her
proofs, and pacing the room, turned first white and then purple in his
repressed fury.

When at last he had learned all there was to be told, and knew the worst,
Mr. Havisham looked at him with a feeling of anxiety. He looked broken and
haggard and changed. His rages had always been bad for him, but this one
had been worse than the rest because there had been something more than
rage in it.

He came slowly back to the sofa, at last, and stood near it.

"If any one had told me I could be fond of a child," he said, his harsh
voice low and unsteady, "I should not have believed them. I always detested
children--my own more than the rest. I am fond of this one; he is fond of
me," (with a bitter smile.) "I am not popular; I never was. But he is fond
of me. He never was afraid of me--he always trusted me. He would have
filled my place better than I have filled it. I know that. He would have
been an honor to the name."

He bent down and stood a minute or so looking at the happy, sleeping face.
His shaggy eyebrows were knitted fiercely, and yet somehow he did not seem
fierce at all. He put up his hand, pushed the bright hair back from the
forehead, and then turned away and rang the bell.

When the largest footman appeared, he pointed to the sofa.

"Take"--he said, and then his voice changed a little--"take Lord Fauntleroy
to his room."

(_To be continued_.)




THREE VELVETY BEES.

BY M. M. D.


[Illustration]

  Three velvety, busy, buzzing bees
  Once plunged in a thistle plant up to their knees.
  Alas! Though plucky and stout of heart,
  They bounded away with an angry start.
  For the thistle's the touchiest thing that grows;
  It's the firework plant--as every one knows.
  And every buzzer should pass it by
  On the day that is known as the Fourth of July.




FLY-FISHING FOR TROUT.

BY RIPLEY HITCHCOCK


There was once a boy who thought that he could choose his birthday present
more wisely than could his father and mother. He wanted an "arrow rifle"--a
useless affair which has long since gone to the place where toys which are
failures go. He was disappointed however. His birthday brought him not an
"arrow rifle," but a light, jointed fishing-rod. Now this boy had already
done some fishing with a heavy bamboo pole, or with one cut from an alder,
jerking the fish out of the water, and swinging them over his head. To be
sure the heavy pole made his arms ache, but his new rod, which bent at
every touch, seemed to him too slender and flimsy to be of any use
whatever.

I fear he was not very grateful at first, but he was properly rebuked when
his father took a day from professional cares, and opened the lad's eyes to
the pleasure of fishing with light tackle. When he had learned to "cast"
flies with his elastic, strong rod, without hooking somebody or something
not meant to be hooked; when he had seen the beautiful vermilion-spotted
trout flash clear of the water, tempted by the flies; and when he had found
that he could tire out and land larger fish than he had ever caught before,
simply by pitting against their cunning and strength, skill and patience
instead of mere brute force,--then there was opened to that boy a new world
of sport and healthy recreation. He has never regretted the "arrow rifle";
and he now proposes to tell the boys as well as the girls who read ST.
NICHOLAS how to obtain something which is within the reach of both,--the
greatest possible pleasure from fishing.

If one could take a bird's-eye view of our country at any time in the
summer, he would see boys and girls catching all kinds of fish in all kinds
of ways; some off the coast in sailboats, tugging at bluefish or mackerel,
others profiting by ST. NICHOLAS'S lessons in black-bass fishing,
some "skittering" for pickerel in New England lakes, others trolling for
pike in the lakes and rivers of the West. But of all the fresh-water game
fish there is none more beautiful and graceful or more active than the
trout.

[Illustration: RAINBOW TROUT.]

[Illustration: RANGELEY LAKE TROUT.]

Any New York boy who has never caught a trout should go down to Fulton
Market at the opening of the trout season, when trout are gathered there
from all parts of the country. He will see "rainbow" trout from the Rocky
Mountains, their sides iridescent, and stained as if marked by a bloody
finger. These are being introduced into Eastern waters. He will find trout
in the blackest of mourning robes and others gayly dressed in silver
tinsel. Sometimes the vermilion spots on the side shine like fire; again
they are as dull as if the fire had gone out and left only gray ashes. For
there are several varieties of trout known to naturalists and traveled
fishermen, and even the brook trout, called by the formidable name of
_Salmo fontinalis_, varies greatly in color and shape in different
localities. In Arizona, I have caught trout which were fairly black. In
Dublin Lake in New Hampshire, the trout look like bars of polished silver
as they are drawn up through the water. I never saw a more sharply marked
contrast than that between the trout of two little Maine lakes, near the
head-waters of the Androscoggin River. In one, the trout were long, and as
thin as race-horses, and their flesh was of a salmon-pink hue; in the
other, not half a mile away, the trout were short, thick, and almost
hump-backed, with darker skins and lighter flesh. The first lake had a
sandy, gravelly bottom, and the water was clear as crystal; the bottom of
the second was muddy, and the water dark and turbid. This explained the
difference in the fish, a difference always existing in trout of brooks or
lakes under the same conditions.

[Illustration: _Trout-rod and Tackle_.]

In the great Androscoggin Lakes of Maine, the trout, which are brook trout,
grow to the largest size known anywhere. They have been caught weighing
twelve pounds, and many claimed that they were lake trout, until the famous
naturalist Agassiz decided that, although living in lakes, they were true
brook trout. These immense trout have very thick bodies and cruel hooked
jaws; but the guides can point out many contrasts between trout from
different lakes, or even from different parts of the same lake. There are
trout nearly as large in the rivers of the British Provinces, Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick, and Quebec, but these are usually lighter colored, and they
are quite another variety, being known as sea trout, or _Salmo trutta_. All
this adds to the interest of trout-fishing by inducing the angler to
acquaint himself with what the Natural Histories have to tell him about the
various kinds of trout. Then the differences in one kind teach him to be
observant and excite a curiosity as to the habits of the trout. Here the
Natural Histories will fail him. Only by following trout brooks and
tempting the larger trout of lakes, can he properly study the ways and
curious moods of this cunning, timid fish. And even then, if he be modest,
he will often confess himself sadly puzzled; for the trout's wits are
sometimes more than a match for the fisherman's. And this adds to the
pleasure of trout-fishing; for if one had to deal with a fish which would
bite at any bait, under any circumstances, and give up the fight as soon as
hooked, the sport would soon grow very stupid. In trout-fishing, one will
study the best conditions of wind, weather, and water, and learn how to
approach one of the shyest of fish, how to delude one of the most wary, and
how safely to land one of the pluckiest. To do this it is necessary to have
reliable "tackle," a term which includes rod, reel, line, leaders, flies,
and landing net. The rod must be so light that one can cast with it easily
and persistently, and yet it must be strong enough to bend into all manner
of curves without breaking, and to tire out large trout. If it is too
stiff, the fisherman's arm will soon be wearied, and if it is too flexible
or withy, it will not cast flies well, and it will not hold fish firmly if
the angler needs to bring a strain upon them. In attempts to meet these
requirements, fly rods have been made of split bamboo, ash and lance-wood,
bethabara, greenheart, cedar, hickory, hornbeam, iron-wood, snake-wood,
shadblow and perhaps twenty other woods, and there have even been
experiments in making rods of thin steel tubes. The split bamboo rods are
made of four or six triangular strips cut from the rind of Calcutta bamboo
and carefully fitted and glued together. Sometimes the surface is rounded,
but oftener it has six sides. These rods, when they are really good, are
the best of all. Indeed, Americans may justly claim to make the finest rods
in the world and also the finest lines. But I should not advise any of my
readers to buy a split bamboo fly rod, because these rods are very
expensive, they require very careful treatment, and if broken they must go
back to the maker to be repaired. The fly rod which I recommend to the boys
and girls of ST. NICHOLAS is one with an ash butt, and the second joint and
tip of lance-wood. It should be from ten feet to ten feet and a half in
length, and should weigh about seven ounces and a half. Such a rod can be
obtained from any reliable dealer in any large city. I emphasize reliable
because there are fishing-tackle stores where one may get rods nice to look
at, but worthless to use. Nearly all dealers keep what is called an "all
around" rod, intended to be used, for either fly or bait fishing, but this,
like most compromises is usually unsatisfactory. This, or something like
it, will probably be shown you if you ask for a boy's rod, so that it is
better to tell the dealer or rod-maker exactly what you want, and to accept
nothing else. If he takes a pride in his work and has a reputation to
sustain, he will interest himself in picking out a rod of sound,
well-seasoned wood, evenly balanced, elastic, with a good action, and a
peculiar "kick" in the second joint, which is of great service in casting a
fly. If some one can help you in making your choice, so much the better.
Then it will be well to attach a reel and line to the rod and try it in
actual casting, if this is possible; and when the rod is bent, see that the
bend is an even curve. The pleasure of fly-fishing depends upon the quality
of the rod, and the choice should therefore be made deliberately and
wisely. Some fishermen make their own rods, and there are dealers who
supply materials for amateur rod-makers; but this is a difficult
undertaking and can not be described here.[A] I should advise any boy to go
to a professional maker for his first fly rod.

[Footnote A: "Fly Rods and Fly Tackle," by Mr. H. P. Wells, explains
methods of making and repairing rods and other tackle, and gives much
valuable instruction in fly-fishing.]

[Illustration: YOUNG ANGLERS.]

The "enameled water-proof" lines are the best. These are braided from
boiled silk, and prepared to resist the action of water, which will cause
the decay of an ordinary line. Of the various sizes, which are
distinguished by letters, that known as F is perhaps most desirable,
although either E or F will answer the purpose. The line should be "level,"
not tapering, and at least twenty-five yards in length. This will be wound
upon a "click" reel of equal capacity, preferably nickel-plated. But this
is of less importance than the internal construction of the reel, for which
you should have the maker's guarantee. Now come the flies. There are names
enough to fill a directory, and a greater variety of colors than the woods
show in autumn. A few flies like the "Montreal," "Professor," "Scarlet
Ibis," "Coachman," and "the Hackles," are to be found in almost every
angler's book. For the rest, it will be well to learn, from some
experienced angler or intelligent dealer, the flies best suited to the
particular waters which you intend to fish. At the Rangeley lakes, for
example, you will find that large, gaudy flies are much used, like the
"Parmachenee Belle," "Silver and Golden Doctor," and "Grizzly King," and
there is one local fly called the "Katoodle Bug." In the Adirondacks,
smaller flies of quieter colors are favored. For brook-fishing, very small
flies of neutral tints are much used except when the water is very dark. A
fly-book will be needed to contain flies and also leaders. The leader is a
piece of "silk-worm gut," which should be about six feet in length. One end
is fastened to the line, and the stretcher-fly is made fast at the other.
One or two other flies, called droppers, are usually attached at intervals
of two feet or more along the leader. Before making your choice, the
leaders should be closely examined to see whether any part is frayed or
cracked. They can be tested by a pull of four or five pounds on a spring
balance. The leader is used as being less conspicuous than the line in the
water, and, therefore, less likely to frighten away trout approaching the
flies. Most leaders are dyed a misty bluish color which, it is thought,
will escape even the keen eyes of the trout. A landing-net, the size and
strength of which depend upon the fishing-ground, completes the list of
tackle.

[Illustration: TROUT FLIES.]

The next step is to learn how to cast a fly, and here practice and the
advice of some experienced fly-fisherman will be worth more than printed
instructions.

It is not necessary, however, to wait for summer nor for access to water,
in order to practice casting. A housetop, a dooryard, or even the spacious
floor of an old-fashioned barn, as the case may be, offers just as good a
chance for practice as a lake or river. When the rod is jointed together,
the reel attached, and the line passed through the rings and beyond the tip
about the length of the rod, the learner is usually seized with a wild
desire to flourish rod and line like a whip with a long snapper. This
feeling must promptly be suppressed. Fly-casting is a very simple movement,
and not a flourish. The elbow is kept down at the side, the forearm moving
only a little, and most of the work is done by the wrist. Holding the rod
by the "grip," the part of the butt wound with silk or rattan to assist the
grasp, one finds that the reel, which is just below the "grip," aids in
balancing the rod. The reel is underneath in casting. After hooking a fish,
many anglers turn their rods so as to bring the reel to the upper side,
thus letting the strain of the line come upon the rod itself instead of
upon the rings. In holding the "grip," the thumb should be extended
straight along the rod, as this gives an additional "purchase." For the
first cast, take the end of the line in the left hand, and bring the rod
upward and backward until the line is taut. As you release the line, the
spring of the rod carries the line backward. This is the back cast. Then
comes an instant's pause, while the line straightens itself out behind, and
then, with a firm motion of the wrist, helped a little by the forearm, the
rod is thrown forward, and the line flies easily out in front. Begin with a
line once or once-and-a-half as long as the rod, and lengthen it out by
degrees. The main points to be remembered are: to keep the elbow at the
side, to train the wrist, to move the rod not too far forward or back,
always to wait until the line is straight behind on the back cast, and to
make sure that in this the line falls no lower than your head, a process
which it will take time to accomplish. There is no more awkward fault than
that of whipping a rod down to a level with the horizon before and behind,
and swishing the flies through the air until some of them are snapped off.

When the learner becomes accustomed to handling his rod, he must try to
perfect himself in two matters of great importance--accuracy and delicacy.
Place a small piece of paper fifteen or twenty feet away, and aim at making
the knot in the end of the line fall easily and quietly upon it. Your
efforts will be aided if you will raise the point of the rod a trifle, just
as the forward impulse of the line is spent, and the line itself is
straightened in the air for an instant in front. This is a novel kind of
target-shooting, but its usefulness will be realized when the angler finds
it necessary to drop his flies so lightly just over the head of some
particularly wary trout, that the fish, although too shy or lazy to move a
yard, will be persuaded that some tempting natural flies have foolishly
settled on the water just within reach of his jaws. By practice of this
kind, which is an excellent form of light exercise in itself, any boy or
girl can learn a very fascinating art. It is not necessary to make very
long casts. At fly-casting tournaments in Central Park, casts have been
made of about ninety feet, but in actual fishing a third of that distance
is usually sufficient. Never cast more line than you can conveniently and
safely handle.

[Illustration: CAPTURING TWO FISH AT ONCE,--OR "LANDING A DOUBLE."]

And now that we are ready to go a-fishing, the question arises, "Where
shall we go?" The cold, bitter weather common in early April is not
favorable to fishermen or fish. When May sunshine brings the leaves out on
the trees, and fields are green and skies are blue, then Long Island may
well tempt any New York boy who has a holiday to spend in fly-fishing.
Years ago, any Long Island water could be fished without question, but now
nearly all the Long Island brooks and ponds are "preserved,"--that is,
kept for personal use by clubs or private owners. A boy who has a friend
or relative among the owners of these preserves, or can hire a fishing
privilege, can enjoy trout-fishing within a journey of two or three hours
from his New York home. Within a few hours' ride, also, are trout streams
in the southern counties of New York State and in Pennsylvania, although
the former are so often visited that the fish have not time to grow large.
The New England boy finds trout brooks in western Connecticut, in northern
Massachusetts, and in the Cape Cod region, in northern New Hampshire and
Vermont, and especially in Maine. Once, almost every stream and lake in
New England contained trout. But forests were cut down, and some of the
streams dwindled until they went dry in summer. Saw-mills were built, the
streams were dammed up so as to be impassable for trout, and the trout
eggs were buried under sawdust. Manufactories have poisoned the water of
some rivers and others have been literally "fished dry." The trout of any
brook near a large New England town have a very poor chance of long life.
All this is discouraging enough, but yet there are trout to be caught, as
every New England boy knows.

[Illustration: INTERIOR OF A FISHING-CAMP.]

The most famous fishing-places in the East are the Rangeley Lakes in Maine
and the Adirondacks in New York. About the third week of May the ice goes
out of the great chain of lakes forming the head-waters of the Androscoggin
River in Maine. Then the red-shirted river-drivers come down with "drives"
of logs, which dash through the sluiceways of immense dams between the
different lakes. And while the brown pine trunks are still shooting through
the dams, fishermen begin to gather from all parts of the country, for in
the clear cold water of these lakes the trout, feeding upon myriads of
minnows, grow to be the giants of their race. I can wish no better
piscatorial fortune for the children of ST. NICHOLAS than a visit to Maine
with father or brother, and the capture of one of these large trout. I must
confess, however, that the large trout are not to be depended upon; but
there are small fish always to be caught in the little lakes and brooks of
the region, and there are pleasant forest camps with cheerful fires blazing
in great stone fireplaces. The host of one of these camps was for a long
time a hunter and guide, and every winter he lectures before Boston
schoolboys, dressed in his hunter's garb, and tells them about trapping and
the adventures of life in the woods.

If one can continue further into the North-east, better fishing can be
found in New Brunswick and Quebec than in Maine, although the trout of the
Provinces are sea trout, a distinction which does not seem to me important.
The trout of the Adirondacks are much smaller than those of Maine or New
Brunswick, and now that the Adirondack country is overrun with visitors,
one must go back some distance into the woods to find good sport. South of
Pennsylvania, there is trout-fishing in the mountain streams of West
Virginia and North Carolina. To the west, northern Michigan tempts the
angler, and still further north are the large trout of the Nepigon river
which flows into Lake Superior. The States along the Mississippi Valley are
sadly deficient in trout, but a great deal can be done with black bass, as
Mr. Maurice Thompson has told you. Trout abound all along the Rocky
Mountains. There are the lusty five-pounders of the Snake River in Idaho,
the rainbow trout of California, found also, I think, in Colorado, and the
dusky fish of New Mexico and Arizona. I do not expect that many of ST.
NICHOLAS'S readers will visit these remote fishing-places, but between the
three corners of the continent in which I have caught trout--Quebec,
Washington Territory, and Arizona--there are so many chances for
trout-fishing, that very few need fail to enjoy this most delightful of
outdoor sports.

The best month for fly-fishing is June, and the best weather a light
southerly or southwesterly breeze and a slightly overcast sky. Morning or
evening is the best time. The worst is the middle of an intensely hot,
bright, still day. It is usually thought that a change in the weather makes
trout more active. Very high or very low water is undesirable. Yet when all
the conditions seem perfect, one may cast over a whole school of trout
without inducing them to stir a fin; and on the other hand, when the
weather is most unfavorable and when the fish are gorged with food, they
will, sometimes, fairly hustle one another in their eagerness to get the
flies. On one hot July noon, the air and water around my boat were alive
with trout for half an hour, when they stopped rising as suddenly as they
had begun, without any apparent reason in one case or the other. Within two
forenoon hours, I once caught twenty-five pounds of trout at the mouth of a
brook emptying into one of the Rangeley lakes. Early next morning, I was
rowed to the same spot and found only one solitary trout. On another
occasion, I landed a five-pound and a three-pound trout from a pool in a
Canadian river, without unduly disturbing the water; but although the pool
contained several other fish, including one estimated to weigh over five
pounds, not another trout could be induced to look at any fly in my book.
Trout are very fickle and changeable, and the ingenuity sometimes required
to coax them to rise adds as much zest to the sport as the suspense and
excitement of hooking and landing them.

[Illustration: A MOUNTAIN LAKE.]

But when the trout does rise, what do you suppose he thinks? Does he really
believe that the curious creature with a barbed tail hovering over his head
is a natural fly? I doubt it. The flies ordinarily used would drive an
entomologist to distraction. The great scarlet and white and yellow flies
which have caused so many Rangeley lake trout to come to grief are, I
fancy, unlike any living insect in that region, or anywhere else. The trout
sees something moving on the water, and as experience has taught him that
such fluttering objects are usually good to eat, his weakness for live food
tempts him to pounce upon it without stopping to reason out the matter. But
when he finds that this deceitful fly is entirely tasteless, he will drop
it at once, unless the fisherman is prompt in "striking." This means a
quick upward movement of the tip of the rod, a motion imparted, of course,
at the butt, but communicated along rod and line. The movement "strikes"
the hook into the fish. One can not be too quick in striking, but if too
much force be used, the rod may be snapped at the second joint. Yet that is
not the way in which rods are most frequently broken. If you have drawn in
your flies so closely that you can not readily recover them, and your rod
is pointing nearly straight upward, even a gentle attempt to strike a small
fish is likely to break a rod. Once, I was fishing with a heavy rod from a
raft which was drifting across a Canadian lake. The wind was so strong that
I was obliged to cast with it, and then the raft rapidly drifted down upon
my flies. A trout weighing not a quarter of a pound rose when my rod was
nearly perpendicular, and the flies were close before me; instinctively I
struck. The reward of my carelessness was that the rod, which would have
landed a ten-pound fish, was cleanly broken into two pieces. Never draw the
flies so near you that you have not safe and complete control of your rod,
either for the back cast or for a strike.

The importance of the high back cast of which I have spoken, will be
especially appreciated by ST. NICHOLAS'S boys and girls, for most of their
trout-fishing will probably be done upon brooks where a low back cast would
involve entanglement in grass or bushes. In brook-fishing it is usually
necessary to use a comparatively short line, and one must learn to make
under-hand casts,--that is, with the rod down to a horizontal level on
either side, instead of being upright, something easily learned after one
can cast properly over-hand. Of course my readers will see that they must
keep themselves and their shadows out of the sight of the timid trout. When
a fish is hooked, let him run out the reel if he is large enough, unless he
makes for stumps or brush where the line may get entangled. Then as much of
a strain must be brought to bear upon him as the tackle will withstand; and
always reel in line when it is possible. The line should never be slack. If
the trout will not rise at first, change your flies and try the old rule of
looking closely at the insects which hover over the water and selecting a
fly from your book that imitates those insects as nearly as possible. The
best general rule is to use small dark flies in bright, clear water, and
larger bright flies in dark or turbid water. I need hardly say that fish
are not to be lifted out of the water with a fly-rod. Let the trout run and
struggle until the strain of the rod tires him out so that he can be easily
drawn within reach and lifted out with the landing-net.

[Illustration]

So you see that in fly-fishing for trout you learn a very fascinating art,
which can be practiced among the most delightful of outdoor surroundings in
the pleasantest months of the year. You will learn much more than books can
tell you about the habits and curious ways of a fish which the most
experienced anglers have considered for hundreds of years as, next to the
salmon, their most worthy game. You will learn patience, perseverance, and
all manner of practical lessons on trout streams, including the tying of
knots and the repairing of rods. And the sunshine, the fragrance of flowery
meadows, and the cool breath of the woods will give you a health which can
not be found indoors. But let me urge upon you to remember that the true
sportsman is always generous in his treatment of the noble fish which he
pursues. He will never catch trout out of season. He will never kill more
trout than can be made use of, nor will he ever kill them by unfair means.
And he will never catch tiny troutlings, too small to afford sport, lest he
should exhaust the streams, but he will carefully restore to the water any
trout which are not at least six inches long. ST. NICHOLAS'S fly-fishers
who meet the gallant trout on fair and even terms will surely give the
beautiful fish honorable treatment.

And when you go a-fishing, bearing these words in mind, may you be rewarded
by baskets well filled with trout of noble size.




DAISY-SONG.

BY GRACE DENIO LITCHFIELD


  I am only a plain little daisy-flower,
  Sprung up at hap-hazard 'neath sunshine and shower,
  To live out as I may my life's poor little hour,
              Yet who is so happy as I?

  Oh, the days they burn hot, and the nights they blow cold,
  And the shadows and rains,--true they fall, manifold;
  But my dress is all white, and my heart is pure gold,
              And who is so happy as I?

  There's many a gladsomer meadow than mine,
  Where greener trees shelter and softer suns shine
  For others than me; but how can I repine,
              For who is so happy as I?

  There 's a brook I can't see by that far-away beech,
  And a bird that wont whistle, for all I beseech,
  And stars are up yonder, quite out of my reach,
              But who is so happy as I?

  I just look up at Fate with my brave little face,
  I stir from my post in no possible case,
  And I keep my dress clean, my gold heart in its place,
              And who is so happy as I?




GEORGE WASHINGTON.

[_An Historical Biography_.]

BY HORACE E. SCUDDER.

CHAPTER XVII.

AT VALLEY FORGE.


The winter of 1777 passed with little fighting; and when the spring opened,
Washington used his army so adroitly as to prevent the British from moving
on Philadelphia, and finally crowded them out of New Jersey altogether.
That summer, however, was an anxious one, for there was great uncertainty
as to the plans of the enemy; and when at last a formidable British army
appeared in the Chesapeake, whither it had been transported by sea,
Washington hurried his forces to meet it, and fought the battle of
Brandywine, in which he met with a severe loss. He retrieved his fortune in
part by a brilliant attack on the enemy at Germantown, and then retired to
Valley Forge, in Pennsylvania, where he went into winter quarters; while
the British army was comfortably established in Philadelphia.

The defeat of Burgoyne by Gates, at Saratoga, in the summer and
Washington's splendid attack at Germantown had made a profound impression
in Europe, and are counted as having turned the scale in favor of an
alliance with the United States on the part of France. But when the winter
shut down on the American army, no such good cheer encouraged it. That
winter of 1778 was the most terrible ordeal which the army endured, and one
has but to read of the sufferings of the soldiers to learn at how great a
cost independence was bought. It is worth while to tell again the familiar
story, because the leader of the army himself shared the want and privation
of the men. To read of Valley Forge is to read of Washington.

The place was chosen for winter quarters because of its position. It was
equally distant with Philadelphia from the Brandywine and from the ferry
across the Delaware into New Jersey. It was too far from Philadelphia to be
in peril from attack, and yet it was so near that the American army could,
if opportunity offered, descend quickly on the city. Then it was so
protected by hills and streams that the addition of a few lines of
fortification made it very secure.

But there was no town at Valley Forge, and it became necessary to provide
some shelter for the soldiers other than the canvas tents which served in
the field in summer. It was the middle of December when the army began
preparations for the winter, and Washington gave directions for the
building of the little village. The men were divided into parties of
twelve, each party to build a hut to accommodate that number; and in order
to stimulate the men, Washington promised a reward of twelve dollars to the
party in each regiment which finished its hut first and most
satisfactorily. And as there was some difficulty in getting boards, he
offered a hundred dollars to any officer or soldier who should invent some
substitute which would be as cheap as boards and as quickly provided.

[Illustration: BUILDING THE HUTS AT VALLEY FORGE.]

Each hut was to be fourteen feet by sixteen, the sides, ends, and roof to
be made of logs, and the sides made tight with clay. There was to be a
fireplace in the rear of each hut, built of wood, but lined with clay
eighteen inches thick. The walls were to be six and a half feet high. Huts
were also to be provided for the officers, and to be placed in the rear of
those occupied by the troops. All these were to be regularly arranged in
streets. A visitor to the camp when the huts were being built, wrote of the
army; "They appear to me like a family of beavers, every one busy; some
carrying logs, others mud, and the rest plastering them together." It was
bitterly cold, and for a month the men were at work, making ready for the
winter.

But in what sort of condition were the men themselves when they began this
work? Here is a picture of one of those men on his way to Valley Forge:
"His bare feet peep through his worn-out shoes, his legs nearly naked from
the tattered remains of an only pair of stockings, his breeches not enough
to cover his nakedness, his shirt hanging in strings, his hair disheveled,
his face wan and thin, his look hungry, his whole appearance that of a man
forsaken and neglected." And the snow was falling! This was one of the
privates. The officers were scarcely better off. One was wrapped "in a sort
of dressing-gown made of an old blanket or woolen bed-cover." The uniforms
were torn and ragged; the guns were rusty; a few only had bayonets; the
soldiers carried their powder in tin boxes and cow-horns.

To explain why this army was so poor and forlorn, would be to tell a long
story. It may be summed up briefly in these words--the army was not taken
care of because there was no country to take care of it. There were
thirteen States, and each of these States sent troops into the field, but
all the States were jealous of one another. There was a Congress, which
undertook to direct the war, but all the members of Congress, coming from
the several States, were jealous of one another. They were agreed on only
one thing--that it was not prudent to give the army too much power. It is
true that they had once given Washington large authority, but they had
given it only for a short period. They were very much afraid that somehow
the army would rule the country, and yet they were trying to free the
country from the rule of England. But when they talked about freeing the
country, each man thought only of his own State. The first fervor with
which they had talked about a common country had died away; there were some
very selfish men in Congress, who could not be patriotic enough to think of
the whole country.

The truth is, it takes a long time for the people of a country to come to
feel that they have a country. Up to the time of the war for independence,
the people in America did not care much for one another or for America.
They had really been preparing to be a nation, but they did not know it.
They were angry with Great Britain, and they knew they had been wronged.
They were therefore ready to fight; but it does not require so much courage
to fight as to endure suffering and to be patient.

So it was that the people of America who were most conscious that they were
Americans were the men who were in the army, and their wives and mothers
and sisters at home. All these were making sacrifices for their country and
so learning to love it. The men in the army came from different States, and
there was a great deal of State feeling among them; but, after all, they
belonged to one army, the continental army, and they had much more in
common than they had separately. Especially they had a great leader who
made no distinction between Virginians and New England men. Washington felt
keenly all the lack of confidence which Congress showed. He saw that the
spirit in Congress was one which kept the people divided, while the spirit
at Valley Forge kept the people united, and he wrote reproachfully to
Congress:

"If we would pursue a right system of policy, in my opinion, ... we should
all, Congress and army, be considered as one people, embarked in one cause,
in one interest; acting on the same principle, and to the same end. The
distinction, the jealousies set up, or perhaps only incautiously let out,
can answer not a single good purpose.... No order of men in the thirteen
States has paid a more sacred regard to the proceedings of Congress than
the army; for without arrogance or the smallest deviation from truth it may
be said, that no history now extant can furnish an instance of an army's
suffering such uncommon hardships as ours has done, and bearing them with
the same patience and fortitude. To see men, without clothes to cover them,
without blankets to lie on, without shoes (for the want of which their
marches might be traced by the blood from their feet), and almost as often
without provisions as with them, marching through the frost and snow, and
at Christmas taking up their winter quarters within a day's march of the
enemy, without a house or hut to cover them, till they could be built, and
submitting without a murmur, is a proof of patience and obedience, which,
in my opinion, can scarce be paralleled."

The horses died of starvation, and the men harnessed themselves to trucks
and sleds, hauling wood and provisions from storehouse to hut. At one time
there was not a ration in camp. Washington seized the peril with a strong
hand and compelled the people in the country about, who had been selling to
the British army at Philadelphia, to give up their stores to the patriots
at Valley Forge.

Meanwhile, the wives of the officers came to the camp, and these brave
women gave of their cheer to its dreary life. Mrs. Washington was there
with her husband. "The General's apartment is very small," she wrote to a
friend; "he has had a log cabin built to dine in, which has made our
quarters much more tolerable than they were at first."

The officers and their wives came together and told stories, perhaps over a
plate of hickory nuts, which, we are informed, furnished General
Washington's dessert. The General was cheerful in the little society; but
his one thought was how to keep the brave company of men alive and prepare
them for what lay before them. The house where he had his quarters was a
farmhouse belonging to a quaker, Mr. Potts, who has said that one day when
strolling up the creek, away from the camp, he heard a deep, quiet voice a
little way off. He went nearer, and saw Washington's horse tied to a
sapling. Hard by, in the thicket, was Washington on his knees, praying
earnestly.

[Illustration: AT VALLEY FORGE.]

At the end of February, light began to break. The terrible winter was
passing away, though the army was still in wretched state. But there came
to camp, a volunteer, Baron Steuben, who had been trained in the best
armies of Europe. In him Washington had, what he greatly needed, an
excellent drill-master. He made him Inspector of the army, and soon, as if
by magic, the men changed from slouching, careless fellows into erect,
orderly soldiers. The Baron began with a picked company of one hundred and
twenty men, whom he drilled thoroughly; these became the models for others,
and so the whole camp was turned into a military school.

The prospect grew brighter and brighter, until on the 4th of May, late at
night, a messenger rode into camp with dispatches from Congress. Washington
opened them, and his heart must have leaped for joy as he read that an
alliance had been formed between France and the United States. Two days
later, the army celebrated the event. The chaplains of the several
regiments read the intelligence and then offered up thanksgiving to God.
Guns were fired, and there was a public dinner in honor of Washington and
his generals. There had been shouts for the King of France and for the
American States; but when Washington took his leave, "there was," says an
officer who was present, universal applause, "with loud huzzas, which
continued till he had proceeded a quarter of a mile, during which time
there were a thousand hats tossed in the air. His excellency turned round
with his retinue, and huzzaed several times."




CHAPTER XVIII.

THE CONWAY CABAL.


There is no man so high but some will always be found who wish to pull him
down. Washington was no exception to this rule. His men worshiped him; the
people had confidence in him; the officers nearest to him, and especially
those who formed a part of his military family, were warmly attached to
him; but in Congress there were men who violently opposed him, and there
were certain generals who not only envied him but were ready to seize any
opportunity which might offer to belittle him and to place one of their own
number in his place. The chief men who were engaged in this business were
Generals Conway, Mifflin, and Gates, and from the prominent position taken
in the affair by the first-named officer, the intrigue against Washington
goes by the name of the Conway Cabal. A "cabal" is a secret combination
against a person with the object of his hurt or injury.

It is not easy to say just how or when this cabal first showed itself.
Conway was a young brigadier-general, very conceited and impudent. Mifflin
had been Quartermaster-general, but had resigned. He had been early in the
service and was in Cambridge with Washington, but had long been secretly
hostile to him. Gates, who had been Washington's companion in Virginia, was
an ambitious man who never lost an opportunity of looking after his own
interest, and had been especially fortunate in being appointed to the
command of the northern army just as it achieved the famous victory over
Burgoyne.

The defeat at Brandywine, the failure to make Germantown a great success,
and the occupation of Philadelphia by the British troops, while the
American army was suffering at Valley Forge--all this seemed to many a
sorry story compared with the brilliant victory at Saratoga. There had
always been those who thought Washington slow and cautious. John Adams was
one of these, and he expressed himself as heartily glad "that the glory of
turning the tide of arms was not immediately due to the
commander-in-chief." Others shook their heads and said that the people of
America had been guilty of idolatry by making a man their god; and that,
besides, the army would become dangerous to the liberties of the people if
it were allowed to be so influenced by one man.

Conway was the foremost of these critics. "No man was more a gentleman than
General Washington, or appeared to more advantage at his table, or in the
usual intercourse of life," he would say; then he would give his shoulders
a shrug, and look around and add, "but as to his talents for the command of
an army, they were miserable indeed."

"Gates was the general!" Conway said. "There was a man who could fight, and
win victories!"

Gates himself was in a mood to believe it. He had been so intoxicated by
his success against Burgoyne that he thought himself the man of the day,
and quite forgot to send a report of the action to his commander-in-chief.
Washington rebuked him in a letter which was severe in its quiet tone. He
congratulated Gates on his great success, and added, "At the same time, I
can not but regret that a matter of such magnitude, and so interesting to
our general operations, should have reached me by report only; or through
the channel of letters not bearing that authenticity which the importance
of it required, and which it would have received by a line over your
signature stating the simple fact."

Gates may have winced under the rebuke, but he was then listening to
Conway's flattery, and that was more agreeable to him. Conway, on his part,
found Gates a convenient man to set up as a rival to Washington. He himself
did not aspire to be commander-in-chief, though he would have had no doubt
as to his capacity. Washington knew him well. "His merit as an officer,"
wrote the Commander-in-chief, "and his importance in this army exist more
in his own imagination than in reality. For it is a maxim with him to leave
no service of his own untold, nor to want anything which is to be obtained
by importunity." Conway thought Gates was the rising man, and he meant to
rise with him. He filled his ear with things which he thought would please
him, and among other letters wrote him one in which these words occurred:
"Heaven has determined to save your country, or a weak general and bad
counselors would have ruined it."

Now Gates was foolish enough to show this letter to Wilkinson, one of his
aids, and Wilkinson repeated it to an aid of Lord Stirling, one of
Washington's generals, and Lord Stirling at once sat down and wrote it off
to Washington. Thereupon Washington, who knew Conway too well to waste any
words upon him, sat down and wrote him this letter:

  "SIR,--A letter which I received last night contained the following
paragraph:

  "'In a letter from General Conway to General Gates he says: Heaven has
determined to save your country, or a weak general and bad counselors would
have ruined it.'

            "I am, Sir, your humble servant,
                                 "GEORGE WASHINGTON."

That was all, but it was quite enough to throw Conway and Gates and Mifflin
into a panic. How did Washington get hold of the sentence? Had he seen any
other letters? How much did he know? In point of fact, that was all that
Washington had seen. He had a contempt for Conway. He knew of Mifflin's
hostility and that Gates was now cool to him; but he did not suspect Gates
of any intrigue, and he supposed for a while that Wilkinson's message had
been intended only to warn him of Conway's evil mind.

Gates was greatly perplexed to know what to do, but he finally wrote to
Washington as if there were some wretch who had been stealing letters and
might be discovering the secrets of the American leaders. He begged
Washington to help him find the rascal. Washington replied, giving him the
exact manner in which the letter came into his hands, and then closed with
a few sentences that showed Gates clearly that he had lost the confidence
of his commander-in-chief.

That particular occasion passed, but presently the cabal showed its head
again, this time working through Congress. It secured the appointment of a
Board of War, with Gates at the head, and a majority of the members from
men who were hostile to Washington. Now, they thought, Washington will
resign, and to help matters on they spread the report that Washington was
about to resign. The general checkmated them at once by a letter to a
friend, in which he wrote:

  "To report a design of this kind is among the arts which those who are
endeavoring to effect a change, are practicing to bring it to pass....
While the public are satisfied with my endeavors, I mean not to shrink from
the cause. But the moment her voice, _not that of faction_, calls upon me
to resign, I shall do it with as much pleasure as ever the wearied traveler
retired to rest."

The cabal was not yet defeated. It had failed by roundabout methods. It
looked about in Congress and counted the disaffected to see if it would be
possible to get a majority vote in favor of a motion to arrest the
commander-in-chief. So at least the story runs which, from its nature,
would not be found in any record, but was whispered from one man to
another. The day came when the motion was to be tried; the conspiracy
leaked out, and Washington's friends bestirred themselves. They needed one
more vote. They sent post-haste for one of their number, Gouverneur Morris,
who was absent in camp; but they feared they could not get him in time. In
their extremity, they went to William Duer, a member from New York, who was
dangerously ill. Duer sent for his doctor.

"Doctor," he asked, "can I be carried to Congress?"

"Yes, but at the risk of your life," replied the physician.

"Do you mean that I should expire before reaching the place?" earnestly
inquired the patient.

"No," came the answer; "but I would not answer for your leaving it alive."

"Very well, sir. You have done your duty and I will do mine!" exclaimed
Duer. "Prepare a litter for me; if you will not, somebody else will, but I
prefer your aid."

The demand was in earnest, and Duer had already started when it was
announced that Morris had returned and that he would not be needed. Morris
had come direct from the camp with the latest news of what was going on
there. His vote would make it impossible for the enemies of Washington to
carry their point; their opportunity was lost, and they never recovered it.

It was not the end of the cabal, however. They still cherished their
hostility to Washington, and they sought to injure him where he would feel
the wound most keenly. They tried to win from him the young Marquis de La
Fayette, who had come from France to join the American army, and whom
Washington had taken to his heart. La Fayette was ambitious and
enthusiastic. Conway, who had been in France, did his best to attach
himself to the young Frenchman, but he betrayed his hatred of Washington,
and that was enough to estrange La Fayette. Then a winter campaign in
Canada was planned, and the cabal intrigued to have La Fayette appointed to
command it. It was argued that as a Frenchman he would have an influence
over the French Canadians. But the plotters hoped that, away from
Washington, the young marquis could be more easily worked upon, and it was
intended that Conway should be his second in command.

Of course, in contriving this plan, Washington was not consulted; but the
moment La Fayette was approached, he appealed to Washington for advice.
Washington saw through the device, but he at once said, "I would rather it
should be you than another." La Fayette insisted on Kalb being second in
command instead of Conway, whom he disliked and distrusted. Congress was in
session at York, and thither La Fayette went to receive his orders. Gates,
who spent much of his time in the neighborhood of Congress, seeking to
influence the members, was there, and La Fayette was at once invited to
join him and his friends at dinner. The talk ran freely, and great things
were promised of the Canada expedition, but not a word was said about
Washington. La Fayette listened and noticed. He thought of the contrast
between the meager fare and the sacrifices at Valley Forge, and this feast
at which he was a guest. He watched his opportunity, and near the end of
the dinner, he said:

"I have a toast to propose. There is one health, gentlemen, which we have
not yet drunk. I have the honor to propose it to you: The
Commander-in-chief of the armies of the United States!"

It was a challenge which no one dared openly to take up, but there was an
end to the good spirits of the company. La Fayette had shown his colors,
and he was let alone after that. Indeed, the Canada expedition never was
undertaken, for the men who were urging it were not in earnest about
anything but diminishing the honor of Washington. It is the nature of
cabals and intrigues that they flourish in the dark. They can not bear the
light. As soon as these hostile intentions began to reach the ears of the
public, great was the indignation aroused, and one after another of the
conspirators made haste to disown any evil purpose. Gates and Mifflin each
publicly avowed their entire confidence in Washington, and Conway, who had
fought a duel and supposed himself to be dying, made a humble apology. The
cabal melted away, leaving Washington more secure than ever in the
confidence of men--all the more secure that he did not lower himself by
attempting the same arts against his traducers. When Conway was uttering
his libels behind his back, Washington was openly declaring his judgment of
Conway; and throughout the whole affair, Washington kept his hands clean,
and went his way with a manly disregard of his enemies.




CHAPTER XIX.

MONMOUTH.


The news of the French alliance, and consequent war between France and
England, compelled the English to leave Philadelphia. They had taken their
ease there during the winter, while hardships and Steuben's drilling and
Washington's unflagging zeal had made the American army at Valley Forge
strong and determined. A French fleet might at any time sail up the
Delaware, and with the American army in the rear, Philadelphia would be a
hard place to hold. So General Howe turned his command over to General
Clinton, and went home to England, and General Clinton set about marching
his army across New Jersey to New York.

The moment the troops left Philadelphia, armed men sprang up all over New
Jersey to contest their passage, and Washington set his army in motion,
following close upon the heels of the enemy, who were making for Staten
Island. There was a question whether they should attack the British and
bring on a general engagement, or only follow them and vex them. The
generals on whom Washington most relied, Greene, La Fayette, and Wayne, all
good fighters, urged that it would be a shame to let the enemy leave New
Jersey without a severe punishment. The majority of generals in the
council, however, strongly opposed the plan of giving battle. They said
that the French alliance would undoubtedly put an end to the war at once.
Why, then, risk life and success? The British army, moreover, was strong
and well equipped.

The most strenuous opponent of the fighting plan was General Charles Lee.
When he was left in command of a body of troops at the time of Washington's
crossing the Hudson river more than a year before, his orders were to hold
himself in readiness to join Washington at any time. In his march across
New Jersey, Washington had repeatedly sent for Lee, but Lee had delayed in
an unaccountable manner, and finally was himself surprised by a company of
dragoons, and taken captive. For a year he had been held a prisoner, and
only lately had been released on exchange. He had returned to the army
while the cabal against Washington was going on, and had taken part in it,
for he always felt that he ought to be first and Washington second. He was
second in command now, and his opinion had great weight. He was a trained
soldier, and besides, in his long captivity he had become well acquainted
with General Clinton, and he professed to know well the condition and
temper of the British officers.

Washington thus found himself unsupported by a majority of his officers.
But he had no doubt in his own mind that the policy of attack was a sound
one. All had agreed that it was well to harass the enemy; he therefore
ordered La Fayette with a large division to fall upon the enemy at an
exposed point. He thought it not unlikely that this would bring on a
general action, and he disposed his forces so as to be ready for such an
emergency. He gave the command to La Fayette, because Lee had disapproved
the plan; but after La Fayette had set out, Lee came to Washington and
declared that La Fayette's division was so large as to make it almost an
independent army, and that therefore he would like to change his mind and
take command. It never would do to have his junior in such authority.

Here was a dilemma. Washington could not recall La Fayette. He wished to
make use of Lee; so he gave Lee two additional brigades, sent him forward
to join La Fayette, when, as his senior, he would of course command the
entire force; and at the same time he notified La Fayette of what he had
done, trusting to his sincere devotion to the cause in such an emergency.

When Clinton found that a large force was close upon him, he took up his
position at Monmouth Court House, now Freehold, New Jersey and prepared to
meet the Americans. Washington knew Clinton's movements and sent word to
Lee at once to attack the British, unless there should be very powerful
reasons to the contrary; adding that he himself was bringing up the rest of
the army. Lee had joined La Fayette and was now in command of the advance.
La Fayette was eager to move upon the enemy.

"You do not know British soldiers," said Lee; "we can not stand against
them. We shall certainly be driven back at first, and we must be cautious."

"Perhaps so," said La Fayette. "But we have beaten British soldiers, and we
can do it again."

Soon after, one of Washington's aids appeared for intelligence, and La
Fayette, in despair at Lee's inaction, sent the messenger to urge
Washington to come at once to the front; that he was needed. Washington was
already on the way, before the messenger reached him, when he was met by a
little fifer boy, who cried out:

"They are all coming this way, your honor."

"Who are coming, my little man?" asked General Knox, who was riding by
Washington.

"Why, our boys, your honor, our boys, and the British right after them."

"Impossible!" exclaimed Washington, and he galloped to a hill just ahead.
To his amazement and dismay, he saw his men retreating. He lost not an
instant, but, putting spurs to his horse, dashed forward. After him flew
the officers who had been riding by his side, but they could not overtake
him. His horse, covered with foam, shot down the road over a bridge and up
the hill beyond. The retreating column saw him come. The men knew him; they
stopped; they made way for the splendid-looking man, as he, their leader,
rode headlong into the midst of them. Lee was there, ordering the retreat,
and Washington drew his rein as he came upon him. A moment of terrible
silence--then Washington burst out, his eyes flashing:

[Illustration: WASHINGTON REBUKING LEE, AT MONMOUTH.]

"What, sir, is the meaning of this?"

"Sir, sir," stammered Lee.

"I desire to know, sir, the meaning of this disorder and confusion?"

Lee, enraged now by Washington's towering passion, made an angry reply. He
declared that the whole affair was against his opinion.

"You are a poltroon!" flashed back Washington, with an oath. "Whatever your
opinion may have been, I expected my orders to be obeyed."

"These men can not face the British grenadiers," answered Lee.

"They can do it, and they shall!" exclaimed Washington, galloping off to
survey the ground. Presently he came back; his wrath had gone down in the
presence of the peril to the army. He would waste no strength in cursing
Lee.

"Will you retain the command here, or shall I?" he asked. "If you will, I
will return to the main body and have it formed on the next height."

"It is equal to me where I command," said Lee, sullenly.

"Then remain here," said Washington. "I expect you to take proper means for
checking the enemy."

"Your orders shall be obeyed, and I shall not be the first to leave the
ground," replied Lee, with spirit.

The rest of the day the battle raged, and when night came the enemy had
been obliged to fall back, and Washington determined to follow up his
success in the morning. He directed all the troops to lie on their arms
where they were. He himself lay stretched on the ground beneath a tree, his
cloak wrapped about him. About midnight, an officer came near with a
message, but hesitated, reluctant to waken him.

"Advance, sir, and deliver your message," Washington called out; "I lie
here to think, and not to sleep."

In the morning, Washington prepared to renew the attack, but the British
had slipped away under cover of the darkness, not willing to venture
another battle.

Pursuit, except by some cavalry, was unavailing. The men were exhausted.
The sun beat down fiercely, and the hot sand made walking difficult.
Moreover, the British fleet lay off Sandy Hook, and an advance in that
direction would lead the army nearer to the enemy's re-enforcements.
Accordingly Washington marched his army to Brunswick and thence to the
Hudson river, crossed it, and encamped again near White Plains.

After the battle of Monmouth, Lee wrote an angry letter to Washington and
received a cool one in reply. Lee demanded a court-martial, and Washington
at once ordered it. Three charges were made, and Lee was convicted of
disobedience of orders in not attacking the enemy on the 28th of June,
agreeably to repeated instructions; misbehavior before the enemy on the
same day, by making an unnecessary and disorderly retreat; and disrespect
to the Commander-in-chief. He was suspended from the army for a year, and
he never returned to it. Long after his death, facts were brought to light
which make it seem more than probable that General Lee was so eaten up by
vanity, by jealousy of Washington, and by a love of his profession above a
love of his country, that he was a traitor at heart, and that instead of
being ready to sacrifice himself for his country, he was ready to sacrifice
the country to his own willful ambition and pride.

But his disgrace was the end of all opposition to Washington. From that
time there was no question as to who was at the head of the army and the
people.

(_To be continued_.)

       *       *       *       *       *

[Illustration: FRESH FROM A DIP IN THE BREAKERS.]




A SONG OF SUMMER.

BY EMMA C. DOWD.


  The flowers are fringing the swift meadow brooks,
  The songsters are nesting in shadowy nooks;
  The birds and the blossoms are thronging to meet us,
  With loveliness, perfume, and music they greet us,--
        For Summer, the beautiful, reigns!

  The bobolink tilts on the tall, nodding clover,
  And sings his gay song to us over and over;
  The wild roses beckon, with deepening blushes,
  And sweet, from the wood, sounds the warble of thrushes,--
        For Summer, the beautiful, reigns!

  The white lilies sway with the breeze of the morning,
  In raiment more fair than a monarch's adorning;
  The bright-throated humming-bird, marvel of fleetness,
  Comes questing for honey-blooms, draining their sweetness,--
        For Summer, the beautiful, reigns!

  High up in the elm is the oriole courting,
  A new suit of velvet and gold he is sporting;
  With gay bits of caroling, tuneful and mellow,
  He wooes his fair lady-love, clad in plain yellow,--
        For Summer, the beautiful, reigns!

  The blossoms and birds bring us, yearly, sweet token
  That Nature's glad promises never are broken.
  Then sing, happy birdlings, nor ever grow weary!
  Laugh on, merry children, 'tis time to be cheery!--
        For Summer, the beautiful, reigns!




THE LAST CRUISE OF "THE SLUG."

BY THOMAS EDWIN TURNER.


[Illustration]

Clifford and Jack went down from Brooklyn last summer to spend a few weeks
with Clifford's aunt, in the cozy old homestead on the Shrewsbury River.
Yachting was to be their chief enjoyment. To be sure, they were not
practical yachtsmen; but Jack said he "had read up the subject," and Cliff
"had been out in a yacht once or twice," so they had no fears.

Clifford and Jack were second cousins, and great friends; but Jack had been
in the habit of spending his summers at Saratoga, and accordingly he looked
forward to his present trip with the feeling of an adventurous explorer of
unknown regions. And in order to be prepared for every emergency, he
brought an "outfit" that filled a strong trunk, two valises, a shawl-strap,
and a number of queerly-shaped packages.

[Illustration: CAESAR AND THE PEACOCK. (SEE NEXT PAGE.)]

Clifford, who for several years had spent a part of each summer at his
aunt's, carried a handbag. When Jack asked him where the rest of his things
were, Clifford, with a glance at his cousin's paraphernalia, answered that
he preferred to keep his "outfit" at his aunt's. He was not likely to need
it elsewhere, and he saved expense for extra baggage.

But Caesar was Jack's chief reliance and most weighty responsibility. Caesar
was a dog;--according to Jack, a setter-dog. And as Clifford was unable to
state what was the dog's breed, if it were not a setter, Jack felt that he
had established his point. Moreover, when Caesar, upon their arrival at Mud
Flat, immediately celebrated the occasion by slaughtering eight out of a
brood of eleven Cochin China chicks that were great pets of their hostess,
Jack claimed that his pet's success as a game dog was assured beyond cavil.
Jack was somewhat discouraged on learning that the principal "game" in that
vicinity was the sideling "shedder," or crab, and he acknowledged that in
the pursuit of such plunder he feared even Caesar was not ambitious. But
nothing ever discouraged Caesar, and he had more fun with Miss Goodmaid's
favorite peacock than all the game in New Jersey would have afforded him;
as subsequent events developed the fact that he was mortally afraid of a
gun. This is not strange, considering that he had spent the previous eight
months of his short life in a stable on Henry street, in Brooklyn. Indeed,
his principal amusement during the rest of the boys' visit, was to chase
the gorgeous bird of Juno into the branches of a pear-tree, and stand below
and bark.

Though this was severe on the nervous organism of the peacock, it seemed to
afford unlimited satisfaction to Caesar, and it kept him out of so much
other possible mischief, that he was rarely interfered with on these
occasions.

[Illustration: JACK EXHIBITS HIS "OUTFIT."]

As soon as Jack could have his luggage taken to the house and put in the
room the boys were to occupy, he hastened to unpack his outfit before the
wondering eyes of Clifford. A handsome double-barreled shot-gun, Clifford
suggested, might be used in trying to kill his aunt's three remaining
chickens; a delicate split-bamboo fishing-rod might come in well for
catching live bait, if they were not in a hurry; and an extensive
collection of artificial flies would perhaps serve to frighten away the
mosquitoes. A large horse-pistol Cliff thought would be "just the thing for
picking off bull-frogs in the marshes"; but he was forced to tell his
cousin that he feared his shooting-coat, his fine yachting suit, his
knickerbockers for mountain climbing, and his tennis flannels, would
scarcely be needed in that vicinity.

Poor Jack looked ruefully at his expensive "outfit," which Clifford seemed
to prize so little, and then he asked his cousin to tell him what
specialties of costume and accouterments were best fitted to the Shrewsbury
region. Without answering in words, Clifford simply pointed to a closet,
through the open door of which could be seen, hanging from hooks, a
broad-brimmed straw hat, a blue flannel shirt, a stout pair of trousers,
and a lanyard. A large jack-knife lay upon the shelf, and a substantial
pair of high shoes stood firmly on the floor.

Little more was said concerning the subject that evening, but Jack went to
bed in a very sober frame of mind. In the morning, he put all his fancy
toggery back into his trunk, selecting only such useful garments as
Clifford suggested, and took an early opportunity of purchasing a hat which
was an exact counterpart of the one worn by his cousin.

Indeed, it was dangerous to mention the word "outfit" in Jack's hearing for
a long time.

Clifford's aunt, Miss Goodmaid, was asked to tell them where they could
hire a sail-boat for their proposed trip; she had heard that Johnny
Peltsman, the carriage-maker's son, in Mud Flat, had such a boat, and to
him the boys went to "negotiate."

Johnny Peltsman _did_ have a boat, which he said he would let, if he "could
get his price." The Slug, he admitted, looked a trifle heavy, and, while
under "proper conditions" she would go fast, Johnny confessed that she
couldn't sail very close to the wind. Upon payment of five dollars, he
said, the boys might have the boat for two weeks.

"Done!" cried Jack, eagerly. "I dare say she will suit us perfectly. Some
people may like boats that sail close to the wind. But a boat to suit me
must be able to slide away from the wind, and not stay crawling around
close to it!"

Clifford's face was a study as his partner thus aired his nautical
opinions, while Johnny Peltsman greeted the remark with open-mouthed
astonishment; and when Jack concluded his observations, Johnny said
earnestly:

"By the way, young friend, it is understood, of course, that if you sink or
wreck the Slug, you must pay damages."

"Certainly, if we lose the yacht, you shall be paid for it," Jack answered,
feeling rather indignant at the suggestion.

[Illustration: THE BOYS ENGAGE THE "SLUG."]

Being directed to the place where the Slug lay, the boys hastened away to
take immediate possession. Johnny stood looking after them until they were
out of sight. Then turning to enter his shop, he soliloquized:

"Well, that beats all! The idea of hiring a boat without seeing it, and not
caring to have it to sail close to the wind! I suppose, of course, those
chaps can swim." And with an ominous shake of the head, Johnny resumed his
carriage-making.

Our heroes found their prize lying in a little cove just above the bridge.
The Slug was a flat-bottomed center-board boat, fifteen feet long, five
feet across the stern, and narrowing gradually to a point at the bows. A
more clumsy sail-boat was never seen. But Jack only noticed the two large
lockers, and with unbounded satisfaction, remarked to his cousin:

"We can stow away a big stock of provisions in those boxes, Cliff."

It was Friday, so the two boys decided to give the "yacht" a short
trial-trip down to the Highlands and back. In that way they would become
familiar with the boat, and on Monday morning would be ready to start on a
week's cruise. It chanced that a flood-tide was just beginning when the
lads shoved the Slug well out into the river, while the wind was blowing a
brisk gale straight down-stream, the very direction in which the boys
wished to go. Clifford was enough of a sailor to step the little mast and
properly set the leg-of-mutton sail for a breeze directly astern. With a
strong wind behind her, and only a weak tide opposing, it was not
surprising that the Slug made a progress quite satisfactory to the two
amateur yachtsmen. As the tide increased in force, however, the boat went
slower and slower, and it was six o'clock when the Highlands "hove in
sight," as Jack said--having learned that and other nautical terms from his
story-books. On finding how late it was, Clifford remarked:

"We'd better be making for home."

The boys managed to put the Slug about, and very soon Jack ascertained that
there were times when it was an advantage to have a boat able to sail close
to the wind; for, as the breeze still blew down-stream, Clifford found it
simply impossible to beat up the river in the Slug. The truth was, the only
"proper conditions" under which Johnny Peltsman's boat would sail at all
were those of going straight before the wind!

[Illustration: "'HOW CAN YOU SLEEP?' ASKED CLIFFORD."]

Clifford told Jack that they must "row the old tub back to Mud Flat," and
both boys pluckily bent to the work. It was hard work, too. The oars were
long and heavy, the boat was as unwieldy as a raft of logs, and at length
Jack exclaimed:

"It seems to me, Cliff, that the scenery along this river is very
monotonous. We passed just such banks and houses as those over there, ten
minutes ago."

Clifford threw a hurried glance shoreward, looked down at the water, and
immediately pulled his oar into the boat, saying:

"The fates are against us, Jack. In spite of our pulling and tugging, we
are actually drifting down-stream. The tide has turned; it's dead against
us, and so is the wind. It would take a Cunarder to tow this miserable scow
back to Mud Flat, now."

"What's to be done?" asked Jack, suddenly realizing that they might be
swept out into the bay, where the whitecaps gave evidence that a very high
sea would be encountered.

"Neither of us can swim very far," said Clifford. "Our only chance is to
land on that little island, yonder. Luckily we're drifting straight toward
it."

Favored by the current, the boat was carried close to the sand-bar of the
island, and by a vigorous use of the oars they were able to bring their
craft safely to land.

"We'll have to stay here until slack water," said Clifford, "and then
perhaps we can row across to the shore. The next slack will be about
midnight, so we'd better camp here and take advantage of to-morrow
morning's slack. Then we can cross to the Highlands Landing, a short
distance below here, and go back by steamboat. The Seabird will tow the
Slug home for us."

"All right; I'll stand by you," laconically answered Jack.

They at once set about gathering grass and sea-weed with which to make a
bed, intending to use the Slug's sail for a covering. After a couch had
been arranged to their satisfaction, the two friends strolled around their
domain, which they found to be a little larger than a city lot. During
their walk, the boys caught four or five soft-shell crabs, which the
epicurean Jack prudently stowed away in one of the lockers.

The mosquitoes had troubled the lads greatly from the moment they landed on
the sand-island; and, as they had no matches and could not make a "smudge,"
they soon decided to "turn in" as Jack technically stated. But then the
vicious insects attacked their victims in clouds, until the boys were
forced to cover their heads and hands completely with the sail; and in that
uncomfortable condition they finally fell asleep.

It seemed but a short time to Clifford before he became conscious of a
stinging, smarting sensation on his face that was almost unbearable, and he
awoke to find that he was literally covered with swarms of the poisonous
little pests, while Jack, snugly rolled up in the sailcloth of which he had
taken complete possession in his sleep, snored loudly.

Slapping, brushing, and shaking off his tormentors, Clifford punched his
companion and exclaimed:

"How can you sleep through this?"

"Oh, _I'm_ all right," answered Jack, in smothered tones.

"Well, _I'm_ not!" growled Clifford, as he sprang to his feet and proceeded
to spend the few hours until daybreak in battle with his small but
ferocious enemies.

At sunrise, the castaways refreshed themselves with a prolonged bath; and
then, hungry as bears, they impatiently waited for slack water, when they
sprang into the Slug, and by long and hard work, at last reached the
mainland not far above the Highlands.

[Illustration: "THE TWO HUNGRY LADS WERE SOON DISPATCHING THEIR
BREAKFAST."]

An investigation of their finances showed the boys that they had, together,
exactly sixty-five cents. With that sum, therefore, they had to provide a
breakfast, pay steamboat fares home, and meet unknown incidental expenses.
A little shop was soon found where coffee, butter, and a roll would be
furnished to each boy for thirty cents. Their fares home would amount to
twenty cents; and the boys decided to take the chance that fifteen cents
would prove adequate to the unforeseen. Remembering the soft-shell crabs in
the locker, Clifford induced the good-natured landlady to cook them
"without extra charge;" and soon the two hungry lads were dispatching their
thirty-cent breakfast, which included fried potatoes, also "donated" by the
kind-hearted hostess.

At ten o'clock on that eventful Saturday morning, the young navigators
re-embarked and dropped down with the tide to the steamboat landing at the
Highlands.

The boys soon saw the Seabird plowing her way to the landing. When she had
landed, the Slug was quickly made fast to the stern of the larger boat, and
ere long the steamer was bearing them homeward.

Seated well forward on the upper deck, the boys were congratulating
themselves on being at last free from all anxiety, when suddenly they were
startled by loud cries from the stern of the steamboat:

"Hi! Hi! You lads who own the little boat astern! Hurry! quick! quick!
She's sinking! she's sinking!"

Running to the spot whence came those warning shouts; Clifford and Jack
looked down at the Slug and saw that the small center-board had been thrown
entirely out of its trunk by the force of the water which had been churned
to a white foam under the huge paddle-wheels of the Seabird,--and a broad
stream pouring through this opening into their "yacht" threatened each
moment to swamp it.

"Bother that yacht! She's going to haunt us all our lives!" cried Jack, in
dismay; but Clifford, taking in the state of affairs at a glance, ran to
the lower deck, and with one stroke of his pocket-knife cut the Slug's
painter, and then the two boys silently and sadly watched their boat drop
far behind in the fan-shaped wake of the larger vessel.

"She may be picked up by some one alongshore, but, more likely, she'll go
to the bottom," thoughtfully remarked Clifford.

"I don't believe it," said Jack; "that yacht will never sink! She will be
turning up against us all through life, bringing trouble and disgrace."

In due time, the boys arrived at the Goodmaid homestead, where they
received a warm welcome from Clifford's aunt, who had almost begun to fear
that her young guests were at the bottom of the Shrewsbury.

On Monday morning, bright and early, the two boys started down the left
bank of the river to find their boat. They found it after an hour's walk.
It had been hauled out upon the beach. The Slug had been sighted and
recovered by a farmer living alongshore. After paying two dollars as
salvage, Jack asked the farmer concerning the best way of getting the boat
home.

"There are three ways," answered the man, thoughtfully. "The first is to
wait till there's a hurricane blowing straight up the river, when perhaps
you can sail up. The second is to hire me to row her up. And the third is
to let me put the boat on my lumber wagon, and haul it up to Mud Flat."

"Of the three, which would be best?" persisted Jack.

"Well," replied the farmer, "you may have to wait weeks for the hurricane;
I will haul the boat for two dollars; and I will undertake to row it up the
river--(though, understand, I don't say how long I shall be about it)--but
row her up I will, somehow, and charge you only two hundred and fifty
dollars for the job. And that's very cheap, I can tell you, for I know that
boat!"

It is hardly necessary to say that the boys decided that the Slug should go
home on wheels, provided they might ride, too, without increase of pay. By
the use of rollers, an inclined plane and levers, the boat was safely
hoisted upon the wagon. The farmer occupied the bow, and Jack and Cliff
each sat on a thwart.

And now, for the first time in her history, the Slug was under complete
control. The whip cracked, the horses strained at their collars, the wheels
rolled, and away went Jack's "yacht," trundling homeward. The road led past
the Goodmaid farm, and over the long bridge crossing the Shrewsbury. As
they neared the farm, the boys raised a shout, and Caesar, Jack's mongrel
and mischievous dog, leaving the peacock for a moment, came bounding out to
meet them.

True to his nature, he at once began a series of noisy gambols about the
farmer's young and high-spirited horses. But soon wearying of that harmless
jumping at the wagon, the dog suddenly ran under the forward wheels, and
sprang at the long fetlocks of the "near" horse.

Like a flash, the team made a wild plunge, and dashed down the road. The
wagon was jerked from beneath the Slug, and the boat and its passengers
fell heavily to the ground. The anchor, dropping between the wagon-box and
a wheel, became firmly fixed; while the line to which the anchor was
attached, being good manilla rope, was uncoiled and dragged after the
horses with great rapidity.

Fortunately, the boys and the driver had time to jump out of the "yacht"
before the anchor-rope was all "paid out," and so, with the exception of a
bad shaking-up and a few bruises, they suffered no injury from their
unceremonious disembarking. But the sudden fall had "broken the backbone"
of the Slug, as Jack expressed it; and, as if that were not enough, the
poor boat, as it hung by the painter, was swung, bumped, knocked, and
dragged along, until it was literally reduced to fragments. There was
scarcely a residence in all Mud Flat that did not have, long afterward,
some satisfactory reminder of the last cruise of the Slug.

But all agreed that the old boat had one virtue--it made famous firewood!

[Illustration: THE GREAT SPRING-BOARD ACT.--BY THE ENTIRE COMPANY.]




WONDERS OF THE ALPHABET.

BY HENRY ECKFORD

FIFTH PAPER


In tracing back our letters, we now have reached Chalkis, where the
Phoenicians under Kadmus taught the Greeks their letters. A funny thing
occurred to the wise men who ferreted out all these facts. They could read
Greek, and they could read Hebrew, and the strange likeness between many of
the names for the letters in the two languages made it certain that in some
way they were related or connected. But what meant those letters on rocks,
metal vases, and earthenware jars that we now call Phoenician? Single
letters looked like Greek letters distorted; but the words would not read
as Greek. Nor would they read as Hebrew, although the characters appeared
to have some connection with Hebrew. Greek is written like our writing,
from left to right; but Hebrew, Arabic, and Persian are written from right
to left. So, in those languages a book begins where our books end. It was
found, too, that the Hebrew writing now in use is very different externally
from that used by David and Solomon, although the names and general shape
of the letters are the same. Have you ever seen a Hebrew Bible? The
alphabet in which the Old Testament was originally written looked very
different from that which the Jews now use in their Bibles; it was much
nearer the Phoenician in appearance.

For a long time it never dawned on men's minds that perhaps the Phoenician
way of writing, from right to left, was not followed by the Greeks; but at
last they remembered that in very early times the lines of Greek writing
were made to read alternately from right to left and from left to right.
Such inscriptions were called _boustrephedon_ ("turning like oxen in
plowing"), because the letters had to be read as the oxen move from furrow
to furrow in the field that they plow, first one way, then the other. That
gave the needed clew.

After all, if we do not connect letters one to the other, as in running
handwriting, does it make much difference whether we set the separate
letters down in a sequence which begins at the right and ends at the left,
or in one that begins at the left and ends at the right? Some nations, like
the Chinese and Tartars, find it convenient to write signs _under_ each
other. The Egyptians used to write in at least three several directions,
namely, downwards, from right to left, and from left to right. Generally
one can tell how to read hieroglyphs in Egyptian and Mexican manuscripts by
noting the direction of the faces of animals and persons pictured, and then
reading in the opposite direction. Sometimes Egyptian hieroglyphs were
engraved one upon the other, like a monogram.

Well, putting some or all of these facts together, it suddenly flashed on
some one that the oldest Greek letters might be nothing more or less than
the Phoenician letters turned the other way. And when they came to examine
the very oldest Greek inscriptions to be found, they discovered that this
was the main difference between the two! The Greeks had borrowed the
Phoenician letters and merely added some new characters to express sounds
peculiar to their own tongue and neglected others that were of no service.

It was this alphabet that the Greek-Phoenicians brought to Italy. When,
centuries later, Latins and Sabines and Etruscans and Oscans, banded
together and formed the great city of Rome, it was this alphabet they
inherited from their forefathers. Several of the letters which the
Etruscans thought necessary to express sounds in their language, were
dropped before the Romans came to power and produced their great poets and
essayists.

So, now you know how the alphabet came to you, which the Irish monks taught
our heathen forefathers. It came through the Latins from the people of
Boeotia, or Greeks, who learned it from the Phoenicians.

But that great mercantile people, the Phoenicians, also left to the nations
near their old home in Palestine, the same precious gift of an alphabet.
Very old inscriptions in Hebrew, lately found, are seen to be written in
almost the same alphabet as the Phoenician. Perhaps you are beginning to
wonder how many peoples there are who owe their letters to that old
sea-folk who were the traders, pirates, and buccaneers of the
Mediterranean! There is the Hebrew, which people have called the alphabet
of God, because the Holy Scriptures were written in it, and which was also
used by magicians for their amulets and talismans; there is the Greek, in
which the epics of Homer, the long poems of Hesiod, and the rhapsodies of
Pindar were taken down; there is the Latin, in which all the wisdom of the
ancients reached us; and there are all the differing alphabets, printed
characters, and script handwritings of Europe and America! In fact, I could
not tell you here, so numerous are they, the names of all the languages in
Asia, Africa, Europe, and America, that were and are written in some
alphabet, which traces its descent from the twenty-two Phoenician letters.

The connection between Greek and Phoenician is much easier to believe than
that Arabic, a sentence of which you see here represented, should be also a
writing derived from the Phoenician. Arabic letters are used by so large a
portion of the inhabitants of the earth that it stands second among the
great national, or rather, the great religious alphabets of the world. Some
of you know, I suppose, that Mohammed was a very wise and imaginative Arab
of an important though poor tribe of Arabia Felix. He was a great poet and
statesman; he had visions and called himself the Prophet of God. He wrote
the Koran, which is used by an immense multitude of men as their only
law-book and Bible. The dialect which he and his clan used became, through
the spread of his doctrines, the standard, first for all Arabia, and then
for all the enormous countries a hundred times larger than Arabia which his
disciples and their followers won by force of arms.

[Illustration: This Arabic sentence is a famous inscription upon the
colonnade of one of the great mosques at Jerusalem. The mosque is known as
the "Dome of the Rock," and it is thought to stand upon a portion of the
site of the great Jewish Temple. This inscription is placed near the great
southern door of the mosque. It is in one continuous line, however, instead
of two as represented in this fac-simile. It reads from right to left, and
is thus translated: "This dome was built by the servant of God, Abd
[allah-el-Imam-al-Mamun, E] mir of the Faithful, in the year seventy-two.
May God be well pleased, and be satisfied with him. Amen."]

Of course the alphabet he used did not spring up suddenly. It was handed
down from the early times of the Phoenicians, and gradually became so
changed in most of the letters that you would hardly believe they had ever
been the same as the Phoenician letters. Writers of it were so careless, or
so proud of being able to read and write when the mass of their neighbors
were ignorant, that, neglectfully or intentionally, they allowed many
letters to become almost like one another. In the Arabic, Turkish, and
Persian languages, it is hard to tell a number of the letters apart. In
order to distinguish them, later writers devised a set of dots, like the
dot over our small i. The same difficulty occurred among the Hebrews, whose
wise men seemed to enjoy making writing hard to write and to read. Another
reason why Arabic is hard to make out is because many of the letters change
their forms according as they stand alone (unconnected), or stand at the
beginning of a word (initial), or in between two other letters (connected)
or at the end of a word (final). Think of having to distinguish the same
letter under four different forms! What a bother to the children of the
Arabs, Turks, and Persians as they sit tailor-fashion, or kneel patiently
on the floor, their shoes left outside the threshold, while the
school-master flourishes his rod over their puzzled noddles, or raps the
soles of their tired little feet!

Now Arabic letters and Hebrew, too, if you try to trace them back to
Phoenician, are found to have passed through the hands of a people who
occupied the high lands of Asia Minor, where the two great "rivers of
Babylon," the Euphrates and the Tigris, begin to run their course. This
land was called Aram and the ancient language spoken there, the Aramaic.
Between Phoenician and Aramaic the connection is close. The Aramaic took
the place of the Phoenician language, when the Phoenicians were edged out
of Palestine westward over the Mediterranean. So we see that Arabic, which
looks so strange and is so elegant and fantastic when embroidered on
banners or traced on tiles or written on the beautiful mulberry-leaf paper
of the Orient, really uses, in the main, the same alphabet that looks so
plain and simple on the page you are reading!

[Illustration: PERSIAN SENTENCE.]

Both Phoenician and Aramaic were in all probability spoken and written in
Palestine and Aram. It was in Aramaic, too, that the words of Christ and
his apostles were spoken; and a few of the actual words are still retained
in the New Testament, for example "Talitha cumi," meaning "Maid, arise!" It
was probably Aramaic that prevailed also in the great capitals of
Mesopotamia, while the rich and haughty kings of Babylonia and Assyria were
using on their stone and plaster images and in their queer books of
inscribed and baked brick, the writing that is called "cuneiform." It is so
called because the letters appear to to be formed of little _cunei_,
wedges, or nails. "Arrow-headed writing" is another name for it. Look well
at this curious writing made by engraving on brick. Several different
languages have been written in it.

[Illustration: SPECIMEN OF CUNEIFORM WRITING.]




A DIFFERENCE OF OPINION.

BY LILIAN DYNEVOR RICE


  I.

  Six sturdy lads lay curled up in their beds
  When the Birthday of Freedom had faded to night,
  With burns on their fingers and pains in their heads,
  And scarred like the heroes of many a fight.
  But, strange to relate, as all sleepless they lay,
  Though ten from the steeple had chimed loud and clear,
  They sighed: "What a perfectly glorious day!
  Too bad it can only come once in the year!"

  II.

  The six patient mothers, who loved the six boys,
  Were resting at last, now the daylight was done;
  For, with the wild racket and riot and noise,
  No peace had been theirs since the dawn of the sun.
  And they sighed, as they said in the weariest way
  (And full cause had they for their feelings, I fear):
  "This has been _such_ a terrible, ear-splitting day!
  How lucky it only comes once in the year!"

[Illustration: THE LEOPARD BROUGHT TO BAY BY WILD DOGS.]




WILD HUNTERS.

BY JOHN R. CORYELL.


Everybody knows the old story of the father who taught his sons to be
united by showing them a bundle of sticks. Taken together, the sticks could
not be broken; but taken singly, they were snapped in two very quickly.

The wild dogs of South Africa, like the bundle of sticks, furnish an
example of the value of unity. A single wild dog is not very formidable,
but a pack of wild dogs is the dread of every living creature in the part
of Africa where they dwell; and more persevering, savage, and relentless
hunters do not exist.

The wild dog has keen scent, quick intelligence, great powers of endurance,
and great speed; so that, however swift may be the animal pursued, it has
cause to fear this tireless hunter. Indeed, the wild dog never seems to
take into consideration the size, strength, or agility of its game. Even
the lion, it is said, has learned to dread those small hunters, which seem
to have no fear of death, but rush with fierce courage to attack the mighty
monarch himself, should he be so unlucky as to become the object of their
pursuit.

One traveler tells of having witnessed the pursuit and destruction of a
large leopard by a pack of wild dogs. Whether or not the dogs had set out
with the intention of capturing the leopard, he could not tell. He saw them
start up the great cat in a low jungle. The leopard made no effort at first
to fight off its assailants; but, with a series of prodigious springs,
sought shelter in the only refuge the plain afforded--a tree which had
partially fallen.

There the hunted beast stood, snarling and growling in a manner that would
have frightened off any ordinary foe. The savage dogs, however, never
hesitated a moment, but with agile leaps ran up the sloping trunk, and gave
instant battle to their furious game. One after another, the dogs were
hurled back, each stroke of the terrible paw making one foe the less. Yet
they continued to throw themselves against the enraged creature, until,
wearied by the contest and wounded in fifty places, it fell from the tree;
when, still struggling, it was quickly torn to pieces.

It must not be supposed, however, that the wild dog usually prefers as
formidable game as the leopard. A sheep-fold is always an attraction too
great for the wild dog to pass.

And now, after calling this wild hunter a dog, I shall have to say that it
is not a dog at all, but is only a sort of cousin to the dog, and really a
nearer relative of the hyena, though it so resembles both animals as to
have gained the name of hyena-dog. Its scientific name is _Lycaon
venaticus_; and besides the two common names already mentioned, it has half
a dozen more.

Being neither dog nor hyena, and yet akin to both, it is one of those
strange forms of the animal creation which naturalists call "links." It has
four toes, like the hyena, while it has teeth like the dog's.

Some attempts have been made to tame it, so as to gain the use of its
wonderful powers of hunting; but none of these efforts have yet been
successful, because of the suspicious nature of the animal. It seems to
feel that every offer of kindness or familiarity is a menace to its
liberty.




THE THEORETIC TURTLE.

BY A. R. W.


[Illustration]

  The theoretic turtle started out to see the toad;
  He came to a stop at a liberty-pole in the middle of the road.
  "Now how, in the name of the spouting whale," the indignant turtle cried,
  "Can I climb this perpendicular cliff, and get on the other side?
  If I only could make a big balloon, I'd lightly over it fly;
  Or a very long ladder might reach the top, though it does look fearfully
    high.
  If a beaver were in my place, he'd gnaw a passage through with his teeth;
  I can't do that, but I can dig a tunnel and pass beneath."
  He was digging his tunnel, with might and main, when a dog looked down at
    the hole.
  "The easiest way, my friend," said he, "is to walk around the pole."




NAN'S REVOLT.

BY ROSE LATTIMORE ALLING.

CHAPTER I


There was a gentlemanly raising of hats and a womanly fluttering of skirts
at the Ferrises' door. The hats were borne down the dark avenue, and could
be seen, occasionally, swinging briskly along under the light of successive
lampposts. They were very stylish hats.

The skirts made a soft scurrying sound as they rustled upstairs, and along
the dim hall, disappearing into the rooms of their owners. They were very
dainty skirts.

Nan closed her door, turned up the gas, stood a moment pouting at herself
in the glass, pulled the wilted roses from her belt with an impatient jerk,
tossed her pretty evening dress across a chair, exchanged her boots for a
pair of slippers, and stole noiselessly into Evelyn's room to talk over the
party with that dear sister and Cathy, who was staying with them, as a
guest.

She found those two persons waiting for her, while they straightened out
the fingers of their long gloves.

"Well, girls," began Nan, seating herself lazily upon the middle of the
bed, "there is just one solitary comfort left after an utterly stupid
evening like this: you can express your feelings to your dearest friends,
and here I am to express!"

"Go on, then," sighed her sister, ruefully examining a stain on her fan;
"but don't speak too loud or you will waken the household."

"Oh, you needn't be afraid, Evelyn; I'm not in one of my fire-cracker
moods. No, I'm cool; I have the calmness of stern resolve; I speak from
that tranquil height which lies beyond emotion!" declaimed Nan, pulling out
the hairpins from her artistic coils.

"What notion have you in your busy head now? Hasten to divulge, for it is
very late," suggested Cathy.

"Late! who cares? I shall save years of sleep by wasting this midnight's
gas!" and Nan showed a gleam of fire in her eye as she gave the pillow a
vindictive thump.

"Well," yawned Cathy, "proceed at once"; and forthwith the audience curled
itself up on the lounge, regarding the speaker with expectant amusement,
while she, after finishing off an intricate pattern in hairpins, thus
began:

"Ahem--ladies--the subject of society in general and parties in particular,
ladies and gentlemen," waving her hand toward sundry photographs standing
about on Evelyn's writing-desk, "has been under consideration for some
time. _Ergo_, _I_ don't go to another one! So there! That's settled. From
this time forth I shall proceed to enjoy life in a rational way."

With this conclusion to her rapid speech, she scattered her design over the
bedspread with one destructive finger, and flashed upon her hearers two
bright, snapping eyes, showing that she was in earnest, despite her
nonsense.

Cathy gasped, while Evelyn exclaimed:

"Why, Nan, what happened? Didn't you have a gay time?"

This remark set Nan off, like a match to powder.

"_Gay?_ Oh, bewilderingly, intensely gay! Yes, it was just that--'gay,' and
nothing more. The party was all right, indeed better than most, from a high
moral point of view, for my hair staid in curl and my gloves didn't burst;
I danced with the most stylish goose in the room; I ate an ice with
conceited Tom Lefferts in the conservatory; I opened and shut my fan and
smiled and raised my eyebrows the requisite number of times to produce the
effect of having a delightful time! Oh--

  'I would not pass another such an eve,
  Though 't were to buy a world of happy days.'"

This vivid speech was uttered in irony so cold that it would have been
quite thrilling if Nan hadn't given the pillow another vehement poke in the
middle, which made its four corners swell up in stiff remonstrance.

"Goodness!" exclaimed Cathy, with a laugh, "what in the world are you going
to do about it, Nan? There is a full supply of nonsense in the world, I
admit, but we can't reform the feature of the time, and we must have some
fun----"

"_Fun!_" interrupted Nan hotly. "Who is objecting to fun? Who loves fun
better than I? But who has fun at these shows? Did you have a really happy
time to-night, Cathy? Own up now. You know that, when the flutter is over,
you can't remember one single thing worth remembering. Does it pay?"

"But we can't help it. What are you going to do--turn blue-stocking or
prig, Nannie, love?" mildly inquired Evelyn.

"'Prig'--'blue-stocking'--no, I hate the very words," said Nan, adding,
"I'm seeking just what you are; the only difference is, _I'm_ going to get
it and you are not. But go on, sweet children, go on giving your hair extra
frizzlings, go on smiling divinely at vapid nothings, and eating numberless
plates of cream--it is a noble future to contemplate! But let me tell you,
deluded creatures, that you will drag home just so many times neither
benefited nor amused, and the last state of all such will be worse than the
first. Let us weep!"

[Illustration: THE GIRLS DISCUSS THE PARTY.]

And now the poor pillow went flying off upon the floor, while Nan laughed
at her own peroration.

Her spell-bound hearers gave two gigantic sighs, while Cathy seized a
cologne-bottle to restore Evelyn, who reclined tragically upon the lounge,
feigning to be completely overcome.

After they had succeeded in controlling their emotions, Cathy said in a
wailing voice:

"Yes, Nan, I have a realizing sense that you are more than half right; for
I do believe that, when, after such an evening, I survey my giddy self in
the glass, I sigh more often than I smile."

Nan, who was venting her yet unspent spite in braiding her hair into tight
little curls, gave her head an emphatic nod and declared her fell intention
of finding some way out of her slough of despond. Then as the last braid
dwindled to three hairs, she descended from the platform, and thus
concluded:

"Ladies and gentlemen, thanking you for your kind attention, I beg leave to
announce that there will be another solemn conclave in regard to this vital
subject, on the side veranda, to-morrow morning at ten o'clock. Good-night,
you dear old things, you are nearly asleep, and I've wearied you more than
did that wretched party. Why, no! Cathy's eyes are wide open! Mercy on us,
Cathy thinks she's thinking! Go on, dear, it wont harm you at all."

[Illustration: "NAN LAY IN THE HAMMOCK THINKING."]

With this parting fling, she hopped to the door, holding in her hand one
slipper, which she waved tragically, exclaiming, "Farewell, base world!"
and was gone.

"What a girl she is!" said Evelyn, as the audience unbent itself. "She
didn't give me a chance to agree with or to combat her theories; but, do
you know, I am tired of it, too, just as much as Nan is, only she has vigor
enough to rebel at the thraldom of her bright, natural self, while I keep
on and on from mere inertia."

"Well," said Cathy, slowly winding her watch, "I _was_ thinking, as Nan
said--but it is one o'clock, and I shall not say another word until
to-morrow."




CHAPTER II


The bell in St. Luke's steeple rang out the stroke for three-quarters after
nine in the morning. Nan lay in the hammock, gazing up through the woodbine
of the before-mentioned side veranda. The leaves were beginning to turn
maroon and russet; but evidently she was not looking at these, for her
pretty eyes were taking in a wider angle of light. In truth, there was a
deep little wrinkle between her eyebrows, which implied deep thought.

However, as the bell began on its ten strokes, she withdrew her stare from
the far, unseen horizon, rolled out of the hammock, came down hard on her
two trim boots, stood up straight, and gazed the landscape o'er.

"Not a girl in sight," she said to herself, with an amused laugh; "I
believe the silly things are afraid of me; maybe they think I have become
one of those reformers--oh me, how shy girls are of a _cause_! Well,
anyhow, I have one, or rather a _be_ cause, and they must give me a fair
hearing, though I must be wiser than a whole collection of serpents." She
had reflected thus far, when she espied a blue eye peeping around the
corner of the bay-window.

"Oh, Cathy!" she shouted; "oh, you perfidious foe! Come here! Where are the
girls?"

Cathy brought the companion eye into view, and finally two other pairs
appeared, accompanied by their respective owners, Evelyn carrying a basket
of grapes. How merry they were, and how they laughed in that contagious
girl-fashion as they encamped about Nan! They made a group charming to
behold, and they seemed capable of tossing anybody's blues away as easily
as they now threw grape-skins into the sunny air. But they were not
remarkable in any respect; they had their full share of graces and defects,
of assorted sizes, both of feature and character. No one of them was in the
least a heroine; but the group was very like any other group that might
have been found in many neighborhoods, on that pleasant September morning.

Bert Mitchell, who was the only addition to the party of the night before,
ensconced herself in the hammock with Cathy Drake. The two girls differed
from each other in many respects, but were great friends, as is often the
case.

Bert, who was never called Bertha, as she declared in extravagant phrase
that she "perfectly loathed the name," was tall and cheery, with fine eyes,
a mass of brown hair, and a voice a trifle loud. But the girls forgave her
that; and whenever she began to speak, they would always listen, assured of
hearing something bright. But her most characteristic feature was her
hands. They were white and shapely, but she had a curious way of carrying
them--as though she had just put them on for the first time, and was trying
different effects with them. The girls laughingly cried, "Long may they
wave!" and liked her all the same. She had an abundance of settled
convictions on every possible subject,--"positive opinions hot at all
hours," Cathy's brother Fred said of her,--and she was therefore always in
a definite mood, and very good company.

If, as some say, beauty is tested by the ability to wear one's hair combed
straight back without being a scarecrow, Cathy, of all the girls, came
nearest to being pretty, for she, and she alone, enjoyed the luxury of an
even temper during high winds, damp days, and a vacation at the seashore.
Her forehead was broad and calm, her eyes were blue and calm, and her mouth
was sweet and calm. She was not positive about anything, which greatly
irritated her friend Bert, who, indeed, flew into a comical passion one
day, over her failure to arouse Cathy. Shaking her, she exclaimed, "Will
nothing on earth move you! _Do_ get angry--at something or some one!--at
me!--at anything! Haven't you any depths in you? If you have, stir them
up!"

Cathy raised her crescent brows, and a faint color crept into her smooth
cheek as she quietly said: "Depths don't stir, my dear; and if stirred from
the top, they are apt only to get muddy, you know. However, I'd like to
accommodate you by getting furiously angry--at you, for instance; this is
an inviting opportunity, and I don't know that I ought to miss it--but
somehow it doesn't seem worth while." And even the obstreperous Bert was
silenced by this covert thrust.

When they all had settled themselves into various cozy attitudes, Bert
demanded to know the object of the caucus. "I hope it is something
interesting, for nothing but a command from you would have induced me to
crawl out this morning," she yawned, as she adjusted a sofa-pillow for her
comfort.

Cathy murmured, "Hear! Hear!" but was evidently more absorbed in Evelyn's
explanation of a new Kensington stitch.

Nan rapped sharply with the handle of a tennis racquet, and requested
order. Then she gave a little cough, tossed the grape-vine over her
shoulder, and began:

"Fellow-citizens! I come before you on this auspicious occasion to declare
treason--treason to the tyrant commonly called 'polite society.' I've come
to the solemn conclusion that it is about time I began to prepare to live."

She was at this point interrupted by a groan, and Bert asked:

"Why, aren't you alive, Nan? I am. Life so far is a great success, and it
is all your own fault if you don't think so too. You have all the
conveniences for having an uncommonly favored existence, if you only
_insisted_ on thinking so."

But Nan retorted: "That's just it--_if_ one could only think so! Aye,
there's the rub. This is the place for tears. Oh, dear!--I can't whip my
thoughts into obedience to my will as you can, Bert. I have, as you say,
all the so-called 'opportunities' for having a so-called 'fine time,' and
when I am old and gray, no one can say that I did not improve them with
unflagging diligence. But I don't really enjoy myself, and I don't believe
you do either--only you'll never own to it. Now, girls, honor bright, do
you honestly think we amount to much? Are we getting the most out of life?"

The impressiveness of the moment was ruined by the arrival of a green
grape, plump upon the speaker's nose.

Nan was good-natured enough to laugh with the rest, as she gave it a
well-directed aim back at Bert.

At this point Evelyn rescued the meeting from total disorder, by boldly
announcing: "Stay, girls! I agree with Nan, so far as I know what she
means. Oh, she was sublime last night! I wilted under the heat of her
eloquence, and I proclaim myself her humble follower."

At this encouragement, Nan administered a smothering hug to her noble
champion; but suddenly she seemed to change her tactics from harangue to
intrigue, for, helping herself to a bunch of Dianas, she said languidly:

"Well, the curbed lion of my spirit was rampant last night, for I had a
very inane time at that party--or perhaps I ate too much of the lemon
streak of my Neapolitan ice; at all events, I was rash enough to declare
war to the knife on all inducements from the giddy world again."

"But you will go to the next party as usual," interrupted Bert, as she left
the hammock. "You will go every time, my dear; you can't help it; it is
inevitable fate; so you'd better calm down and meditate on your next gown."

"Ah, Bert! You've said it now!" almost shouted Nan. "_That's_ the very
point! Is it 'inevitable fate' that we go on and on? I want something more
worth the while. Do be patient with me, and let me lay the case before you
as it looks to me. Here we are, every last girl of us out of school, and
doing absolutely nothing. What would we think of young men who dawdled
about at this rate, contenting themselves with a little dusting, arranging
a few flowers, doing a bit of embroidery now and then, and in _very_
energetic moments painting a teacup, but chiefly being 'in society,' and
not earning one square inch even of their manly clothing? Horrors! I
wouldn't recognize such a ninny!"

The silenced audience looked sufficiently awe-struck to encourage Nan to
continue.

"Now, are we one whit more to be envied, just because we are girls? Wake
up, Bert! And now that I'm awake myself, I think I shall actually blush the
next time Father pays me my allowance."

"Well, girls, Nan is in earnest," said Evelyn. "Cathy and I were almost set
to thinking by her burning eloquence last night--and I can assure you she
has a scheme on foot; so, as a humble champion, I request an expression
from the meeting, upon certain points. Firstly, all who agree that the
present state of things isn't very satisfying, will please manifest it by
holding up the right hand."

Cathy's gold thimble gleamed in the air. Bert was ostensibly asleep, with
her head against the pillar, but suddenly she sat erect, and said with
great decision:

"I think that you are running your precious heads against a wall--and, I
assure you, the wall doesn't mind it in the least. You are in the world,
and you would better treat it politely or you will get roundly snubbed in
return. As for me, I _must_ meet people. Until Nan or some other
philosopher offers something enticing, _I_ remain true to the ship."

"But suppose we do offer something in its place," said Evelyn, who had
rolled up her work and stuck her needle through it, as though she were
fastening an idea within.

"You are not much of a sinner, so entice away," said Bert, smilingly,
folding her hands.

"Well," Evelyn proceeded with a comical drawl, "let's be a club----"

"Oh, I'm clubbed black and blue now!" gasped Bert; "do try again, sweet
child!"

"Let's be a club," Evelyn repeated severely, "and let us read, or study, or
work, with all the might that is in us."

Meanwhile, the clouds had been clearing from Nan's brow, and now she called
out delightedly:

"You are getting 'warm', as we used to say when we played 'hunt the
thimble'; you are certainly traveling toward milder climes, Evelyn. Yes,
let us do something in earnest--and I know what I'm going to do, too!'

"What? what?" sounded in chorus.

"I'm going--to--earn--my--own--living."

At each emphatic word, Nan bobbed her head in the most decisive manner.
"I'm going to seek my fortune, and I'm going to try to lead a genuine
existence."

The girls sat stunned, with wide open eyes, till Bert suddenly pounded on
the floor with heavy applause, and Evelyn asked breathlessly:

"Why, Nan, has Father failed, or lost anything?"

"No, _he_ hasn't," answered Nan grimly, "but I have. What have I ever done
since I was graduated but drift about, vainly trying to amuse myself. Why,
girls, we have _futures_ before us----"

"No, not _before_ us?" laughed Bert with mock incredulity.

But Nan, undisturbed by Bert's interruption, went calmly on:

"Do we wish to belong to that class of helpless women who are aghast and
powerless if misfortune overtakes them? Do we wish to depend on others all
our lives--even if we have a fair prospect of property of our own" (looking
hard at Bert). "Remember that the wheel of Fortune turns once in most
lives, and _I_ shouldn't like to be flattened under it!"

The attention of her hearers was suddenly startled by an exclamation from
Bert, who stood up, with both hands at her heart, in apparent agony.
Recovering, however, with astonishing alacrity, she murmured: "Oh, it is
nothing--nothing but a barbed arrow driven home."

And with this mysterious remark, she settled her hat, declared it was
dinner-time, and, refusing to explain her unwonted reserve, laughingly tore
herself away.

(_continued_)




THE PUSSIES' COATS.

[Illustration]


    O pussies dear,
    It's very queer
  That you wear your fur coats all the year!

    Mamma, in May,
    Put hers away.
  I should think you'd be too warm to play.




THE KELP-GATHERERS.

[_A Story of the Maine Coast._]

BY J. T. TROWBRIDGE.

CHAPTER VI.

CAMPING ON THE BEACH.


The kelp-gatherers, with their tip-cart and ox-team, had in the meanwhile
entered the belt of woods which stretched along the coast, back from the
sea. Tall trees rose on both sides of the narrow, sandy road, their tops
meeting overhead. There was on the outskirts a scanty undergrowth, which,
however, soon disappeared, leaving the open aisles of the forest, with here
a brown carpet of pine-needles, and there a patch of bright moss.

The sun was going down. The spots and flickers of wine-colored light
vanished from the boughs. The long bars of shadow, cast by the great
trunks, became merged in one universal shade, and evening shut down upon
the woods.

Soon another sound mingled with that of the wind sweeping through the pines
and firs. It was the roar of the sea.

The boys were more quiet now, the solemn scene filling their hearts with
quiet joy. The large trees soon gave place to a smaller and thicker growth
of spruce and balsam, the boughs of which now and then touched the
cart-wheels as they passed. Somewhere in the dim wilderness, a thrush piped
his evening song.

"Hark!" said Perce. "I heard something besides a bird. Is somebody
calling?"

"A loon," said Moke.

"A loon out on the water," said Poke. "The sea is just off here."

They soon had glimpses of it through openings among the trees. But now the
sound of it became louder; the woods, too, moaned like another sea in the
wind, and the cries were no longer heard.

They came out upon a spot of low grassy ground behind the sand-hills. There
was a fresh-water pool near by. Perce thought it a good place for the oxen;
and he turned them out on the road-side. Mrs. Murcher's boarding-house was
in sight.

"Suppose I run up there and find Olly before it gets any darker," said
Perce. "You can be unhitching the steers from the cart, and getting 'em
around in a good place to feed. Fasten 'em to the cart-wheel by this rope;
tie it in the ring of the yoke. Let 'em drink first."

"All right," said the twins. "Go ahead."

And off Perce ran to summon his friend to their festivities.

The twins turned the cattle into the grass, and then began to make things
ready for their camp and supper; keeping up all the time an incessant
dialogue, which prevented them from hearing again the cries of the supposed
loon, growing fainter and fainter on the distant waves.

Neither did Perce hear them as he hastened along the path in the gloomy
hollow, and mounted the piazza steps. In the hall-door of the
boarding-house, he was met by a tall girl of seventeen, with a fine
brunette complexion, piercing dark eyes, and a high, thin, Roman nose.

Overawed a little by her rather imposing style of dress and features, Perce
took off his cap, and begging her pardon, inquired for Oliver Burdeen.

"Burdeen? Oliver?" she queried. "Oh!" with a pleasant smile, "you mean
Olly!"

"Yes," he replied. "We all call him Olly where he lives, but I wasn't sure
he would be known by that name here."

"He isn't known by any other!" replied the young lady with a laugh. "He's
about, somewhere; I believe he's always about, somewhere! Mrs. Merriman,"
she called to a lady in the parlor, "where's the ubiquitous Olly?"

"I don't know, Amy," replied the lady. "Didn't he go with the gentlemen in
the yacht?"

Amy "almost thought he did"; yet it seemed to her she had seen him that
afternoon; a position of uncertainty on the part of that young lady, which
wouldn't have been highly flattering to the vanity of Master Burdeen, even
if he hadn't been at that moment beyond the reach of flattery.

"Mrs. Murcher can tell you," she said, turning to walk back to the end of
the hall. "She is here, in the dining-room."

Mrs. Murcher thought Olly must be in his room.

"I believe he is going home this evening," she said; "he wants to show his
folks a new suit of clothes that has been given him. I guess he's trying
them on."

"I am a neighbor of his," said Perce. "I am camping on the beach with some
friends; and we want him to join us."

"Well!" exclaimed the landlady, "you can go right up to his room and find
him. It's in the old part of the house; but you'd better go up the front
way; it's lighter."

She was explaining to Perce that he must go up one flight, proceed to the
end of the corridor, and then step down into a lower passage--when the tall
young brunette called over the banisters, "I'll show him!"

He mounted after her; and she threw open the door of what seemed an
unoccupied room, to let more light from its windows into the corridor.

"Be careful not to stumble!" she warned him. "That's his room, right before
you, as you go down those steps."

So saying, she disappeared in some other room, and Perce was left alone in
the dim hall. He paused a moment to get a glimpse of the sea through the
door and window of the room she had opened, which happened to be Mr.
Hatville's room; then he groped his way to Olly's door and knocked.

In a little while, he returned alone to his friends on the beach.

"I couldn't find him," he said. "Mrs. Murcher sent me up to his room, but
he wasn't there; and I went all over the place. Then she said she thought
he must have gone home, to show his folks a new suit of clothes; he had
asked her if he might; but she didn't expect him to go so soon."

"Olly's made, if he's got some new clothes!" said Moke.

"He never would speak to us, after that!" said Poke. "Never mind; we can
'wake Nicodemus' without him."

"Wake Nicodemus!" Moke shouted gleefully, to hear his voice resound in the
woods.

"Wake Nicodemus!" Poke repeated. And the three joined gayly in the chorus
of a song then popular:

  "Now, run and tell Elijah to hurry up Pomp,
   And meet us at the gum-tree down in the swamp,
          To wake Nicodemus to-day!"

The very human biped whose cries had been mistaken for a loon's, heard
their voices wafted to him by the wind--the same wind that was blowing him
farther and farther from the shore.

He screamed again, wildly; but his own voice sounded weaker and weaker,
while the merry chorus still went up from the little camping party on the
beach:

  "Wake Nicodemus to-day!"

The boys sang and chatted as they worked. They made their beds in a hollow
of the windswept dunes, where there would be less annoyance from
mosquitoes than in the shelter of the woods, and spread their hay and
blankets upon the dry sand.

"Besides," said Perce, "the daylight will strike us here, and wake us
early."

"Wake Nicodemus!" laughed Poke.

And then they all burst forth again:

  "Wake Nicodemus to-day!"

The chasing clouds gathered, until the sky was almost completely overcast.
The moon would not rise till late; it became dark rapidly. But as the gloom
of night thickened on land and sea, a little golden flame shot up on the
shore, and grew large and bright as the surrounding shadows became more
dense.

It was the flame of the boys' camp-fire, which they kindled on the seaward
side of the dunes, and fed with rubbish from the high-water mark of the
recent storm. Later tides had not then reached it, and plenty of it was dry
enough to burn.

[Illustration: PERCE AND THE TWINS ON THEIR WAY TO THE BEACH.]

Chips and old shingles, bleached sea-weed, broken planks, strips and slabs
from saw-mills on some far-away river, and other refuse, littered the
strand,--here, a broken lobster-pot which the rolling waves had washed
ashore, and there, a ship's fender, worn smooth, with a fragment of rope
still held in the auger-hole by its knotted end.

Such of this fuel as best suited their immediate purpose the boys gathered
for their fire; and Olly, in his wave-tossed boat, could see their agile
figures running to and fro in the light of the flames.

"There'll be heaps of flood-wood, as well as kelp, for us to gather
to-morrow," said Perce. "Don't put any more on the fire, boys."

"Why not?" asked the twins.

"There's no use wasting it," answered Perce, adding, "We've fire enough.
We'll roast our corn and go to bed, so as to be up early. It'll be high
tide before five to-morrow."

"Then wake Nicodemus!" cried Moke in a gleeful tone.

And again the three boys raised the wild chorus of the old plantation song.

"Olly ought to be here!" said Perce. "He must have gone home by the coast;
and that's the way we missed him."

Even then, but for the noise of the surf and the whistling of the wind,
they might have heard Olly's last screams; and by straining their eyes they
might have seen far out on the gloomy deep a dim object, now rising for a
moment against the line of the evening sky, and now disappearing in a
hollow of the waves.

With hay about their heads to shelter them from the wind, and the light of
their camp-fire gleaming over them, the kelp-gatherers lay under their
blankets, in the hollow of the dunes. They talked or sang until the flames
died to a feeble glimmer, that served to bring out by contrast the
surrounding gloom of sea and land and sky.

"Isn't it dark, though!" exclaimed Perce. "I had no idea it would cloud so.
I believe it is going to rain. Then shan't we be in a fix?"

"It can't rain," said Moke.

"No fear of that," added Poke, in a muffled voice from under his blanket.

"What's the reason?" Perce demanded.

"Uncle Moses said so," replied both the twins together.

"Oh, then, of course it can't!" laughed Perce. "And the wind wont change,
and carry the kelp all off, and land it on some other beach, as it did the
last time I was coming to get sea-weed here. The wind clipped around to the
nor'ard and northeast, and in the morning this beach, that had been covered
with it, was as clean as a whistle; while Coombs's Cove, where there hadn't
been any, was full of it."

"Who's going to wake Nicodemus in the morning?" asked Moke.

"The one who's first awake himself," said Perce. And he sang, the others
joining in:

  "'Wake me up,' was his charge, 'at the first break of day,
    Wake me up for the great jubilee!'"

After that they became silent. The fire died on the beach. The breakers
plunged and drew back, with incessant noise, in the darkness; the wind
moaned in the woods, and whistled among the coarse sparse grass and wild
peas that grew about the dunes. But notwithstanding the strangeness of
their situation, the boys were soon asleep.

Uncle Moses proved a true prophet. There was no rain in the huddling clouds
that at one time overspread the sky. They broke and lifted, and bright
stars peeped from under their heavy lids. Then the moon rose and silvered
them, and shed a strange light upon the limitless, unresting, solitary
waves.




CHAPTER VII.

ADRIFT IN A DORY.


For a long time Olly could see the boys by the light of their camp-fire,
excepting when the tops of the rolling billows hid them from view.

Although too far off at any time to recognize his friends, he made out
snatches of the song then in vogue in his neighborhood; and he believed the
camping party to be Frog-End boys who had come to the beach for kelp.

Sometimes they passed between him and the fire; and finally they stood or
crouched around it, as the wavering flames died down to a bright-red glow
on the shore. To see them so near and so happy--it seemed to him that
everybody was happy who was not paddling desperately in a frail skiff,
against a relentless wind--to hear them singing and shouting, so wholly
unconscious of him in his distress, was intolerable agony.

"Oh, why can't they hear?" he exclaimed, in a voice to the last degree
hoarse with calling for help. "Why couldn't they look this way once? Now it
is too late!"

He was by that time greatly exhausted; for when not signaling and calling,
he had been making frantic efforts to paddle the dory against the wind. At
first he had used the oar-handle, but he found it wholly ineffectual. Then
he had torn up one of the thwarts, but it was too short and too clumsy for
his purpose; and though for a time he seemed to make headway, the distance
from the shore was steadily increasing.

If he could have held the boat in its course, as with a pair of oars, he
might have made progress even with that unwieldly paddle. But he lost time
and strength in shifting it from side to side; and, spite of all he could
do, the wind and the waves would now and then give the light, veering skiff
a turn, and he would suddenly find himself paddling out to sea! However,
those efforts prevented him from being blown speedily out of sight of land.
And when the boys on the beach, after due preparation, stuck their ears of
green corn on the sharpened ends of sticks and roasted them in the fire, he
still kept the little group in view. He had no doubt that they were cooking
their supper. No wonder he wept with despair at the contrast of that
cheerful scene with his own terrible situation!

The fire faded to a red eye of burning coals; all other objects grew
indistinct, excepting the black outline of the woods against the soft
evening red of a rift in the sky, and one pure star brightening in those
ethereal depths. Another starry beam, which he could plainly discern, but
which was too low down for a star, Olly knew must be a light in one of the
upper windows of the boarding-house.

Was it in Mr. Hatville's room? Had he returned and discovered the loss of
his watch? And could poor Olly hope ever to make restitution and
explanations? Suppose he should indeed be lost at sea! Would it not be
believed that he had yielded to temptation and had purposely run away with
the watch?

[Illustration: "HE MADE FRANTIC EFFORTS TO PADDLE THE DORY AGAINST THE
WIND."]

The danger his life was in was enough for the wretched boy, without this
fear for his reputation. He thought of his folks at home,--his mother and
sisters, for his father was dead,--and he wondered if they would believe
him capable of a folly so much greater than that he had in mind when he so
innocently (as it seemed to him then, but not now) borrowed the bright
bauble! And what would Amy Canfield think?

All vanity had been killed in him from the moment he found himself in
actual peril. It made him sick at heart to remember the satisfaction he had
so lately felt in his new clothes. He no longer drew the watch proudly from
his pocket; hardly once did he glance downward at the big seal and gold
guard hooked in the button-hole of his vest--a hated sight to him now.

When all hope of reaching the shore against such a wind was gone, he still
struggled to keep the dory within hailing distance of the yacht, when it
should come beating up from the northeast. But no yacht hove in sight; and
if it passed, it must have been under the shadow of the shore. Clouds
closed again over the one bright star and the patch of silver light in the
west. The utter desolation of night lay about him on the lonely, weltering
waters. All along the coast now he could see occasional lights--the lights
in happy dwellings; but on the seaward side, only a faint gleam showed the
line where sky and ocean met. There were no sounds but the ceaseless
turmoil of the billows, the frequent slapping of a wave under the
flat-bottomed boat, and his own fitful sobs.

His last hope lay in crossing the track of some coaster or fishing-craft
that might pick him up. But could that occur before morning? And could he
expect that his ill-managed dory would ride safely all night on the
increasing waves? The strong wind off shore, meeting the ocean swells, was
blowing up a heavy chop-sea that threatened a new danger. What a night was
before him, at the best!

Suddenly his hat blew off, and disappeared immediately on the black waves.

The distant sails he had seen at first had vanished as the swift night shut
down; but now he discerned two dim lights in different directions,
evidently far away.

He was gazing after them, and looking anxiously for nearer lights or sails,
when he was aware of a low, dark object just before him, rising from the
deep. What could it be?--with something white flashing upon it! And what
was the sound he heard?

"The Cow and Calf!" he exclaimed, with sudden excitement, almost as if he
had seen a friend.




CHAPTER VIII.

THE COW AND CALF.


"The Old Cow" and "The Calf" are two enormous ledges lying not far asunder,
within sight from the coast in clear weather. "The Cow" is never completely
submerged; her bare brown back appears above the highest tides.

"The Calf" is not so fortunate; the sea must be very calm at high water,
when it is not buried in the surf.

Near one end of it, to mark the position of the dangerous reef, a pole is
anchored, rising out of the water with a slant that has gained for it the
name of "The Calf's Tail." Often at high tide the tail only can be seen
sticking out of the sea.

What Olly saw and heard was the billows combing over the end of one of
those huge rocks. He wondered why he hadn't thought of them before; for it
now occurred to him that if he could land on "The Old Cow," he might safely
pass the night on her back, and be seen from the shore, or from some
passing craft, in the morning.

But which of the ledges was he approaching? Familiar as their forms were to
him, seen from the shore, he could not in his strange position, in the
night, and amid the dashing waves, decide whether he was coming upon "The
Old Cow" or "The Calf."

Trembling with fresh hope and fear, and paddling cautiously, he strained
his eyes in the darkness, to get the broad outline of the ledge against the
faint sky-line. There was something awful in the sound of the surf on those
desolate rocks. The surges leapt and fell, rushing along the reef and
pouring in dimly-seen cataracts over the ledges, their loud buffets
followed by mysterious gurglings and murmurings, which might well appall
the heart of a wave-tossed boy.

The wind was blowing him on; but it was still in his power to pass the end
of the rock, or drive his dory upon the windward side, where the ocean
swells broke with least force. If he could only be sure which rock it was!
But he could distinguish nothing. All was as strange to him as if he had
been adrift on the lonesomest unknown sea in the world.

If it was "The Calf," then "The Tail" should be at the other end, and "The
Old Cow" beyond. If "The Cow," "The Calf" must be in the other direction,
and a little farther seaward; he might pass between the two.

He was getting used to his clumsy paddle; with it he kept his dory off as
well as he could, but in a state of terrible anxiety, thinking his life
might depend on what he should decide to do the next minute. He was still
hesitating, when accident decided for him.

The skiff was headed to the wind, against which he continued to paddle,
when suddenly a billow shot over a sunken projection of the ledge, smiting
the end of the boat with a force that slung it half about in an instant.

Olly felt a small deluge of water dash over and drench him from behind. He
was past thinking of his new clothes now; he thought of the dory. Even then
it might have escaped capsizing if it had not met at the same instant a
cross-wave, which tumbled aboard from the other side.

The two filled it so nearly that the water rushed cold across his knees;
and he knew that nothing he could do would prevent the boat from sinking.
Indeed, as the very next wave swept in, it settled on one side, and then
slowly rolled over. To save himself, Olly sprang up, grasping first the
uppermost rail, then clinging to the bottom of the overturned skiff, until
another billow swept him off.

He was an accomplished swimmer, as I think I have said before; and now that
skill stood him in good stead. In the first moment of his immersion he lost
his bearings; but rising with a wave, he looked about him from its crest,
and saw the little island not a hundred feet away.

He made for it at once, directing his course to a spot which the
overleaping surge did not reach.

The waves were dashing all about the rock, to be sure; and to land safely
upon it at any point would require not only vigilance, but good fortune.

I hardly know whether he was much frightened or not; he himself couldn't
have told. He didn't stop for a moment to reason about the situation, but
obeying the mere instinct of self-preservation, he swam to the ledge.

He was lucky enough to find a spot where it sloped gently into the sea. He
swam in on a wave, and as it subsided, he clung to the rock.

The broken surface of the rock was covered with barnacles, which cut his
hands; but he held on. They also scratched his knees through his torn
clothing, as he climbed up to the smoother rocks above.

The slant to the water was such that he could not, in the darkness, judge
of his elevation above the sea-level; nor could he determine, from that,
whether he had been thrown upon "The Old Cow" or "The Calf."

Yet everything depended upon the answer to that question. If on the greater
rock, he was comparatively safe; if on the smaller, his respite would be
brief--he might expect the next tide to carry him off.

Groping about on the jagged summit, trying to identify the rock by its
form, his foot plashed in a pool of water. He paused, startled by the
thought that here was a means of deciding his fate.

No doubt, much sea-spray dashed upon the back even of "The Old Cow," in
rough weather. But copious rains had succeeded the last gale; and so, if
that little pool was on the large rock, the water it held could not be very
salt. If on the back of "The Calf," it was the leavings of the last tide.
He felt that his doom was in the taste of that water.

He hesitated, heaving a sigh of dread; then he stooped quickly and put his
hand into the pool. He lifted the wet fingers to his lips, and immediately
grew faint--the water was bitterly salt.

Still, after a little reflection, he would not give up all hope. The sea
must have broken clear over "The Cow's" back, in the last storm; and the
rain might have had little effect in freshening the contents of the basin.
He thought of another test.

Barnacles live in the sea, or in receptacles of sea-water replenished at
every tide. If he was upon the back of "The Old Cow," the pool would be
free from them; if on "The Calf," there would be the usual incrustations
about its edges.

Once more he put down his groping hand; and then he uttered a despairing
wail.

The barnacles were there!

(_To be continued_.)

[Illustration: A BELATED FAIRY.]




AUNT DEBORAH'S LESSON.

BY G. H. BASKETTE.


[Illustration]

"The good lands! What's that!" excitedly cried frightened Aunt Deborah.

Aunt Deborah might well exclaim in surprise. For as she sat knitting
quietly and humming a quaint old tune of long ago, one she had learned as
a child----C-r-rash! bang! came a stone into the room, shivering the
window-pane, just missing the swinging lamp in the hallway, making an ugly
scar on the cabinet, and breaking into fragments a handsome vase. Then, as
if satisfied with the mischief it had done, it rolled lazily across the
floor, and finally stopped under the table, an inert, jagged bit of
granite.

Aunt Deborah, as the stone pursued its reckless course, placed her hands
over her head, and shrank back into her chair, a frightened and unwilling
witness to the destruction of her property. It was quite distressing.

Besides the nervous shock, there was the broken window; there was the
cabinet showing a great white dent that could not easily be removed; and
there, too, was the vase she had kept so many long years, lying shattered
and ruined before her eyes.

Aunt Deborah was one of the best and most kind-hearted of women; but--she
was human, and the sudden havoc wrought by the missile exasperated as well
as frightened her. She rushed to the window and opened it in time to see
three or four boys scampering down the street as fast as their legs could
carry them.

"Oh, you young scapegraces!" she cried. "If I could once lay hold on you,
wouldn't I teach you a lesson!"

But the boys never stopped until they had disappeared around a friendly
corner. Aunt Deborah was so overcome by the accident, and so intent upon
watching the retreating boys to whom she desired to teach a lesson, that
she did not at first notice a barefooted lad standing under the window on
the pavement below, holding a battered old hat in his hand, and looking up
at her with a scared face and tearful eyes.

"Please, Miss," said the boy tremulously.

"Oh! Who are you? Who threw that stone at my window?" called out Aunt
Deborah, as she spied him.

"Please, Miss," pleaded the boy, fumbling nervously his torn hat, "I threw
it, but I didn't mean to do it."

"Didn't mean to do it, eh?" replied Aunt Deborah, fiercely. "I suppose the
stone picked itself up and pitched itself through my glass!"

"I was going to throw it down the street, but Bill Philper touched my arm,
and it turned and hit your window," he explained.

There was an air of frankness and truth about the boy, and the fact that he
had not run away like the others (whom, somehow, Aunt Deborah held chiefly
responsible for the outrage), caused her to relent a little toward him.

"Come in here," she said, after eying him closely for a moment.

The lad hesitated; but summoning all his courage, he went up the steps, and
soon stood in her presence.

"Do you see that" she said, pointing at the window--"and that"--(at the
cabinet)--"and that?"--(at the broken vase)--"and that?"--(at the stone.)
"Now, isn't that a fine performance?"

"I am very sorry," said the boy, the tears welling into his eyes again.

He looked ruefully about at the damaged articles, and glanced at the stone,
wishing heartily that he had never seen it.

"Now, what's to be done about it?" asked she.

"I don't know, ma'am," said he, very ill at ease. "I will try to pay you
for it."

"What can you pay, I should like to know?" she said, glancing at his
patched coat and trousers and his torn hat.

"I sell papers," said he; "and I can pay you a little on it every week."

"What's your name?" she asked.

"Sam Wadley," answered the boy.

"Have you a father?"

"No, ma'am," replied Sam; "he's dead."

"Have you a mother?"

"Yes, ma'am."

"What does she do?" continued Aunt Deborah.

"She sews, and I help her all I can, selling papers."

"How can you pay me anything then?"

[Illustration: "THERE SAT AUNT DEBORAH EARNESTLY KNITTING." [SEE NEXT
PAGE.]]

"Please, ma'am, I'll tell Mother all about it, and she'll be willing for me
to pay you all I make."

"Well, now, we'll see if you are a boy to keep his word," said Aunt
Deborah.

"How much must I pay?" Sam inquired anxiously.

"Let me see." Aunt Deborah put on her spectacles and made a critical survey
of the room. "Window--fifty cents; vase--one dollar--I wouldn't have had it
broken for five!--That'll do--one dollar and a half. I shan't charge you
for the dent in the furniture."

"I'll try to pay you something on it every week," said Sam. "There are some
days when I don't make anything; but when I do, I'll save it for you."

"Very well," said Aunt Deborah; "you may go now."

He thanked her, and went slowly out, while Aunt Deborah began to pick up
the fragments strewn over the floor.

"Oh, wait a moment!" she cried.

Sam came back.

"Take this stone out with you, and be careful what you do with it, next
time," she said. "By the way, if you wish to keep out of trouble, you'd
better not keep company with that Flipper boy--" Aunt Deborah had a rather
poor memory for names--"if I had him, wouldn't I give him a lesson!"

She uttered the last sentence with such a relish, that Sam was glad enough
to get away. He was afraid she might conclude to bestow upon him the
salutary lesson which she had proposed to give "Flipper," as she called
him.

Sam hurried home as fast as he could. His mother, a pale, delicate woman
whose wan features and sunken eyes showed the effects of too hard work,
heard his simple tale, wiped away his tears and encouraged him in his
resolve to pay for the damage he had done.

From that day, Sam began to be very diligent, and to earn pennies in every
honest way possible to him. And every week he carried some small amount to
Aunt Deborah.

"That boy has some good in him," she said when he had brought his first
installment. And though she grew more kind toward him every time he came,
occasionally giving him a glass of milk, a sandwich or a cake, she rarely
failed to warn him against the influence of that "Flipper" boy.

His young companions laughed at him for paying his money to Aunt Deborah,
and called him a coward for not running away when they ran; but all they
said did not turn him from his purpose.

One evening he went with a cheerful heart to pay his last installment.

As he passed the window of the sitting-room he glanced in. There sat Aunt
Deborah, earnestly knitting. The lamplight fell upon her sober face and Sam
wondered if she ever looked really smiling and pleasant. "It doesn't seem
as though she would be so stiff with a fellow," he said to himself. Then,
in response to her "Come in," he entered the room and handed her his money.

"I believe that is all, ma'am," said he.

"Yes, that pays the whole sum," said Aunt Deborah; "you have done well."

"I am still very sorry I have troubled you, and I hope you forgive me," he
said.

"I do, with all my heart," said she earnestly.

"Thank you," said Sam, as he started out, picking his old hat from the
floor, where he had placed it; on entering.

"Come back," said Aunt Deborah, "I've something more to say to you."

With a startled look he turned into the room.

Aunt Deborah went to the cabinet and unlocked it. She first took out a pair
of new shoes, then half a dozen pairs of socks, some underclothing, two
nice shirts, a neat woolen suit, and lastly a good felt hat.

"Sam," said she to the astonished lad, "I have taken your money, not
because I wanted it, but because I wished to test you. I wished to see
whether you really meant to pay me. That Flipper boy would never have done
it, I am sure. You have done so well in bringing me your little savings
that I have learned to like you very much. Now I wish to make you a present
of these articles. In the pocket of this jacket you will find the money you
have paid me. I wouldn't take a cent of it. It is yours. You must keep
working and adding to it, so that you can soon help your mother more. Go to
work now with a light heart, and grow up a true and an honest man. Tell
your mother that I say she has a fine son."

In making this speech, Aunt Deborah's features relaxed into a pleasant
smile; and Sam smiled too, and was so pleased that he could hardly utter
his thanks.

"And mind you," continued she, suddenly changing the current of his
thoughts, "don't associate with that Flipper boy!"

"Please, ma'am," said Sam, feeling a twinge of conscience that his former
companion should bear so much of the blame, "you have been very kind to me,
but Bill Philper didn't know the stone would turn as it did, and break your
window."

"Then why did he run away?" inquired Aunt Deborah somewhat fiercely. "It's
quite proper that you should try to excuse him, Sam; but I should like to
teach him a good lesson?"

"You--you--have taught me a good lesson," said Sam, with a blushing face,
"and I--I--thank you very much for it."

Aunt Deborah smiled benignly again, and warmly bidding Sam to come often to
see her, she let him out at the door.

She felt very happy as Sam disappeared down the street, and he was very
happy, as he hurried home with his great bundle, and told his mother all
about it, which made that good woman very happy, too. So they were very
happy all around.

And it all came about because Sam had stood up like a brave boy to confess
his wrong, which is always manly; and had offered reparation for it, which
is always right; and had gone forward, in spite of the taunts of his
companions, denying himself pleasures and comforts in order to do that
which he knew to be right, which is always heroic.




697

Of Timothy Timid and his happy thought: these lines and pictures by A.
Brennan.


[Illustration]

[Illustration]


    Timothy Timid, they say,
    Once traveled the loneliest way;
    For he traveled by night
      Lest he should take fright
  At things he could see in the day.




READY FOR BUSINESS; OR, CHOOSING AN OCCUPATION.[B]

A SERIES OF PRACTICAL PAPERS FOR BOYS.

BY GEORGE J. MANSON

[Footnote B: Copyright by G. J. Manson, 1884]


BOAT-BUILDING

[Illustration]

Boat-building is by no means one of the "lost arts," although in this age
of steam and iron, the "good old days" of the ship-builders are a thing of
the past. Of late years, however, there has been a marked increase in the
trade, and although the work is confined principally to yachts and smaller
craft, the steady growth of this branch of boat-building offers excellent
inducements to any young man whose tastes lie in that direction.

I know of one boy at least, now sixteen years of age, who intends to fit
himself during the next five or six years for the occupation; and his
father, a prominent and highly successful naval architect, believes that
there is a very promising future for American boat-building.

I take it for granted that the future boat-builder has, as a boy, been fond
of boats. He has not only taken advantage of the rivers and ponds near his
house, has navigated them in scow, in row-boat or in sail-boat, but I will
suppose that, from the time he has been the owner of a jack-knife, he has
been a constructor of toy boats. And, as he has grown older and become the
possessor of a tool-chest, or, at least, of a gauge, a mallet, a saw, a
plane, and a good knife, he has wrought out miniature cutters and
schooners, possibly a square-rigged ship, all of which have been much
admired by his young companions. If it has been his object in life to
become a boat-builder, he could not have been better employed during the
hours that have not been taken up with school duties.

In every business and profession there is some one object above all others
sought after, upon which success may be said to depend. The orator
endeavors to arouse our enthusiasm, the poet appeals to our sentiments, the
lawyer to our reason, the clergyman to our conscience. The genius of the
boat-builder lies in the one word "form." The one thing more than all
others for which he aims to have a reputation is the ability to give a good
shape to the mass of wood or iron coming from his hands, whether it be a
man-of-war or a sail-boat. And so it was good for the boy that he made
boats and models of boats. He was getting, as the naval architect would
say, "form impressed upon his brain." It may have been, it probably was, a
bad form, an incorrect form, but it was something from which to start. At
all events, the boy has formed a speaking acquaintance with the occupation
he is about to enter.

I shall assume that at the age of sixteen he has finished his school
studies, has a good knowledge of arithmetic and algebra, and has gone
through seven books in Euclid, with special reference to being proficient
in the fourth and seventh books. Two years before this, we will suppose, he
has expressed a desire to be a boat-builder. He has made a model of some
kind of a boat, and he has, as occasions have permitted, visited such
ship-yards as could be found in his vicinity, and carefully watched the men
while they were at work. At last, at the age of sixteen, he enters the
office of a thoroughly competent naval architect, who either is or has been
a practical ship-builder. The naval architect stands in the same relation
to ship-building that the architect of houses does to house-building, with
this difference,--not only does he make the plan, but very often he
executes it as well.

The beginner will find his quarters very pleasant. The room will be light,
cheerful, and quiet. On the walls he will probably see pictures of famous
yachts or other vessels; there will be a small library of technical books
of reference, which he will have occasion to consult later on; there may be
another student with whom he will chat now and then during the day; or his
teacher, while they are at work, may give him some stirring bits of
yachting reminiscence. I only mention this to show that there is none of
that strict discipline to which the boy has been accustomed at school. The
fact is, it is not needed, for, to use the language of a well-known
ship-builder, "it is a fascinating occupation; it grows upon you; and the
longer you are in it, the better you like it, that is, of course, if you
like boats and everything pertaining to them."

The boy will at first be given the drawing of a midship, or central,
section of a boat, and required to put a body to it, to give it a bow, a
stern--in short, to give to the boat its form. After working in that way
for a while, he will make more extended plans, until he is able to make the
full design of a vessel. He will remain with this naval architect for the
space of a year; and, by that time, he should have acquired a very good
knowledge of form.

It is a fact that boys in England who choose this occupation for their
life-work can more easily obtain a thorough education in it than can be had
by youths in our country. In England, and in France, Denmark, and other
European countries, there are schools where special technical instruction
is given, and many of these are close to large ship-yards, where the
practical work of ship-building can constantly be seen. The question now
arises, therefore, shall the boy go to England and get the benefit of this
instruction? It is by no means necessary that he should go there; but if he
has begun to learn while young, he can spare the time, and his parents know
whether they can spare the money which such a journey and residence would
entail. If he decides to go, he will remain away for three or four years.

Suppose, however, it is decided that he can not go abroad. It has cost him
for the year's instruction he has received from the naval architect, with
whom he had been studying, about $1000; or, he has given his services as a
draughtsman, paid $500, and during the twelve months has "picked up" such
knowledge as he could without receiving any regular instruction. His case
of drawing-instruments has cost him from $50 to $250, depending on the
number of instruments, the manner in which they are finished and the style
of the case in which they are kept. Let us assume that he has been a
full-pay pupil. His time is, of course, his own. It would be a good plan,
after he has acquired some theoretical knowledge of the business, to
regularly visit a shipyard and there begin to do the practical work which
falls to the lot of the boat-builder; studying in the office one-half the
time and working in the yard the other half. Now you will see, as I
observed before, that boat-building is a profession and a trade. It is
possible to be simply a naval architect and only make designs for boats,
but it is not advisable; it is better, by all means, to have the practical
knowledge which is obtained working among the men in the shipyard.

They do not now apprentice boys as they did some fifty years ago. I have
before me an indenture paper of a ship-builder (now alive) dated in the
year 1825. In it he promises "not to waste his master's goods; not to
contract matrimony within the said term; not to play at cards, dice, or any
unlawful game, nor frequent ale-houses, dance-houses, or play-houses, but
in all things behave himself as a faithful apprentice ought to do during
the said term." There are no such rules laid down nowadays. Perhaps all the
boys are so good that none are needed. All that needs to be done now is for
the boy to make his verbal agreement with the owner of the shipyard, and go
to work.

And now a word or two as to this practical work which will cover the second
method of learning boat-building as mentioned at the beginning of my paper.
The boy who has not had the benefit of any previous training with an
instructor may have to commence with turning the grindstone. The tools used
in boat-building are in such constant use that they grow dull very soon,
and the grindstone is kept going almost the whole of the day. Besides, the
work being very heavy, the men generally work in couples, so that the
learner when he is not turning the grindstone is assisting in lifting the
heavy timbers that have to be used. The first tool he is generally
permitted to use is the saw; then he begins to use the adze; then he is
trusted with the ax, and helps get out the planking and timber for the
frame of the ship.

Then comes the difficult part of construction. The apprentice must have
learned all this work with the tools (of which I am only able to make a
passing mention), before he comes to the constructive part; that is, the
part that our pupil has been studying with the naval architect.

Before the building of the ship is commenced, a small wooden model is made,
to give the owner and the builder an idea of what she is going to look
like.

  "A little model the master wrought,
  Which should be to the larger plan
  What the child is to the man."

Doubtless, you have seen such models. They are built sometimes on a scale
of a quarter of an inch to a foot; they are made of pieces of cedar and
pine wood, placed alternately, and show the shape and whole arrangement of
one side of the vessel. This model is glued, on its flat side, to a piece
of board, for greater convenience in examination.

From this model, "life-size" plans of the ship are made with chalk on the
floor of a long, wide room, like a big garret, which is used especially for
this purpose. It will not be necessary to enter into a technical
description of these plans. There are three of them,--the sheer plan, the
half-breadth plan, and the body plan. They show the position of the
different planks to be used in the construction of the ship. To gain a
rough idea of these plans, take a cucumber, decide which you will call the
bottom and which the top, and cut it in the middle, lengthwise, from end to
end. Look into its interior and fancy that it is covered with lines, both
horizontal and vertical--and that will give you a very rough idea of the
sheer plan. By laying the cucumber on its side and cutting it lengthwise,
you will have a notion of the half-breadth plan. A division in the middle
(cutting it in two parts, so that you can see the whole circumference) may
suggest to you the body plan. This can not be made very clear, not even
with drawings, because it is the most technical part of the work; but its
object is apparent. From these three plans, taken from different points of
view, the boat-builder can locate the position of every piece of plank in
his vessel. So true is this that I understand it is possible to number the
planks of a ship, and send them off to some distant country, where a
ship-builder can construct the vessel without ever having seen the design.

A great deal of calculation and figuring enters into this part of the work,
but much of it has been made easy by the aid of a man (now dead, I believe)
named Simpson, the author of what are called "Simpson's Rules." These rules
are incorporated in small pocket handbooks which contain, in addition, a
large number of tables, rules, and formulas pertaining to naval
architecture. The most popular handbook of this character in England is
said to be "Mackrow's Naval Architect and Ship-builders' Assistant," and in
our country, "Haswell's Engineers' Pocket-book of Tables." These, however,
are only aids in making calculations, and are very much like the interest
tables you have probably seen, which save the trouble of going through the
figuring in detail. There are a great many books which will be interesting
and valuable to the young ship-builder. To give you some idea of their
character, I copy the following from the table of contents of a recent
standard work: "The displacement and buoyancy of ships;" "The oscillations
of ships in still water;" "The oscillation of ships among waves;" "Methods
of observing the rolling and pitching motions of ships;" "The structural
strength of ships," etc.

These titles may not at present indicate a very promising literary feast,
but when the young boat-builder has mastered the rudiments of the technical
part of the profession, he will read and reread such productions with as
much pleasure as he now peruses the stories in ST. NICHOLAS.

I have not entered into the details of iron ship-building, the practical
part of which the boy will learn in the same yard in which he learns to
work in wood; for it is presumed that he is going to some large yard to
obtain his instruction. Indeed, in this occupation it is the practical part
that is the easiest and the most interesting to young learners. They are
apt to slight the theoretical knowledge required and to long to spend their
time in the shipyard with real tools, doing real work, for a real ship.
With the boy who, through force of circumstances, has to enter on the life
of a journeyman and earn wages, there is more excuse for hastening to that
branch of the work than for the lad who is better situated in life. The
journeyman will learn construction last and from his master. Under the plan
I have suggested, the other lad will learn the general principles of
construction before he goes to the shipyard; at least he will not have to
commence with turning the grindstone. His first few visits will be confined
to watching the men at their work; then he will gradually make himself
familiar with the use of the different tools.

The journeyman will receive at first $1 a day; during the second year,
$1.50 a day, and be gradually advanced until he receives the regular wages,
at the present time from $3 to $3.25 a day. It would not be advisable to
make any estimate of the profits of boat-building as a business, for, no
matter what they are now, by the time my young reader has started a
shipyard, they may be entirely different, owing to the increase or decrease
in the cost of material and labor.

[Illustration]




[Illustration: "THIS LITTLE PIG WENT TO MARKET."]

WHAT IT WAS.

BY MALCOLM DOUGLAS


  Oh, they were as happy as happy could be,
  Those two little boys who were down by the sea,
  As each with a shovel grasped tight in his hand,
  Like a sturdy young laborer dug in the sand!

  And it finally happened, while looking around,
  That, beside a big shell, a small star-fish they found,--
  Such a wonderful sight, that two pairs of blue eyes
  Grew large for a moment with puzzled surprise.

  Then--"I know," said one, with his face growing bright,
  "It's the dear little star that we've watched every night;
  But last night, when we looked, it was nowhere on high,
  So, of course, it has dropped from its home in the sky!"

[Illustration]




CAPTAIN JACK'S FOURTH-OF-JULY KITE.

BY DANIEL C. BEARD.


"Well, if that isn't the queerest sight!" exclaimed a passenger on the cars
going from Flushing to New York, last Independence Day.

And all the passengers on that train, and on all other trains during the
day, echoed the same words. It was a very strange occurrence.

Away up in the blue sky, and all alone, like a new declaration of
independence, fluttered that soul-stirring piece of bunting, the stars and
stripes. Not a sign of pole or support of any kind could the sharpest eye
discern; and yet, as steadily as if fixed on the dome of the national
capitol, it waved its gay stripes in the joyous breeze. It was a very
mysterious flag.

[Illustration]

There was, however, one individual who was both able and willing to clear
away the mystery--a certain jovial man who, on the morning of that
particular day, sat in exceedingly airy attire on the front porch of the
boathouse of the Nereus Boat Club. As his striped shirt, knee-breeches,
and skull-cap indicated, Captain Jack Walker was an oarsman.

[Illustration]

He afterward explained to his faithful crew that he had gone to the
boathouse early that morning, and while there had been struck with a novel
idea. The result of that idea was the mysterious flag which was waving over
the salt marsh by Flushing Bay, and was puzzling the brains of many good
citizens.

Fastened to the top of the flagpole of the club's boathouse was the end of
a piece of hempen twine. By following that piece of twine, which ran away
into space at an angle of sixty degrees, the eye came at length to the
floating flag. By looking closely, moreover, one could gradually discern
that from the flag the twine ran up five or six hundred feet higher to a
tiny kite--tiny, as seen away up there in the blue ether; but, in fact, a
monster kite.

Captain Jack had first sent up that great kite which some one had left at
the boathouse, and had let it out five or six hundred feet; then he took a
flag about five feet long, which belonged to one of the boats, and fastened
the upper end of its stick firmly to the kitestring. He next broke the
lower end of the flagstick so as to leave a short projection (_a_), just
long enough for him to fasten a piece of twine to it.

Then he again let the kite out, and also the string he had attached to the
lower end of the flagstick. As soon as the flagstick was vertical, the line
_a_, _b_ (see preceding page) was knotted securely to the kitestring at
_b_. All that was necessary then was to let out about five hundred feet
more twine, and Captain Jack's Fourth-of-July kite was soon gayly flying.
There was to be a regatta that afternoon, however, and the gallant oarsman
could not sit idly holding a kitestring in his hand. So he hauled down the
boat club's flag, tied the kitestring to the flag-halyards and then hoisted
both flag and kitestring to the top of the flagpole; and so his
Fourth-of-July banner floated serenely in the sky all day long,--a
beautiful sight, and an object of much surprise and wonder to all who saw
it.




IF.

[Illustration]


  If I had a big kite,
  With a very short tail,
  And a very stout cord,--
  And there came a great gale,--

  I'd hold fast to the string,
  And away we would fly,
  I and my kite,
  Up, up to the sky!

[Illustration: The biggest of birds without any wings. The oldest of
kingdoms without any kings. GEO. R. HALM.]




Tippie and Jimmie:

[Illustration]

TIPPIE AND JIMMIE.

BY MARY L. FRENCH


Tippie and Jimmie had come over to play with Ajax. Tip's whole name is
Tippecanoe. The boys call him a black and tan, but Bessie calls him a
darling. He has a little black shining nose that he is always sticking into
everything, and a little smooth, tapering tail that he is always wagging.
Jimmie's name is James Stuart; he is a little Maltese kitten, with gentle
blue eyes, and soft fur that is always ready to be smoothed, and claws that
are never used where they can hurt, and a purr that is always wound up.

Tippie and Jimmie live together, and eat together, and are the best of
friends.

Ajax is the kitten that lives next door. He is jet black, excepting a
little white spot where his cravat should have been tied. And he has a long
black tail that often waves over his back like a banner. He has large green
eyes that snap and shine when he plays, and he has just begun to look for
mice.

One day Tippie and Jimmie came around to the kitchen door of the house
where Ajax lived, and looked in.

They could not see Ajax, so Jimmie began to climb up the screen door,
sticking his claws into the holes. He had not climbed far before the lady
of the house saw him, and she said:

"Here's Jimmie looking for Ajax. Come, Ajax, where are you?"

Ajax was asleep on the lounge, but he jumped up and came running to the
door, for he comes when he is called, "quicker than any of the other
children," Mamie says.

He touched noses with Jimmie, and then he took his visitors around to the
front porch. There, he and Jimmie leaped upon a chair and shook their paws
at Tippie, who was on the floor. Then Tippie got upon another chair, and
Ajax ran under it and reached up to play with him.

It really seemed as if they knew how pretty they looked. After a while,
they all three had a good race up and down, over chairs, under chairs, and
through chairs. Sometimes Ajax stood on the back of a chair and poked his
paw at Tippie, and sometimes he ran to the top of a high rocking-chair and
jumped down to the porch railing. Jimmie was not so venturesome, however.

Soon they grew tired of such play, and then they rushed out-of-doors, and
down upon the grass. There, Tippie began to tease Jimmie. He pushed him
over, and stepped upon him, and nosed him, and even bit him gently, till
Jimmie suddenly cried out, "Meow-ow-ow!"

Ajax had been quietly looking on, with a shade of contempt on his handsome
countenance; but when he heard that appeal, he rushed at Tippie and pushed
him away from Jimmie and scratched him, and chased him from one end of the
yard to the other, two or three times.

When they stopped to rest after their run, Ajax settled himself comfortably
on the grass, perfectly quiet, except for the tip of his tail, which moved
just a little. Tippie watched that tail with longing. He danced around and
around Ajax. He pranced forward and skipped back, and practiced all his
dancing-steps, before he dared touch it. At last he boldly rushed upon it,
and a moment later Ajax held him fast around the neck, and with heads close
together, and smothered growls of happiness, the cat and the dog were
rolling over and over. Then, they suddenly let go, and stood half a foot
apart, glaring at each other for a second, before they rushed together
again, and went through the whole frolic once more.

Mamie and Herbert had seen it all while building ships, in the side yard,
and as they watched the grand closing scene, Herbert, in the tone of an
oracle, announced,

The Moral:

"It is good to be good-natured, but bad to be imposed upon."




NUMBER ONE.

BY CHARLES R. TALBOT.


  "I tell you," said Robbie, eating his peach,
    And giving his sister none,
  "I believe in the good old saying that each
    Should look out for Number One."

  "Why, yes," answered Katie, wise little elf,
    "But the counting should be begun
  With the _other one_ instead of yourself,--
    And _he_ should be Number One."

    VOL. XIII.--45.




AMUSING THE BABY.

BY EVA LOVETT CARSON.


  A sudden tumult arose one day,
    In the nursery overhead.
  'T was like wild horses a-galloping there,
    Or a whole procession led.
  Nursie, with face of terror,
    Deserted her cup of tea,
  And rushed up the stair, in a state of despair,
    To see what the noise might be.

  She found in the room three Zulu chiefs
    Prancing across the floor.
  Their faces beamed, as they danced and screamed,
    And their arms waved more and more.
  In a corner sat Ted, the baby,
    Silent and pale with fright:
  "We're amusing the baby--Oh, Nurse, come and see!"
    Cried the Zulus in great delight.

  "Oh, horrors!" cried Nursie in anger,
    Rushing to poor little Ted.
  "To go on that way, such ri_dic_-u-lous play!--
    'T will put the child out of his head!"
  --With expressions of injured goodness,
    Stood Dudley, and Gordon, and Fred,
  "Why, Nursie, how mean!--We should think you'd have seen,
    We're amusing the baby!" they said.

[Illustration]




THE BROWNIES IN THE MENAGERIE.

BY PALMER COX.


  The Brownies heard the news with glee,
  That in a city near the sea
  A spacious building was designed
  For holding beasts of every kind.
  From polar snows, from desert sand,
  From mountain peak, and timbered land,
  The beasts with claw and beasts with hoof,
  All met beneath one slated roof.
  That night, like bees before the wind,
  With home in sight, and storm behind,
  The band of Brownies might be seen,
  All scudding from the forest green.

  Less time it took the walls to scale
  Than is required to tell the tale.
  The art that makes the lock seem weak,
  The bolt to slide, the hinge to creak,
  Was theirs to use as heretofore,
  With good effect, on sash and door;
  And soon the band stood face to face
  With all the wonders of the place.

  To Brownies, as to children dear,
  The monkey seemed a creature queer;
  They watched its skill to climb and cling,
  By either toe or tail to swing;
  Perhaps they got some hints that might
  Come well in hand some future night,
  When climbing up a wall or tree,
  Or chimney, as the case might be.

  Then off to other parts they'd range
  To gather 'round some creature strange;
  To watch the movements of the bear,
  Or at the spotted serpents stare.

[Illustration]

  The mammoth turtle from its pen
  Was driven 'round and 'round again,
  And though the coach proved rather slow
  They kept it hours upon the go.

  Said one, "Before your face and eyes
  I'll take that snake from where it lies,
  And like a Hindoo of the East,
  Benumb and charm the crawling beast,
  Then twist him 'round me on the spot
  And tie him in a sailor's knot."

  Another then was quick to shout,
  "We'll leave that snake performance out!
  I grant you all the power you claim
  To charm, to tie, to twist and tame;
  But let me still suggest you try
  Your art when no one else is nigh.
  Of all the beasts that creep or crawl
  From Rupert's Land to China's wall,
  In torrid, mild, or frigid zone,
  The snake is best to let alone."

  Against this counsel, seeming good,
  At least a score of others stood.
  Said one, "My friend, suppress alarm.
  There's nothing here to threaten harm.
  Be sure the power that mortals hold
  Is not denied the Brownies bold."

[Illustration]

  So from the nest, without ado,
  A bunch of serpents soon they drew.
  And harmlessly as silken bands
  The snakes were twisted in their hands.
  Some hauled them freely 'round the place;
  Some braided others in a trace;
  And every knot to sailors known,
  Was quickly tied, and quickly shown.
  Thus 'round from cage to cage they went,
  For some to smile, and some comment
  On Nature's way of dealing out
  To this a tail, to that a snout
  Of extra length, and then deny
  To something else a fair supply.

  Around the sleeping lion long
  They stood an interested throng,
  Debating o'er its strength of limb,
  Its heavy mane or visage grim.

[Illustration]

  But when the bear and tiger growled,
  And wolf and lynx in chorus howled,
  And starting from its broken sleep,
  The monarch rose with sudden leap,
  And, bounding round the rocking cage,
  With lifted mane, it roared with rage,
  And thrust its paws between the bars,
  Until it seemed to shake the stars,
  A panic seized the Brownies all,
  And out they scampered from the hall,
  As if they feared incautious men
  Had built too frail a prison pen;
  And though the way was long and wild,
  With obstacles before them piled,
  They never halted in their run
  Until the forest shade they won.




A LETTER FROM A LITTLE BOY.


[Illustration]

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I want to tell little boys and girls about my two pets.
One is a hen. She lives all alone, and leaves her coop every night, and
goes in the barn, and flies up on old Jim's back, and sleeps there all
night. Old Jim is a horse. Old Jim has a blanket for cold nights. It is an
old one, and there is a hole in it on the top, and the old hen walks all
around till she finds that hole, and puts her feet in there where it is
warm, and there we find her every morning.

My other funny pet is an old cat, named Catharine. She has only three feet,
but I liked her just as well as I ever did, till last summer, when one
morning we found the bird-cage door pushed in, and the bird was gone. We
have another cat. We don't know but the bird flew away; but who pushed the
door in? I don't like any cats so well now. Your friend,

                                                           RALPH.

[Illustration]

       *       *       *       *       *

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS:

  A sadder tale I never heard!
  Just think of that poor little bird!
  Ralph's bird was killed,--I say so, flat,--
  By that three-footed sly old cat!
  Now, I'm a gentlemanly pup,
  And I say cats should be locked up.
  For every time I walk the street,
  A crowd of cats I'm sure to meet.
  They rumple up my smooth, clean coat,
  They spoil my collar, scratch my throat,
  They rush and push, and tease and whirl,
  And pull my ears all out of curl.--
  There's nothing on four legs as rude
  As cats and kittens are.

    Yours,

        "DUDE."

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT.


DEAR JACK-IN-THE-PULPET

  If I drum in the house,
  "Oh, what a noise you make!"
  Sighs Mamma. "Baby'll wake!"
         If in the garden green
         I drum, our Bridget cries:
         "Ye'll mak' me spile the pies
         And cakes! I can not think!
         That droom destroys me wit!
         Be off, me b'y,--or quit!"
  If I drum in the street,
  Out comes Miss Peters, quick,
  And says her ma is sick;
  Or Doctor Daniel Brown
  Calls from his window: "Bub,
  That dreadful rub-a-dub
  Confuses my ideas.
  My sermon is not done.
  Run on, my little son!"

         The creeps crawl up my back
         When I am still, and oh,
         Nobody seems to know
         How very tired I get
         Without some sort of noise,
         Such as a boy enjoys!

  Last summer, on the farm,
  I used to jump and shout,
  For Grandpa Osterhout
  And Grandma both are deaf.
  But soon some neighbors came
  And said it was a shame,
  The way I scared them all.
  They called my shouts "wild yells,"
  And asked if I had "spells"
  Or "fits, or anything."
           You see, grown people all
           Forget they once were small.

         Now, isn't there one place
         Where "wriggley" tired boys
         Can make a stunning noise
         And play wild Injun-chief,
         And Independence-day,
         And not be sent away?
  Or was that place left out?
    Dear Jack, please tell me true;
    I've confidence in you.

            Your friend without end,

                                   TOMMY.

This is a very touching epistle, my hearers, and Tommy has my hearty
sympathy. There must be such a place as he is looking for, though the
Deacon says that in the course of a long life he has never happened upon
the exact locality. According to the Little School-ma'am, too, it is not
described in any of the geographies; but she says that, for the sake of all
concerned, it is very desirable that the missing paradise of little drummer
boys should be discovered;--to which the Deacon adds, "Perhaps that's why
the grown folk wish to find the North Pole."

While we are upon this subject, here is a letter describing some tiny
drummers that make almost as much noise as patriotic youngsters, and do
quite as much mischief. To his credit, however, it must be said that this
other small musician only makes his appearance as a drummer once in
seventeen years. Is he bent on setting an example, I wonder? He is called


THE SEVENTEEN-YEAR LOCUST.

DEAR JACK: The seventeen-year locust isn't a locust at all. This may seem a
strange thing to say, but it is true, nevertheless. The locust looks very
much like a grasshopper, while the seventeen-year cicada, which is the
insect's proper name, looks a great deal more like a gigantic fly than
anything else.

There is a cicada which comes every year, and is also wrongly called a
locust. Anybody who has been in the country about harvest-time has heard
the shrill noise made by this cicada and probably has come upon his
cast-off shell sticking to a fence-rail or a tree-trunk.

The seventeen-year cicada is a cousin of the one-year chap; though, as he
comes only once in every seventeen years, he is probably only a far-away
cousin. Fancy spending the best part of your life prowling about in the
darkness underground and then coming up into the sunlight with a gorgeous
pair of wings, only to die in a short time!

That is what the seventeen-year cicada does. In the very first place, it is
an egg which its mother deposits in a tiny hole in a twig. In a few weeks
it makes its way out of the egg and drops to the ground, into which it
burrows, and in which it remains for nearly seventeen years before it is
prepared for life above ground.

When, at last, it is ready for the bright sunlight, it may be one foot from
the surface or it may be ten feet deep in the ground. In either case it
begins to dig upward until it finds its way out, when it climbs up the
nearest tree and fastens itself by its sharp claws to a leaf or twig. There
it waits until its back splits open, and behold! it immediately crawls out
of itself, so to speak.

The new insect is a soft, dull fellow at first, but he grows as if he had
been storing up energy for seventeen years for just that one purpose.
Within an hour, two pairs of most beautiful wings have grown, and in a few
hours more it has become hard and active.

The female cicadas are quiet enough, but the males are as noisy as so many
little boys with new drums. Indeed, they do have drums themselves. Just
under their wings are drums made of shiny membrane as beautiful as white
silk, and these are kept rattling almost all the time.

One cicada can make noise enough; but imagine the din of millions of them
all going at the same time. It sounds as if all the frogs in the country
had come together to try to drown the noise of a saw-mill. Now it is the
saw-mill you hear, and now the frogs.

[Illustration]

It sounds like a big story to say millions, but if you could go into the
woods where they are, you might be willing to say billions. I have counted
over a thousand cast-off shells on one small tree, and on one birch leaf I
have seen twelve shells. And the earth in some places is like a sieve from
the holes made by the cicadas as they came out.

But within a few weeks from the insects' first appearance their eggs have
been laid and the cicadas have all died. A great many of them are eaten by
the birds and chickens, but most of them simply can not live any longer.

    Yours truly,

            JOHN R. CORVELL


"THE GREAT LUBBER LOCUST."

As it appears from Mr. Coryell's letter that the seventeen-year cicada is
only an imitation locust, I shall give you a portrait of another member of
the family who is, perhaps, more nearly related to the insect he is named
after. At all events, he is certainly more like a grasshopper than is the
seventeen-year cicada. The grasshopper that lives in this part of the world
is a fine fellow to hop, as you know, but he always lights on his feet, and
looks as composed and as much at his ease as if he had walked to the spot
in the most dignified manner.

[Illustration]

Well, now look at this picture! See one absurd fellow lying on his back and
pawing the air with all his long legs, and another, like a circus clown,
standing on his own foolish green head. Would you think these awkward and
ridiculous creatures bore any relationship to the grave little hoppers who
gently alight on your clothes as you run through the grass, stop a moment
to stare at you with their great goggle eyes, and then take leave without
saying "good-morning"?

He is no less than a cousin, I assure you, from the Far West, the great
plains where few beasts, birds, or insects can find enough to live upon.
This fellow does not suffer for food; he is the biggest of his family in
America, and his curious performances have brought him several names. By
some people he is called "the clumsy grasshopper," and by others he is
dubbed "the great lubber locust," while by the scientific men, as usual, he
has been given a long Latin name. Of course, you will be so eager to know
it that you will wish to find it out for yourselves!


THE DOG AND THE QUEER GRASSHOPPERS.

[Illustration]

By the way, a story is told of a dog that was fond of snapping up
grasshoppers, and eating them. In one of his journeys with his master, he
chanced to fall among those queer grasshoppers--the lubber locusts. As he
ran along through the grass, his feet started up hundreds of the clumsy
fellows, and, in trying to jump out of his way, they came down in groups
upon him, as you see in the picture. Some stood on their heads upon his
back; others turned somersaults over his ears, and a few struck him full in
the face. Besides being impertinent they were very large, each two or three
times the size and weight of one of our modest little hoppers. So poor Tom
was first annoyed, and then scared. One or two, or even half a dozen, he
could eat up or drive away, but a hundred were too many, and at last Tom
dropped his head and tail and ran for his life, while his master scolded,
and his master's friend laughed at the droll sight of a big dog running
away from grasshoppers.




THE LETTER-BOX.

Contributors are respectfully informed that, between the 1st of June and
the 15th of September, manuscripts can not conveniently be examined at the
office of ST. NICHOLAS. Consequently, those who desire to favor
the magazine with contributions will please postpone sending their MSS.
until after the last-named date.


If C. F. H. will send us her address, we shall gladly forward to her a
number of letters sent us by readers of ST. NICHOLAS, in answer to
her query.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                               LA CRESCENT.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: While reading in the November number of ST. NICHOLAS
about "Our Joe," I thought some of the ST. NICHOLAS readers would be
interested in hearing about _our_ Joe. _Our_ Joe is a Broncho pony that
belonged to Rain-in-the-face, a chief in one of Sitting Bull's bands. When
the ponies were taken and driven down in a drove, Our Joe got loose from
the others and was caught somewhere near here. His name was Joe, but when
Papa brought him home and we saw how little he was, we called him Little
Joe, and when we rode him he went so easy we named him Little Joe Dandy.

We have a little red cart we call the dump, to drive him in. He is such a
funny little fellow that everybody has to take a second look at him. I am
five feet tall, and his shoulders are not quite as high as mine; his hair
in winter is as thick and long as a buffalo's; his tail touches the ground,
and his mane hangs far down on his shoulders, and is always stuck full of
burrs in summer. His color is iron-gray, if it's anything, but it's hard to
tell what color he is. I had my picture taken on horseback, and he looks as
if he was about ready to fall asleep, but he has life in him if he takes a
notion to go! He is mean to the boys. He picked my brother up by the
shoulder and shook him, and one day he kicked Papa.

There was a pair of them--Our Joe and a Little Buckskin. The Buckskin would
bunt his head against Joe, as a signal to go, and then they would make
things fly! Every one who knew the pony before we got him says he was so
ugly, it was dangerous to go around him; but he is the kindest little
fellow to us. If I go out in the pasture where he is, he will follow me
everywhere I go. We think the world of him. Hoping my letter is not too
long, I remain,

                                          our constant reader,        H. C.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                                   CHICAGO.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I live in Chicago, where the boys play marbles almost
all the time in the spring. I am a fairly good player. I have six hundred
and four. I hope the boys who read ST. NICHOLAS will try to get as many
marbles.

                                            Yours truly,        CHESHIRE S.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                            CITY OF MEXICO.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I am a little girl seven years old, and live alone with
my father, who is a Baptist missionary. I have a mother, and little
brother, and two sisters, living in the States.

I have learned to spell the names of three places that I can see from our
roof. They are Chapultepec, and Popocatepetl, and Ixiaccihuatl.

There are lots of strange things here. We never slide downhill here,
because there is no snow. I like ST. NICHOLAS, especially the "Brownies."

                                                                  EDWINA S.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                              B----A, N. J.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: In looking over our old ST. NICHOLASES we found, in the
January number for 1882, a piece entitled, "Puppets and Puppet Shows," and
as it struck our fancy, we agreed to try it. After several attempts, we
succeeded in obtaining very good figures. With a little ingenuity and the
plans of three busy brains, we arranged an excellent screen and scenery;
then, with two of us to work and one to read, the puppets were set in
motion. Our audience, though not large, was an appreciative one, and the
show was a grand success. The puppets were carefully placed in a box, and
will be kept for another entertainment.

Last summer we girls made a twine house in our orchard. A couple of cows
strayed in one afternoon and ran through the house, and the chickens dug up
a number of the morning-glories; but, in spite of these obstacles, a great
many happy hours were spent in the house.

We wait impatiently from one month to another for your pleasant magazine,
and we remain,

                   Your interested readers,
                                                           "PUSS-IN-BOOTS,"
                                                           "CARABAS,"
                                                           "CORSANDO."

       *       *       *       *       *

CAMILLA VAN KLEECK: The article you wish is entitled "Lady Bertha," and was
printed in ST. NICHOLAS for December, 1880.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                              EASTON, MASS.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: This is the first year I have ever taken you and the
first year I have ever lived on a farm. I enjoy reading your stories and
enjoy living on a farm. When I lived in the city I could not have as many
pets as I can out here. Neither should I have had you. You are sent us
through the kindness of a Mr. Ames, to whom I should like to extend my
thanks through your columns. I also wish to thank you for making your pages
so interesting to us boys and girls. Yours truly,

                                                                   W. S. B.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                                 ST. LOUIS.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I have taken the ST. NICHOLAS for three years, and I
like it very much. I take it for my little sister now, but always read it
first myself, and enjoy it very much, and so does my little sister. I send
it to her by mail after I am through with it.

I have been making my own living for five years, and I do not get much time
to read. I almost always read the ST. NICHOLAS going and coming from work,
as I have to take the street-car.

Seven years ago, I came from Sweden and could not speak a word of English,
but now everybody takes me for an American.

There is some splendid coasting and skating in Sweden, but I do not think
the young people here would enjoy going to boarding-school there; at least,
not the one I went to. They are very strict. For instance, once when I did
not know my lesson, I had to stay up until 12 o'clock that night and study
it by moonlight, without having had a bit of supper; and the next morning,
instead of my breakfast, I had to stand in the center of the dining-room
and watch the others eat. I intend to write a story when I get older, and
relate my experience there.

I should feel very proud if you would print this letter, as it is the first
one I have written to you.

                              Yours truly,                              JO.

       *       *       *       *       *

MAY BRIDGES: The address which you desire is "The Art Interchange, 37 West
22d street, New York City, N. Y."

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                            MCGREGOR, IOWA.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I live about a mile from the "Great Father of Waters." I
can not see the river from my home, but as I go to school in McGregor I can
see it every day.

McGregor is a small town of about 2000 inhabitants. It is nestled in among
the hills, and some people think it a very pretty place; indeed, some think
it ought to be a summer resort.

About a mile and a half from here is the highest bluff on the Mississippi,
called Pike's Peak. I suppose it is named after the famous Pike's Peak in
Colorado. From it there is a very lovely view. We can see the mouth of the
Wisconsin River, the State of Wisconsin, and a great distance up and down
the Mississippi. The river is full of islands near here. Believe me your
loving reader,

                                                               BESSIE B. L.

       *       *       *       *       *

L. M.: You can obtain the information you wish, by referring to article
"Iamblichus" in Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and
Mythology.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                        FREDERICKSBURG, VA.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: This is the second year we have taken you; at least, the
second year since I can remember. We took you some years ago, and then
stopped, and started again two years ago. When Papa told us each to vote
for which paper we wanted last year, I think we all voted for you, and take
you again this year. I look forward to your coming with delight. I must
confess I am selfish about it, for I always try to get you first.

This is a quiet old town, with beautiful scenery all around it. There are
no mountains, but it lies between two high hills, in a little valley.
Washington used to live here, and his house is only a square from ours.
Mary Washington's monument is quite near, and we often go there. I have
often climbed the heights where the battle of Fredericksburg was fought. It
overlooks the quiet little town, peacefully slumbering, and it is hard to
realize that once the shells and balls were flying across it from hill to
hill. I have lived most of my life here, and I think it the nicest place in
the world. I fear I have tired you with my long letter. So now, good-bye,
dear old ST. NICHOLAS. I look forward already to your next coming. I
remain, your devoted reader,

                                                                  CARRIE B.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                           FORT SILL, I. T.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I have a brother who is nearly seventeen years old. He
had the first number of ST. NICHOLAS, and we have taken it most of the time
ever since. I have a year's subscription for my birthday. I am always glad
when the time comes for you.

                                              Your reader,      SARAH B. H.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                    NORTH LEOMINSTER, MASS.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I am a little girl eleven years old, and take your
magazine. I am deeply interested in "Little Lord Fauntleroy" and "George
Washington," and hope they will be continued for a long time. I have a
number of pets; among them are nine cats, which I like better than all the
others. One is very large; he weighs eleven and a half pounds. He stays in
the house 'most all the time. His name is Toddlekins, and he goes to bed
with my brother every night. We live on a farm, and keep five horses. In
summer we go to ride almost every day. I have a pair of wooden horses,
which I will describe to you, as it may interest some of your little
readers. You take a keg and bore four holes in the side of it, and then
take short round handles and put four of them into the holes. Then take two
shingles and drive them into one end of the keg (for a neck); then take
another shingle and cut to the shape of a horse's head, and put it between
the two shingles that have been driven on to the top of the keg; then put a
feather duster in the other end, and you have a horse complete; when done,
they are comical-looking enough. I like to read the letters in the
Letter-box. I hope you will print my letter, as I have not written one
before.

                                      Your interested reader,      M. C. B.

       *       *       *       *       *


                OUR PRESIDENTS.

               BY G. MACLOSKEE.

    _A help for memorizing United States History_.

  FATHER WASHINGTON left us united and free,
  And John Adams repelled French aggression at sea;
  Boundless Louisiana was Jefferson's crown,
  And when Madison's war-ships won lasting renown,
  And the steam-boat was launched, then Monroe gave the world
  His new doctrine; and Quincy his banner unfurled
  For protection. Then Jackson, with railways and spoils,
  Left Van Buren huge bankruptcies, panics, and broils.
  Losing Harrison, Tyler by telegraph spoke;
  And the Mexican war brought accessions to Polk.
  Taylor lived not to wear the reward of ambition,
  And Fillmore's sad slave-law stirred up abolition;
  So, compromise failing, Pierce witnessed the throes
  Of the trouble in Kansas. Secession arose
  Through the halting Buchanan. But Lincoln was sent
  To extinguish rebellion. Then some years were spent
  Reconstructing by Johnson. Grant lessened our debt;
  Hayes resumed specie-payments; and Garfield was set
  On Reform, which, as Arthur soon found, came to stay.
  Now for President Cleveland good citizens pray.

       *       *       *       *       *

GREENVILLE, S. C.

MY DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I have been a subscriber to your charming magazine
for over three years, and have never yet read a letter dated Greenville, S.
C., so thought I would write to you from that place. Greenville is a city
in the upper part of South Carolina. It is divided into two parts by a
small river which runs through it, and on which are several cotton-mills.
It is about thirty miles from Caesar's Head, a mountain said to bear a
striking resemblance to a profile view of the human face. It used to be a
stopping-point for travelers on their way to Greenville. During the very
severe weather last winter, we thought that our town, instead of being
called Greenville, should be named after some snowy berg of Greenland.

It seems to be the custom of your correspondents to give their ages and a
minute description of their occupation, so I will follow. I am fourteen
years old, and have never been to school a day in my life, my mother having
always taught me at home until this year, when I have a tutor for Algebra
and Latin. I continue the study of French with my mother, using Fasquelle's
Grammar and reading a pretty story called "Le Petit Robinson de Paris,"
besides having lessons in English composition, geography, history,
declamation, music, and drawing.

I am a lineal descendant, being a great-great-granddaughter, of "The Martyr
of the Revolution," as he is sometimes called, Colonel Isaac Hayne, who was
hanged by the British, and of whose execution at Charlestown a very
interesting account is given by Ramsay, in his "History of South Carolina."
My grandmother had a lock of Colonel Hayne's hair. It was a beautiful
chestnut color, and had a slight wave through it. I am also a cousin of the
poet, Paul Hayne.

I like all the stories in ST. NICHOLAS, but my favorite is "Little Lord
Fauntleroy," who seems to be a second Paul Dombey, with his quaint,
old-fashioned sayings. I hope he will not die shut up in the gloomy castle,
with his cross old grandfather, away from the companionship of "Dearest."

With best wishes for the welfare of your delightful magazine, I remain,

                                    Your devoted reader,      MARGUERITE H.

       *       *       *       *       *


THE TWO TOADS.

  TWO TOADS went out to take a walk,
  And being old friends they had a long talk.

  Said one to the other, "A leaf I see.
  Will you be so kind as to bring it to me?"

  "Of course!" said the other. "Let's build us a house,
  And have for a pony a little gray mouse."

  "Yes," said the other, "and a carriage too,
  Of a nice red tulip, which I'll bring to you."

  They built them the carriage and harnessed the mouse,
  And drove to the mill-pond to build them a house.

  They built them a house very near to the mill,
  And if they're not dead, they are living there still.

                          MABEL WILDER (9 years old).

       *       *       *       *       *

We print this little letter just as it came to us.

                                                            ESCANABA, MICH.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I like you very much. since we have been taking you we
got some ginney pigs they are quite cute.

                                             GENIE A. LONGLEY (aged eight).

       *       *       *       *       *

A young friend sends us this drawing, which he calls:

[Illustration: A FOURTH OF JULY TRAGEDY.]

       *       *       *       *       *

                                           SOUTH FRONT ST., HARRISBURG, PA.

EDITOR ST. NICHOLAS: I thought that perhaps the following-description of a
sort of kaleidoscope would be of service to your magazine, for the
entertainment of your young readers, on a rainy evening:

Have the room brilliantly lighted, then raise the lid of a square piano
just as if for a player, but, instead of resting it on the surface of the
piano itself, let it rest upon two or three large books placed on the top
of the piano, so as to form at the front, where the hinges are, an angle of
sixty degrees. Cover the open side of the triangle thus formed with a thick
cover, which should extend also over the crack caused by the hinges of the
lid. Thus you will have a hollow, triangular prism, the length of the
piano, open at both ends. Polish well with a silk duster the inside of one
end of this triangular prism; hold pieces of crazy patchwork, or long
pieces of silk ribbon,--the more variegated and brilliant the colors the
better,--in a large hanging bunch, and shake gently about two inches in
front of the polished end toward the angle of the front, while the
spectator looks through the opposite end of the kaleidoscope. A watch,
chain, or looking-glass among the ribbons makes a pleasing variety.

                   Yours very respectfully,

                                                              MARY J. KNOX.

P. S. The lid on the top of an upright piano may also form a kaleidoscope
in the same way, but smaller.

       *       *       *       *       *

                                                        PHILADELPHIA, PENN.

DEAR ST. NICHOLAS: I am one of the many little folk who have listened to
readings from your pages all my life. I am too small to write you a letter
all myself, so Mamma will write it, for I wish to tell you about our salt
crystals. You remember you told us how to make them, in your number for
July, 1884. Mamma and I each started one, and every one thinks they are
great curiosities. Papa photographed them so that you could see them also.
The large one belongs to Mamma, and the small one is mine; they are about
five months old. We have ceased adding salt and water, and have them under
a glass shade, one resting on the other, and they make a very pretty
ornament. Every time we stop to admire them we smack our lips and think how
well-seasoned the ST. NICHOLAS always is.

We receive our ST. NICHOLAS on the 25th of each month, and, dear Editor,
you may always know that on that night there is a little hand resting under
a pillow, holding tightly your enjoyable book waiting for the morn to dawn.

                                          Lovingly yours,      HAROLD H. T.

[Illustration: THE SALT TUMBLERS.]

       *       *       *       *       *

We thank the young friends whose names here follow for pleasant letters
received from them: J. G. F., Bettie M. K., Gussie and Nannie M., Edith
Norris, Harold K. Palmer, J. E. P., Eleanor D. Olney, Daisy B. Holladay,
Nan E. Parrott, Elizabeth P., May E. Waldo, Alma and Estelle, Irene B. D.,
H. Olina Herring, Carrie L. Walker, Hattie Homer, Florence Halsted, Fay and
Fan, Clara E. Longworth, May M. Boyd, Annie G. Barnard, Katie E. G., Alice
Butterfield, Mabel P., E. C., James H. Saycock, E. Converse, Abe M. B., P.
C. Brittain, L. H. E., May M. Boyd, Marie Clark, Morris Miner, Jo and Flo
Overstreet, Roy C. Chambers, May Barton, Bessie Heath, Lawrence E. Horton,
Charles R. Van Horn, Albertie G. Russell, S. M. K., Henry H. Townshend,
Edith S. C., Blanche Sloat, Sadie Nichols, Jesse L. Pusey, Bessie Lenhart,
John N. Force, Madge C. DeW., E. A. Burnham, "Sammy," A. G. K., Fannie B.
S., Emily T. H., John R. P., Jr., Tommy Bangs, Florence, Julia McC.,
Brenda, Harry M. M., Gertie E. Kendall, H. E. H., A. K. E., Anna E.
Roelker, M. H. N., "Katie," Etta A. Harper, May S., Tillie Lutz, W. P.
Haslett, Charles L., Charlie P. Storrs, Maurice S. S., May, Freddie M.,
Florence M. Wilcox, Ida R. G., Louis R. E., Bertha, Muriel C. Gere, Ralph
M. Fletcher, Bertha B., Ella O., C. H. Pease, Alice W. Brown, Clara L.,
Arthur F. Hudson, Katie, Thomas H. King, Jr., Mary L. Mayo, O. P., Carrie
L. Moulthrop, Alice Dickey, M. Eva T., Daisy W., Marie G. Hinkley, Agatha
Montie Duncan, Agnes S. Barker, Samuel S. Watson, Madaleine C. Selby,
Hattie A. Taber, Cecelia R. G., Belle Sudduth, Johnnie E. Shaw, Inez B.
Fletcher, Eva, Ferrars J., C. P, Hermann Thomas, Annie and Margaret,
Edmonia Powers, Alice M. B., D. and A., Anna A. H., Lizzie Kellogg, Louis
J. Hall, Charles H. Webster, C. L. Wright, Jr., Merrick R. Baldwin, Eleanor
Hobson, Lottie A. D., John Moore, Harold Smith, C. W. F., L. Hazeltine, A.
C. Crosby, Mabel L., May J., Grace Plummer, Alice Dodge, Bessie K. S., Ella
Bisell, Irma St. John, Irene Lasier, F. L. Waldo, Ruth Morse, Maude G.
Barnum, Bertha M. Crane, Aggie Drain, Roy Gray Bevan, John W. Wainwright,
Edith, Ella L. Bridges, Bessie Rhodes, Floy G., C. A. G., L. O. C., Mary S.
Collar, Pearl Reynolds, Evelyn Auerbach, Mabel E. D., Grace Fleming, Eddie
Persinger, Charlie B., Lillie Story, Maude B., Mary M. Steele, Doris Hay,
Gussie Moley, Ethel W. F., Arthur, Mary Springer, Marion M. Tooker, Mary F.
K., Lizzie E. Crowell, Josie W. Pennypacker, Bertie Barse, Nellie B., J. W.
L., Maude Cullen, Daisy C. Baker, Esther S. Barnard, Blanche M. C., Aurelia
M. Snider, Howard E. T., Bacon, Hildegarde G., Kittie L. Norris, Nellie L.
Howes, Leverette Early, Virginia Beall, Henry W. Bellows, Bissell Currie,
Violet Quinn, Mamie Sage, Belle C. Hill, Alvah and Arden Rockwood, Lillian
Miln, Adele Yates, Lillie S. E., Ollie C., Maggie Wispert.




[Illustration: The Agassiz Association. SIXTY-THIRD REPORT.]


A COURSE OF OBSERVATIONS ON TREES.

The United States Government, through the Forestry Division of the
Agricultural Department, solicits the assistance of volunteer observers
belonging to the Agassiz Association. The chief of the Division of
Forestry, in consultation with the President of the A. A., is preparing a
special "schedule of phenological observations" for the A. A. This is a
very simple series of questions, in spite of its long name. One object of
this series of observations is to determine the effect of climate upon the
growth of plants. Among the facts to be noted are the dates of the
appearance of first leaf, first flower, and first fruit. Nothing is
required that can not be accurately and easily done by an intelligent boy
or girl of twelve years of age. It is earnestly desired by the Department
that as many as possible of our members undertake this work, in the
interest of science, and for the practical results of the information
sought.

All who are willing to try, will kindly send their addresses, at once, to
"The Chief of the Division of Forestry, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C."

The complete schedule of observations desired will then be sent to them,
and they can begin at once.


THE IOWA CONVENTION.

The following programme has been prepared for our next General Convention
to be held at Davenport, Iowa, in August:

WEDNESDAY, August 25:--9 A.M. Reception of the National delegates, and
visit to the Academy of Sciences.--2 P.M. Opening of Convention, 1. Prayer.
2. Address of welcome by Senator James Wilson of Iowa. 3. Response by the
President of the A. A. 4. Reading of papers.--7 P.M. Reception and banquet,
with toasts and responses.

THURSDAY, August 26:--9 A.M. 1. Question Box. 2. Visit to the Government
Island.--2 P.M. 1. Working Session. 2. Address by the President of the A.
A.--7 P.M. Lecture, by Prof. T. H. McBride, of the Iowa State University.

FRIDAY, August 27:--Steam-boat excursion down the Mississippi.


PROF. CROSBY'S CLASS IN MINERALOGY.

                                                              BOSTON, MASS.

The class now includes 122 _bona fide_ correspondents. The great majority
have very greatly and agreeably surprised me by the excellence of their
work. I have been especially delighted by the success of the chemical
experiments. I was in doubt at first as to the propriety of introducing
these; but I should never hesitate again. The success of the class is so
much beyond my expectations that I am fully reconciled to the time and
labor it has cost me.

                                                              W. O. CROSBY.


HONORABLE MENTION.

MR. PAUL L. SMITH, President of Chapter 653, of La Porte, Ind., goes
fifty-nine miles, on the first Saturday of every month, to preside at the
meetings of his Chapter. And yet some doubt whether Natural History can
awaken the interest of the young!


THE A. A. BY THE SEA.

MISS FLORENCE MAY LYON and two associate teachers of the Detroit High
School, members of Chapter 743, are making arrangements to take a bevy of a
dozen or twenty young ladies for a summer vacation of six weeks, to the
charming town of Annisquam, Mass. They propose to teach them in as
"unbookish and delightful a way as possible about sea-side plants and
animals." These ladies have had abundant experience, and we wish them the
greatest success.


BIRDS' EGGS.

The destruction of the singing birds of America is a growing and a very
serious evil. Many ladies wear on their bonnets enough birds to flood a
grove with melody--if only the birds were not dead and in pieces.

We may make an appeal on this subject to the girls and women of the A. A.,
at a later date, but just now it is a question of robbing birds' nests.
This association strictly maintains the scientific ground that when birds'
eggs are actually _needed_ by a young naturalist, as a means of
identification or of practical knowledge, it is justifiable to take them,
when the law allows. But the collection of eggs as curiosities, and the
wholesale robbery of nests for purposes of sale or exchange, is a wanton
destruction wholly unworthy of any earnest student of nature.

In view of the impossibility of discriminating between the two classes of
collectors, we shall hereafter decline to publish in ST. NICHOLAS, any
requests for the sale, purchase, or exchange of the eggs of singing or game
birds.

_We shall notice, as formerly, eggs of the Penguin, eagle, crow, and
ostrich._


DELAYED CHAPTER REPORTS.

60, _Pigeon Cove, Mass._ We have not lost a member from our books since you
first enrolled us, and although at present we are all so occupied by our
daily work that we can not hold regular meetings, we all look forward to
the time when we shall be able to begin again.--Charles H. Andrews.

150, _Flushing, L. I._ Our Chapter has not been very active during the past
year, but I hope in the near future to build up a lively Chapter. Father
and Mother will help me.--Frances M. L. Heaton, Sec.

189, _W. Medford, Mass._ The Chapter is still in existence, and is holding
meetings every week.--Daisy G. Dame, Sec.

257, _Plantsville, Conn._ We have been very successful; meetings full of
interest and well attended. Our last paper on "Crystals" was by E. N.
Walkley, who illustrated the subject by plaster casts. We have a good male
quartet in our Chapter; also gentlemen who play on the violin, flute,
piano, and 'cello, so we can have a good time if we want it, at any
meeting.

We have just papered, painted, and whitewashed our room, and intend to give
an entertainment to procure funds to buy a new carpet (_Bravo!_)--Albert L.
Ely, Pres.

287, _Ottawa, Ill._ Our members are scattered, some in college, most of the
others going soon; but we do not wish to be counted out of that society
from which we have received so much pleasure and profit.--Edgar Eldredge,
Sec.

331, _New Orleans, La._ This Chapter has passed through severe trials,
being sustained at one time by only two earnest members, but it is now
triumphantly successful. It is unique in that it has for its president a
gentleman, Mr. P. M. Hoit, who lives in Santa Barbara, California, more
than fifteen hundred miles away from the Chapter. He sends plans of work,
rules of order, by-laws, etc., and really governs the Chapter, with which
he first became acquainted through a letter asking about exchanges. The
Chapter has over 600 specimens.--Percy S. Benedict, Sec.

350, _Los Angeles, Cal._ The children never tire of going to the beach, and
a trip to the mountains is another favorite excursion. Our cabinets grow,
and I sometimes fear we shall get crowded out of the house by the "trash"
that is accumulating!--Mrs. M. F. Bradshaw, Sec.

366, _Webster Groves, Mo._ We have thirteen workers, all active.

We have a collection of 510 specimens, mostly minerals and fossils of our
own State; a library of 123 volumes; a microscope; and a chemical
laboratory. We intend to hold an encampment this summer. How do you think
it would work to have a "Midsummer Night's Dream," on some summer
evening?--we might have the telescope-man come out from the city, do some
star-gazing, and have an open-air magic lantern entertainment? (_It would
work "to a charm"!_)--Edwin R. Allan, Sec.

400, _Fargo, Dakota._ We gave an oyster supper a few weeks ago, and cleared
$15. Our rooms are in the Masonic Block, and the Masons kindly let us use
their dishes for the occasion. We have one of the finest rooms for this
class of work in the Northwest. Our members are taking hold in earnest, and
it will be a success. We have a fine teacher in Judge Mitchell. Mr.
Mitchell will be glad to aid any of the western Chapters, if they wish. I
think for my part there could be more chapters formed in Dakota, if the
boys and girls would volunteer work earnestly. How many of the Dakota
Chapters would like to organize the Dakota Assembly of the A. A.? Those in
favor will please correspond with me.--Frank Brown, Sec.


THE FIFTH CENTURY

403, _Newark, N. J._ We have begun to study the mounting of plants and
leaves. We are going to admit some lady friends to our Chapter, which we
think will be a great benefit to us.--Chas. Barrows, Sec. Wm. Earle, Pres.

404, _Baraboo, Wis._ We are still working, and our collection is steadily
growing. One of our boys caught a common painted turtle, I put it into a
tub with another of the same kind. They soon became so tame that they took
food from my hand quite readily. One day I fed them as usual, but before
they finished their meal I emptied the water from the tub, when one of them
that had a worm in its mouth began to choke and could not swallow. I gave
the other one, too, but he only took the end of it in his mouth. But as
soon as I put water enough in for them to cover their heads, they swallowed
as easily as ever. I tried this several times with the same result. We gave
an entertainment and cleared $25.--Marie McKennan, Sec.

409, _Sag Harbor, N. Y._ This year has been marked by greater progress than
any other since our organization. In April, 1885, a valuable addition was
made to our cabinet by the finding of a shrew--_genus sorex_. This little
animal, the least of the mammals, measured not quite two inches in length,
excluding the tail. During May and June we organized for summer work, on a
new plan,--the President appointing committees to collect in special
departments. In July and August we spent numerous "field-days" in the woods
and on the shore. We found a rare specimen of trap-rock. The skeleton of a
bottle-fish excited a great deal of curiosity. One of our members who had
caught a live one identified it.

In November, we commenced a series of discussions: "Which is of more value
to mankind--cotton or wool?" (Decided in favor of wool.) "What is the most
useful mammal?" (Four members voted for cow and four for sheep.) "What
insect is most valuable in promoting human happiness?" (Decided for
honey-bee.) "What is the most valuable fish?" (Cod.) Many other questions
were debated. We have received many curious specimens: sea-horse,
porcupine-fish, key-hole shells, etc. We intend to collect sea-weed and
mosses this summer.--Cornelius R. Sleight, Sec.

423, _Perth Amboy, N. J._ Our thirty members have manifested great interest
in collecting and examining specimens from the different divisions of the
animal kingdom. Much attention has been given to articulates, including
insects of the sea. At present we are engaged in a very interesting course
of observation in mineralogy. We have the highest appreciation of the
assistance we have derived from the A. A., in learning to observe and love
nature.--Bertha M. Mitchell, Cor. Sec.

424, _Decorah, Iowa._ Several of our lady members are teachers, and highly
value our meetings. We shall try to have public lectures in geology. We are
connecting with these subjects that of humane work, proposing to organize
as the Agassiz Band of Mercy. So we have two harmonious lines of good work
begun, and hope to make both of them permanent.--M. R. Steele, Sec.

428, _St. Paul, Minn._ Since our organization we have had seventy-eight
meetings, all at our house. As one of our number is studying for the
occupation of mining engineer, and has a forge, furnace, lathe, etc., we
have decided to study iron, steel, and the methods of mining and
manufacturing them. We have a club-room, where we keep our cabinets, and a
small library.--Philip C. Allen, Sec.

436, _Toronto, Canada._ Our president and several of our members have moved
from town, so we have done comparatively nothing since I wrote you. But
Charles Ashdown and I are endeavoring to get some new members, and I
believe we shall have a stronger and better Chapter than ever.--David J.
Howell, Sec.

439, _Wilmington, Del._ We have collected more cocoons and chrysalids this
winter than ever before. Many of them are very rare, among them, _Achemon_,
_P. satellitia_, _Smerinthis gemmatus_, _E. imperalis_, and _Callosama
angulitera_.--Percy C. Pyle.

440, _Keene, N. H._ We have several hundred specimens, mostly _lepidoptera_
and _coleoptera_. Have found a great many fine beetles lately under the
bark of dead trees and stumps where they pass the winter. We always note
the place of capture of all specimens, and all other items of
interest.--Frank H. Foster, Sec.

448, _Washington, D. C._ We bring to our third anniversary, a gratifying
sense of well-being and desert, with promise of continued vigor. Our
portfolios hold 343 reports, and every member is there represented. Our
fifty books and pamphlets are read with application. We are ambitious for a
children's Chapter, and long to make discoveries. Perhaps some of us may
some day, and with this thrilling thought we are planning careful summer
walks, with thoughtful "observation books."--Sabelle Macfarland.

450, _Fitchburg, Mass._ As we have consolidated all our Fitchburg Chapters
into one, now known as No. 48, Fitchburg, A, there is no special report
from 450, but I think we now have an earnest society on a solid
foundation.--Geo. F. Whittemore.

453, _Oswego, N. Y._ Active. Will soon hold meetings weekly instead of
fortnightly. Special study for the year has been archaeology and geology.
Have been much interested in the _archeopteryx_. On archaeology, will send
you a more lengthy report.--Will A. Burr, Sec.

[_The promised report came in due time, and it is a masterpiece of patient
work,--carefully illustrated with drawings of Indian arrow-heads, axes,
pottery, needles, fish-hooks, pipes, and anvils. It covers twelve pages
closely written. We value it, and have placed it carefully on file._]

460, _Washington, D. C._ This Chapter was organized in the spring of 1882
from a small association we then had; it had already existed for two years
or more when we heard of the A. A. We concluded this would give us a wider
scope for scientific investigations, and so made formal application for
admission into the Association, which had already advanced with marvelous
rapidity.

Vernon M. Dorsey, an unusually promising mineralogist and chemist, was
elected president. When a new member was elected it cost him nothing, so he
was elected with the full consent of _all_ the members, not one objecting.
Passive members were allowed in this Chapter, they paying ten cents a
month, which money went into the treasury.

We adopted most of the rules and regulations in the Hand-book, and, after
having arranged the executive portion of the Chapter, we commenced to have
a regular course of essays or lectures, on Tuesdays and Thursdays, given by
the active members, which lectures the passive members could attend if so
inclined. After the lectures we generally had debates, and as each member
had a different branch of Natural History to which he devoted his
attention, the lectures and debates were not monotonous.

We ran on pretty smoothly for about a year and a half, until the money in
the treasury commenced to accumulate, when, with the exception of one or
two members, the Chapter spontaneously combusted.

We have never been able to rebuild it. We can hold no meetings. _It
exists_, really, _only in name_, because the prospects for the future look
rather dull.

If you will allow our Chapter to remain on the list, I should much prefer
you would do so.

I have carried on investigations in various branches of zooelogy, but, as
this is merely a report of the Chapter, I will not enter into details
concerning them.

I hope that the other Chapters will meet with better success than ours,
though it may yet revive.

                             Yours respectfully,  F. A. Reynolds, Cor. Sec.

[_We are sorry that this excellent Chapter experienced "spontaneous
combustion," but we hope and believe that it will ere long also experience
voluntary resurrection._]

465, _Waterville, Maine._ Our president has moved away. The rest of us have
been exceedingly busy. We have been obliged to vacate our room, and, as we
could not get another, have had to store our specimens. But we are not dead
yet! Far from it! It is only a case of suspended animation. We fully expect
to take up work again this summer.--Charles W. Spencer, Sec.

[_Not even "suspended animation;" the Chapter is only catching its breath
for more vigorous exertion._]

470, _Nicollet, Wis._ Still prospering. We have a small room nicely fitted
up, in our High School building, of which we are quite proud. We have a
working membership of twenty-four, and hold regular meetings.

[_A friend of the Chapter adds to this report of Miss Sara Ritchie, the
secretary, the following:_]

"I was exceedingly interested in listening to the different members
reporting formally the occurrence of our spring birds, with which was
associated the arrival of certain insects. Two years ago, such reports were
impossible, as the observing faculties of very few of the members had been
sufficiently trained. If nothing more has been acquired, this one habit of
close observation, developed by our A. A. work, is worth all it may have
cost those who have encouraged and carried out the plan of the
Association."


CHANGE OF ADDRESS

The address of Chapter 850 is now simply Chapter 850 A. A., Box 1587,
Bangor, Maine.


EXCHANGES.

Correspondence with other family Chapters whose members are beginners in
botany or entomology.--Mrs. R. Van Dien, Jr., Box 13, Hohokus, Bergen Co.,
N. J.

Correspondence desired. Entomology and botany.--Paul L. Smith, 3348 Indiana
Av., Chicago, Ill.

Postmarks and fossils (_Lingulipis pinnaformis_) for books on zooelogy.
Write first.--Chas. F. Baker, St. Croix Falls, Wis.

_Cecropia_ moths for other _lepidoptera_.--W. B. Greenleaf, Box 311, Normal
Park, Ill.

Correspondence with other Chapters earnestly desired.--Stephen R. Wood,
Sec. 776, Oakland, Cal.

Florida (east coast) shells, star-fishes, coquina, small live alligators,
etc., etc., for anything rare or curious.--J. Earle Bacon, Ormond, Volusia
Co., Fla.

Coquina, trap-rock, asphaltum, Skates' egg-case, key-hole shell, and
cocoons.--C. R. Sleight, Sec. Ch. 409, Sag Harbor, L. I., N. Y.

All kinds of Chinese curiosities for fine Indian relics.--Kurt
Kleinschmidt, Box 752, Helena, Montana.


NEW AND REORGANIZED CHAPTERS.

_No._  _Name._      _No. of Members._      _Address._

 957   Galveston, Texas (B)       9   Emma E. Walden, Cor. 34th
                                      and N. 1/2 streets.

 958   Greenup, Ky. (A)          20   Mrs. Geo. Gibbs, Box 104.

 959   Hartwick Sem., N. Y. (A)   5   Alfred A. Hiller.

 960   Geneva, N. Y. (C)          6   F. H. Bachman, Box 559.

 961   Hartford, Conn. (G)       12   Austin H. Pease,
                                      4 Canton street.

 962   Kansas City, Mo. (B)       5   R. F. Breeze, 611 E. 17th St.

 963   Geddes, N. Y. (A)          4   G. E. Avery, Box 76.

 964   Manchester, Iowa (A)      20   Fred Blair.

 965   Three Rivers, Mich. (A)    7   G. W. Daniels.

 966   Randolph, Ill. (A)        24   Miss Grace Stewart.

 863   Hinsdale, Ill. (B)         9   N. H. Webster.

  60   Rockport, Mass, (A)       12   Chas. H. Andrews.

 145   Indianapolis, Ind. (A)     8   G. L. Payne,
                                      care of T. B. Linn.

 352   Amherst, Mass.             4   Miss Edith S. Field.

DISBANDED.

 349   Linden, N. J.                  E. H. Schram.
                                      [_Members removed._]

 494   Northfield, Vt.                T. M. Hitt.

 535   Chapel Hill, N. J.             Miss Clara J. Martin.

 371   Granville, O.                  Miss Ida M. Sanders.

  83   St. Louis (A)                  Maud M. Love.
                                      [_Members removed._]

 190   Duncannon, Pa.                 Miss Annie I. Jackson.

         Address all communications for this Department to

                                        MR. HARLAN H. BALLARD, Lenox, Mass.




THE RIDDLE-BOX.


ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN THE JUNE NUMBER.

HALF-SQUARE 1. Canada. 2. Arena. 3. Neat. 4. Ant. 5, Da(w). 6. A.

RHOMBOID Across: 1. Sloop. 2. Organ. 3. Ergot. 4. Eerie. 5.
Sandy.----CROSS-WORD ENIGMA, Blossom.

ST. ANDREW'S CROSS OF DIAMONDS. I. 1. P. 2. Fur. 3. Fares. 4. Puritan. 5.
Retip. 6. Sap. 7. N. II. 1. N. 2. Fen. 3. Fagin. 4. Negroes. 5. Niobe. 6.
Nee. 7. S. III. 1. N. 2. Pen. 3. Puman. 4. Nemesis. 5. Nasal. 6. Nil. 7. S.
IV. 1. N. 2. Ben. 3. Baton. 4. Nettles. 5. Nolle. 6. Nee. 7. S. V. 1. S. 2.
Let. 3. Livid. 4. Several. 5. Tired. 6. Dad. 7. L.

"DIAMOND" PUZZLE. Across: 1. S. 2. Ape. 3. Bream. 4. Car. 5. R. Downward:
1. B. 2. Arc. 3. Spear. 4. Ear. 5. M.

BURIED CITIES. 1. Berne. 2. Basle. 3. Bergen. 4. Quito. 5. Herat. 6.
Mandalay. 7. Venice. 8. Bremen.

A BERRY PUZZLE. 1. Dogberry. 2. Checkerberry. 3. Strawberry. 4. Shadberry.
5. Barberry. 6. Raspberry. 7. Partridgeberry. 8. Snowberry. 9.
Thimbleberry. 10. Gooseberry. n. Elderberry. 12. Bayberry.

DIAMOND. 1. S. 2. Lea. 3. Larva. 4. Serpent. 5. Avert. 6. Ant. 7. T.

DOUBLE ACROSTICS. Primals, Thomas; finals, Arnold. Crosswords: 1. ThaliA.
2. HorroR. 3. OberoN. 4. MikadO. 5. AstraL. 6. SinbaD.

P1    In June 'tis good to lie beneath a tree
      While the blithe season comforts every sense,
      Steeps all the brain in rest, and heals the heart,
      Brimming it o'er with sweetness unawares.
      Fragrant and silent as that rosy snow
      Wherewith the pitying apple-tree fills up
      And tenderly lines some last year robin's nest.

                                                    _James Russell Lowell._

BEHEADINGS. Trinity. 1. T--ape. 2. R--asp. 3. I--con. 4. N--ail. 5. I--man.
6. T--ide. 7. V--end.

DOUBLE DIAGONALS. From 1 to 2, chaffinch; from 3 to 4, goldfinch.
Crosswords: 1. Corroding. 2. Childhood. 3. Gradually. 4. Confident. 5.
Chafferer. 6. Exhibited. 7. Penitence. 8. Acoustics. 9.
Hair-cloth.----CHARADE. Jack-stones.

METAMORPHOSES. 1. Ape; ale, all, ail, aim, rim, ram, ran, man. 2. Oars;
bars, bard, card, cord, cold, colt, coat, boat. 3. Lead; bead, beat, belt,
bolt, bold, gold. 4. Warm; harm, hard, card, cord, cold. 5. One; owe, awe,
aye, dye, doe, toe, too, two. 6. Age; aye, dye, die, hie, his, has, gas.

TO OUR PUZZLERS: In sending answers to puzzles, sign only your initials or
use a short assumed name; but if you send a complete list of answers you
may sign your full name. Answers should be addressed to ST. NICHOLAS
"Riddle-box," Care of THE CENTURY CO., 33 East Seventeenth Street, New York
City.

ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER were received, too late for
acknowledgment in the June number, from Esther Reid, East Melbourne,
Australia, I--R. F. Graham, London, England, 1.

ANSWERS TO ALL THE PUZZLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER were received, before April
20, from "B. L. Z. Bub, No. 1,"--Paul Reese--Emma St. C. Whitney--"The
McG's"--May and Julia--Ed, Beth, and Charlie--Maggie T. Turrill--Arthur and
Bertie Knox--N. B. Oakford--M. G. Jackson--"Cricket and Cripsy"--Elisabeth,
Richard, and Ruth--Pough--etc.--Dorothea E. Kennade--Josie and
Lillie--Blanche and Fred--"B. L. Z. Bub, No. 2"--"The Spencers"--C. and S.
Andrews--The Stewart Browns--"May and 79 "--Effie K. Talboys--Delia, Lou,
Ida, and Lillie--"San Anselmo Valley"--Madge and the Domimie--Edith
McDonald--Maud E. Palmer--Mary Ludlow--Mamma and Jokie--"Clifford and
Coco"--Francesco and Co.--Mamma and the Girls--Shumway Hen and
Chickens--"Theo.Ther"--Alice--M. E. d'A.--Blithedale--"Betsy
Trotwood"--Belle and Bertha Murdock--Judith--Randolph and Robert--"Miss M.
and the Gals"--W. R. M.--Nellie and Reggie--Fannie and Louise
Lockett--Bertha H.--"R. U. Pert"--Francis W. Islip--X. and Y.--Alice and
Lizzie Pendleton--Frying-pan--Hallie Couch--S. and B. Rhodes and de
Grassy--Savoir et Sagesse--X. Y. Z. and Ulysses--B. Z. O.--Carrie Seaver
and Alice Young--Dash.

ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER were received, before April 20, from
Foster and Remer, 2--Clark Holbrook, 3--"Triangle," 4--J. M. Moore,
1--Eleanor B. Ripley, 6--E. M. Benedict, 1--"Block and Chip," 9--H. E.
Hanbold, 2--A. G. Tomay, 2--E. O. Brownell, 2--Geo. S. Seymour and Co.,
9--N. Beall, 2--Philip and Mamma, 4--N. L. Peacock, 1--"Yum Yum," 2--E.
Parks, 1--F. A. and H. C. Hart, 2--Alice and R. G., 1--Maud S., 1--"Egg,"
1--B., H., M., M., and A. Read, 1--Bub and Bubess, 1--"Infant," 1--Pepper
and Maria, 9--A. Ransom and W. Chase, 1--A. H. Sibley, 1--Ned L. Mitchell,
4--Eddie B., 1--"Lone Star," 7--A. F. S., 1--G. E. C. and E. B. F., 5--M.
Kershey and S. Sweet, 9--G. E. Campbell, 3--G. F. Cameron, 2--B. Sudduth,
2--Kendrick Bros., 9--R. B. C., 2--E. and K. Mitchell, 3--L. D. Shropshire,
1--"J. McDuffe," 1--"Doane-utsand Rice," 1--"Phlimpy," 2 --D. Thomas and
Auntie, 2--"Snags," 2--F. Althaus, 4--Daisy Condell, 3--Me and Be, 2--N. E.
Miner, 4--Geo. Hawley, 5--A. B. Smith, 2--R. K. Allison, 1--M. Flurscheim,
1--Mrs. Emma Sloat, 3--Millie Atkinson, 1--H. Frost, 1--B. C. Ketchum.
1--Billy and Me, 7--S. R. Manning, 1--Mamma and Belp, 1--Rose H. Wedin,
1--Mary and Jennie Butler, 4--No name, Fredericksburgh, 4--"Dixie," 2--M.
S. Bird, 1--R. L. Foering, 1--F. Jarman, 3--E. F. and F. E. Bliss, i--L.
and C. Kendrickson, 2--Tessie Gutman, 7--A. D. C., 2--Joe and Billy, i--L.
Wainman, 2--"Yum Yum," 1--N. L. Howes, 2--"B. Rabbit and T. Baby," 4--H. S.
Chalmers, 1--"Pen and Ink-bottle," 1--Maginnis, 1--J. R. F. S.,
1--Christine and Cousin, 5--I. M. Lebermann, 6--Albert and Gussie, 1--C. J.
Tully, 2--Laura W. and Alice M., 2--Grace E. Keech, 6--Agnes Converse,
4--"Head-lights," 1--C. Gallup, 1--C. W. Chadwick, 2--Prof. P. H. Janney,
1--E. E. Hudson, 1--"Dixie and Pixie," 1--"Mr. Pickwick," and "Sam Weller,"
8--M. F. Davenport, 1--"89 and Chestnuts," 1--J. A Keeler, 6--Edith, Grace,
and Jessie, 2--Bessie Jackson, 4--H. N. and Nickie Bros., 2--J. M. B., G.
S., and A. Louise W., 8--K. L. Reeder, 1--Mamie R., 9--Walter La Bar, 8--H.
C. Barnes, 1--Jennie Judge, 3--E. H. Seward, 3--"The Lloyds," 8--A.
Wister, 2--Fred T. Pierce, 6--Lucia C. Bradley, 8--Puzzle Club, 9--Alina
and Estelle, 1--Pearl Colby and Nell Betts, 7--Eleanor and Maude Peart,
7--S. B. S. Bissell, 4--Estelle and Edith, 1--F. J. and Flip, 2--"Mohawk
Valley," 8--H. Allen, Jr., 1--R. Lloyd, 5--Mamma and Fanny, 9--Mrs. E. and
Grace E., 5--L. Delano and M. Wilson, 8--I. and E. Swanwick, 5--Anonymous,
4--Herbert Wolfe, 9--Lulu May, 7--No name, 7--"Koko and Pitti-sing,"
1--Sallie Viles, 9--Tessie and Henri, 3--Murray and Percy, 9--S. L. Meeks,
6--Marjorie Daw, 1--C. and H. Condit, 8--"Peggotty," 7--Katie, 1--Edith
     Young, 3--Two Cousins, 9--Eva Hamilton, 9--Chip and Block, 2.

[Illustration]




NUMERICAL ENIGMA.

I am composed of ninety-three letters, and am a famous toast given at
Norfolk by a distinguished naval officer who was killed in a duel in 1820.

My 89-41-8-49 is a preposition. My 22-73-33 is belonging to us. My
53-15-46-65-29-85 is a specter. My 57-70-1-10 is a float. My 25-59-3 is a
term used in addressing a gentleman. My 13-76-48-19 is stockings. My
68-83-26 is to fasten. My 75-5-81 is bashful. My 62-91-6-80 is a division
of time. My 69-23-44-55 is restless. My 27-35-37-18-50-90 is the name of a
season. My 67-63-92-88-47 is the Christian name of a famous American poet.
My 31-28-20-58 is a conflagration. My 30-72-82-24-32-64 is intense dread.
My 4-51-17-12-42-60 is a military engine. My 9-34-93-16-45-14-78-86 is a
body of men commanded by a colonel. My 40-2-74-38-21-87-54-71-56 are
renegades. My 36-39-61-79-52-11-7-66 84-77-43 is a machine-gun that can
fire two hundred shots a minute.


CUBE.

                                  1 . . . . 2
                                . .     . . .
                              .   .     .   .
                            3 . . . . 4     .
                            .     .   .     .
                            .     5 . . . . 6
                            .   .     .   .
                            . .       . .
                            7 . . . . 8

From 1 to 2, a parent; from 2 to 6, tranquillity; from 5 to 6, a
useful instrument; from 1 to 5, a feminine name; from 3 to 4, consuming;
from 4 to 8, voracious; from 7 to 8, actively; from 3 to 7,
the flag which distinguishes a company of soldiers; from 1 to 3, a
very small fragment; from 2 to 4, resounded; from 6 to 8, not difficult;
from 5 to 7, part of the day.                                  DAVID. H. D.


CHARADE.

  My _first_ is that happy position
    The holders of stock love to see;
  'T is the point above which the aspiring
    Are evermore hoping to be.

  My _second_ made haste for the doctor;
    His mother was ailing, he heard;
  And that mother ever had taught him
    To revere and be kind to my _third_.

  Then he went to my _whole_ and requested
    Its master his mother would see,
  For he knew that my _first_ and my _second_
    To his mother most welcome would be.

                                                                   W. H. A.


ANAGRAMS.

The letters of each of the following anagrams may be transposed so as to
spell the name of a well-known novel.

1. Nod, quiet ox. 2. Wilt sit over? 3. Visiting near H. 4. Earning my gun.
5. Lord Poicy is south. 6. But no nice clams. 7. I hem when I want to. 8.
Is it of papa's homely Ted? 9. If we have lifted a cork. 10. We quit Dr.,
and run.                                                        E. L. G. M.


METAMORPHOSES.

The problem is to change one given word to another given word, by altering
one letter at a time, each alteration making a new word, the number of
letters being always the same, and the letters remaining always in the same
order. Sometimes the metamorphoses may be made in as many moves as there
are letters in each given word, but in other instances more moves are
required.

EXAMPLE: Change LAMP to FIRE in four moves. Answer, LAMP, LAME, FAME, FARE,
FIRE.

1. Change COW to RAT in three moves. 2. Change HARD to SOFT in six moves.
3. Change LEFT to EAST in four moves. 4. Change HIT to LOW in four moves.
5. Change LONG to WEST in five moves.

                                                           "D. I. VERSITY."


RHOMBOIDS.

                         . . . . .
                           . . . . .
                             . . . . .
                               . . . . .
                                 . . . . .

I. ACROSS: 1. Poison. 2. An ancient philosopher memorable for his
friendship with Pythias. 3. Large bundles. 4. A substance obtained from
certain trees. 5. A strip of leather.

DOWNWARD: 1. In prove. 2. A nickname. 3. To seize by a sudden grasp. 4. A
famous mosque. 5. Certain burrowing animals. 6. A cosy place. 7. A title of
respect. 8. A word of denial. 9. In prove.

II. ACROSS: 1. A very wealthy man. 2. A bricklayer. 3. Inhabitants of a
certain European country. 4. To send back. 5. A benefactor.

DOWNWARD: 1. In Rhine. 2. A verb. 3. Vicious. 4. A low ridge of stone or
gravel. 5. Freed from osseous substance. 6. The name of a captain in one of
Jules Verne's stories. 7. Iniquity. 8. A preposition. 9. In Rhine.

                                                           NORA L. WINSLOW.


PI.

Nilgang yam eb dais ot eb os kile eth hatemcatsim atth ti nac veern eb
fylul ratlen.


ZIGZAG.

Each of the words described contains the same number of letters, and the
zigzag, beginning at the upper left-hand letter, will spell a day famous in
history.

1. A creeping vine. 2. A common insect. 3. A cover. 4. Nourished. 5.
Placed. 6. A boy's nickname. 7. A kitchen utensil. 8. To augment. 9. An
extremity. 10. A conjunction. 11. A fabulous bird. 12. Conducted. 13. To
delve. 14. A month. 15. A song.

                                                          HENRY C. ROBERTS.


HOUR-GLASS.

                           1 . . . * . . . 3
                             . . . * . . .
                               . . * . .
                                 . * .
                                   *
                                 . * .
                               . . * . .
                             . . . * . . .
                           4 . . . * . . . 2

ACROSS: 1. Unmarried women. 2. With quick beating or palpitation. 3. A
musical term meaning "slowly." 4. A gentle blow. 5. In water. 6. An
exclamation. 7. A marked feature. 8. A French coin. 9. More comely.

The central letters spell articles much worn during the summer. The letters
from 1 to 2 name the delight of invalids during the summer months; from 3
to 4, an instrument used for timing races.

                                                             "L. LOS REGNL"




Transcriber's Note: All apparent printer's errors retained. Formatting transcribed as close as possible to original book.





End of Project Gutenberg's St. Nicholas v. 13 No. 9 July 1886, by Various

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ST. NICHOLAS V. 13 NO. 9 JULY 1886 ***

***** This file should be named 36750.txt or 36750.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
        http://www.gutenberg.org/3/6/7/5/36750/

Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Alex and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net


Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
http://gutenberg.org/license).


Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works

1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.

1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.

1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
     License.  You must require such a user to return or
     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
     Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
     of receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.


Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.


Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at http://pglaf.org

For additional contact information:
     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
     Chief Executive and Director
     gbnewby@pglaf.org


Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit http://pglaf.org

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate


Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.

Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.


Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.


Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

     http://www.gutenberg.org

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.