A

Abate, lessen, put an end to, A. 123; B. 1356.

Abate, abode, A. 617.

Abayst, downcast, abashed, B. 149, pret. of abaisse or abash, Fr. esbahir.

Able, A. 599.

Abof, above, A. 1023.

Abominacione, B. 1173.

Abroched, commenced, A. 1123.

Abyde, (a) await, A. 436, 486; (b) endure, B. 7. A.S. abidan.

Abydyng, sb. C. 419.

Abyme, abyss, A. 363; B. 143.

Abyt, habit, dress, B. 141.

Accorde, Acorde,

agreement, A. 509, Fr. accorder, to agree with.

Achaped, escaped, B. 970.

Achaufe, kindle, B. 1143.

Acheue, accomplish, A. 475.

Acroche, encroach, A. 1069, Fr. accrocher, to hook on; from croc, a hook.

Adaunt = daunt, A. 157.

Adoun, down, A. 988; B. 953.

Adreȝ, aside, aback, B. 71. The word is used by Gower under the form adrigh. O-dreghe, one-dreghe, 117b are other forms of the word. Sc. on-dreich.

Adubbement, Adubmente,

adornment, A. 84, 85, O.Fr. adoubement; dober, douber, garnish, deck; Fr. douber, to rig or trim a ship; Prov. Fr. adobar, to arrange, prepare.

Adyte, A. 349.

Affraye, sb. fear, A. 1174; vb. frighten, B. 1780; Fr. effrayer, to scare, affright; effroi, terror. Cf. fray, to scare birds.

Affyen, trust, C. 331.

Agayn, Agayne, Agaynes,

against, B. 266, 826, 1711.

Agayneȝ, towards, B. 611.

Agayn-tote, sb. a looking back, B. 931. Tote, look, peep, as a 118 verb or a noun, is common in Old English writers.

Age, A. 412, B. 426.

Aglyȝte, slipped from, A. 245. Glyȝt, as a verb, signifies not only to slip but to glance, look. Cf. leme = gleam, glance, slip.

Alabaunderynes, B. 1470.

Alarom, alarm, B. 1207.

Al-bare, clearly, A. 1025.

Alce = als, also, B. 1377.

Alder = elder, A. 621, Aldest, A. 1042, B. 1333.

Alder-men, elders, A. 887.

Alegge, alledge, A. 703.

Aliche, alike, B. 1477.

Alkaran = alkatran, B. 1035.

Alle-kynneȝ, all kinds of, A. 1028.

Allyt = a lyt = ? a little, B. 599.

Almyȝt, almighty, A. 498.

Alofte, on high, B. 1183.

Al-one, A. 933.

Al-only, except, A. 779.

Alosed, destroyed, B. 274. See lose.

Alow, approve, praise, reward, A. 634. O.Fr. louer. Lat. laudare.

Aloynte, removed, far from (from O.E. aloigne, alogne, to remove, carry off. O.Fr. aloigner).

Aloȝ, alow, softly, B. 670.

Als, also, A. 253, 827, B. 516.

Also, as, B. 984, 1045, 1792.

Also-tyd, Als-tyd, As-tyd,

at once, immediately, B. 64. See tyd.

118b

Al-þaȝ, although, A. 759.

Alþer-fayrest, fairest of all, B. 1379.

Alþer-fynest, finest of all, B. 1637.

Alþer-rychest, richest of all, B. 1666.

Alþer-swettest, sweetest of all, B. 699.

Alum, B. 1035.

Amaffised, B. 1470.

Amaraunȝ, B. 1470.

Amatyst, amethyst, A. 1016.

Ame, (1) vb. place, A. 698; (2) sb. purpose, B. 128. Germ. ahmen. Bavarian, amen, hämen, to guage a cask, fathom, measure.

Amended, B. 248.

Amesyng, sb. moderation, C. 400. See mese.

Amoneste, admonish, B. 818.

Amounted, B. 395.

Amoynt, company, A. 895.

And = an, if, B. 864.

An-ende (on-ende), lastly, finally, A. 186.

An-ende = anente, opposite, A. 1136; respecting, A. 697.

An-endeȝ = anentes, opposite, A. 975. Sc. anens.

Anger, A. 343, B. 572.

Angré, bitter, B. 1035.

Anguych, anguish, C. 325.

Ankreȝ, anchors, A. 418, B. 103.

Anon, at once (= anane, onane, in one moment), A. 584.

Anournement, ornament, B. 1290.

Anoynted, B. 1446.

Answar, answer, A. 518.

Anter, peril, C. 242. To aunter, put a thyng in daunger, or adventure, adventurer (Palsgrave).

119

An-vnder, under, A. 1081. Sc. anonder. Cf. down and adown, low and alow.

Aparaunt, B. 1007.

Apassed, past, A. 540.

Apert, openly, A. 589.

Apparaylmente, ornaments, A. 1052.

Apparement, ornaments, B. 1270. Fr. appareiller, to fit, suit.

Appose, vb. question, A. 902. Fr. apposer, to lay or set on, or near to.

Aproche, A. 686, B. 8, 167. Fr. approcher, draw near. Lat. prope, near.

Apyke, adorn, B. 1479, 1637.

Aquyle, demand, ask, obtain, A. 690, 966. O.Fr. aquillir, to gather.

Aray, Araye,

A. 719, 1166; B. 816, 1442. O.Fr. arroyer, arréer, dispose, set in order.

Arayned, arraigned, C. 191. O.Fr. arraisonner, arraigner.

Are, before, previously, B. 438, 1128.

Arende, errand, message, C. 72, A.S. aerend, aerende.

Arest, sb. abode, resting place, B. 906.

Areset, vb. stop, cease, A. 766, remain, B. 144. Fr. arrester. Lat. arestare.

Arewarde, apostate, B. 208. Sc. areird, backward.

Arn, Arne,

are, A. 458, 628, B. 8, 1810.

Aryue, A. 447.

Aryȝt, aright, A. 112.

Arȝe, terrify, frighten, fear, B. 572, 119b 713. Provincial arfe, arghe, afraid. Cf. “Arwe or ferefulle (arwhe, K. arowe or ferdfulle P.). Timidus, pavidus, formidolus.” (Prompt. Parv.) The original notion is that of laziness, inertness, and hence timidity, fear, etc. A.S. earg, inert, timid, weak. Ger. arg, bad. Du. erg. Icel. argr, lazy, cowardly. Sc. argh, arch, to hesitate, be reluctant.

Ar, are, B. 1725.

Are ? ane, one, A. 711.

As, also, B. 179.

As-bare, ? al bare, clearly, openly, A. 836.

Asayl, B. 1188.

Ascape, escape, B. 569.

Ascry, sb. cry, outcry, A. 1784. vb. B. 195. Swed. anskri, outcry, scream. O.N. skri, cry.

Asent, Asente,

A. 391, “in asent,” B. 788.

Askeȝ, ashes, B. 626.

Askry, shout, cry, B. 1206. See ascry.

Aslypped, escaped, lost, C. 218.

Aspaltoun, asphalt, B. 1038.

Asperly, sharply, C. 373.

120

Assayl, C. 301.

Asscaped, escaped, B. 1776.

Asscry, cry, shout. See ascry.

Assemble, B. 1364, 1769.

Assemblé, A. 760.

Asspye, espy, see, A. 704, 1035.

Assyse, Asyse,

form, fashion, A. 97, A. 844, service, B. 639.

Astate, state, A. 393.

Astraye, A. 1162.

Astel, stole from, B. 1524.

As-tyt, immediately, at once, A. 645, B. 935.

Asure, B. 1411.

Aswage, A. 3.

At, that, A. 672.

Atlyng, purpose, B. 688. Sc. ettle, to endeavour. N.Prov.E. ettle, attle, intend. Icel. aetla.

Aþel, noble, A. 258, 411, 940, gracious, A. 761, fine, B. 1276, A.S. aeþele, noble, excellent.

Atount, so much (?), A. 179.

At-slyke, slip away, A. 575.

Atteny, attain, reach, A. 548.

Attled, endeavoured. See atlyng.

Attled, endowed, B. 207. It sometimes occurs under the form aghteld. N.Prov.E. ettle, to deal out, distribute. A.S. aeht, possession.

At-wappe, escape, B. 1205. See Wap.

Atyre, B. 114.

Augoste, august, A. 39.

Auncetereȝ, auncestors, B. 258.

120b

Aven, Aune,

own, B. 11, 1222.

Aunte, A. 233.

Aunter, adventure, marvel, B. 1600. See T. B. 1899.

Auter, altar, B. 10.

Autly, noble, B. 795. A.S. áhtlíce, courageously, manfully.

Avaunt, sb. promise, B. 664.

Avayment, show, B. 1358. F. avoier.

Auaye, show, B. 1311.

Auenture, adventure, A. 64. O.Fr. aventure.

Auise, advise, B. 1365.

Avow, B. 664.

Avoy, away! B. 863.

Avyle, defile, B. 1151, 1713.

Avysyoun, vision, A. 1184.

Awayed, shown, A. 710.

Awayle, avail, B. 408.

Awowe, avow, C. 333.

Ay, always, ever, A. 33, 720. A.S. áva, a, all, ever. O.Fris. a. Germ. je, ever.

Ayre, heir, B. 650, 1709.

Ayþer, each, A. 831.

Aywhere, everywhere, B. 228.

Aȝer = asure, B. 1457.

Aȝly = awly, fearfully, B. 874, 937. Dan. ave, fear. Eng. awe. O.Eng. agh. Cf. A.S. aglác, misery, grief.

Aȝt, Aȝte,

ought, pret. of aȝe, agh, or awe, B. 122.

Aȝt, eight, A. 357, B. 11, 29.

Aȝt-sum, sorrowful, B. 411.

Aȝtþe, eighth, A. 1011.

B

Baboyne, baboon, B. 1409.

Babtem, A. 627. See Baptem.

121

Bachlereȝ, batchelors, young men not yet raised to the order of knighthood, B. 86.

Baft, abaft, C. 148. A.S. baefta, the hinder part.

Bagge, baggage. C. 158. 

Bale, bales, C. 157. Sw. bal. Fr. balle, bal, a ball or pack.

Bale, sorrow, woe; also misery, calamity, A. 18, 373; A. 1243, 1256; baleȝ, A. 123, 807. O.Fris. bale. A.S. bealu, torment, destruction. Icel. böl. Phrases: “bodyly bale” (pain), A. 478; “bale (torment) of helle,” A. 651, “bale-stour,” death pang, B. 426.

Baleleȝ = baleless, innocent, C. 227.

Balke, ridge of land, balk, A. 62. Icel. balkr, the division between the stalls in a cow-house. Sw. balka, to partition off.

Balleful = baleful, wretched, wicked, B. 979.

Balter, hop, jump, skip, C. 459.

Balterande, halting, limping, B. 103. Sc. balter, to dance.

Etymologically it is connected with palter and falter, and is applicable either to the unsteady gait of the lame or faltering steps of the blind.

Baly = bayly, authority, jurisdiction, dominion, A. 1083.

121b

Baneres, B. 1404.

Banne, proclamation, decree, B. 95, 1361.

Banne, curse, B. 468, 885. Sw. bann, excommunication; banna, to reprove, chide, curse.

Banne, comfort, strengthen, B. 620. O.Sc. bawne.

Bantel, A. 991, 1017; B. 1459, posts, pillars.

Baptem, baptism, A. 627, 653.

Baptysed, A. 818.

Barayn, barren, B. 659.

Bare, adj. naked, B. 452; sb. 791.

Bare, only, B. 1573. Sw. bara.

Bared, disclosed, B. 1149.

Bare-heued, bare-headed, B. 633.

Bareres, Barreȝ,

bars, barriers, A. 963, 1239; B. 321. W. bar, rail, shaft. Fr. barre; barrière, a barrier. Cf. Sw. s-parre. Eng. s-par.

Barme, bosom, C. 510. A.S. bearm. “Barme gremium.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Barnage, childhood, B. 517.

Barne, child, son, A. 426; barneȝ, A. 1040; B. 1085. Sc. bairn. A.S. bearn.

Baronage, nobility, B. 1424. See T. B. 211.

Barouneȝ, barons, B. 82, 1398.

Barreȝ, Barers,

bars, B. 884, 1263.

Barst, burst, B. 963.

122

Base, Basse,

base, foundation, A. 1000, B. 1278. See T. B. 1652.

Bassyn, basin, B. 1145, 1278.

Bastele, B. 1187. “Bastyle of a castelle or cytye. Fascennia.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Basyng, base, A. 992.

Bated, abated, B. 440.

Bater, B. 1416.

Batelment, B. 1459.

Baþe, dip, plunge, B. 1248.

Bausen, badger, B. 392. “Bawstone or bawsone, or a gray, Taxus, melota.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Bawelyne, bow-line, B. 417.

Bay, recess, B. 1392. The original meaning seems to be opening of any kind. Cf. bay, space in a building between two main beams (Forby).

Bayly, dominion, A. 315, 442.

Bayn, adv. readily, willingly, A. 807, A. 1511; ready, B. 136. N.Prov.E. bane, near, convenient. “Beyn or plyaunte. Flexibilis.” (Prompt. Parv.) Bainly, readily, T. B. 135.

Baysment, abasement, A. 174.

Bayte, B. 55. O.N. beita.

Baytayled, fortified, B. 1183.

Beauté, A. 749.

Bed, Bede,

bid, command, invite; p.p. beden, A. 715, B. 95, 440. See T. B. 389.

Beke, beak, B. 487.

Bekyrande, sb. bikering, fighting, B. 1474. “Bekyryn or fyghtyn (bikkeringe), Pugno, dimico.” (Prompt. Parv.)

122b

Bele, vb. boil, A. 18. N.Prov.E. bele.

Bem, beam, ray, “bem of þe brode heuen,” B. 603.

Bem, tree, A. 814.

Ben, Bene,

are, 3rd pers. pl. A. 572.

Bench, seat, B. 130, 854.

Bene, fair, A. 198.

Bene, adj. kind, merciful, C. 418.

Bent, field, plain, B. 532, 1675. See T. B. 1192.

Ber, bore, pret. of bere, to bear, A. 426, B. 1480.

Berdles, beardless, B. 789.

Bereste, breast, A. 854.

Berfray, watch tower, B. 1187. O.F. berfroi, beffroit. Fr. beffroir. M.Lat. belfredum. The modern English belfry is a corruption of berfray.

Beryl, A. 110, 1011.

Beryng, condition, state, behaviour, B. 1060, 1228.

Best, beast, B. 288, 351.

Beste, sb. best (one), A. 279.

Besten, of beasts, B. 1446.

Bete, (the fire) mend, repair, kindle, A. 627, p.p. bet, B. 1012. Prov.E. beat, to mend, repair. A.S. bétan, (1) to improve, repair; (2) joined with fyr to mend a fire, to light or make a fire, to kindle.

Bete, save, A. 757. A.S. bétan, to remedy. Du. boeten, mend, fine, expiate.

Betȝ = bes, shall be, A. 611. Present tense with future signification.

Beuerage, drink, liquor, B. 1433, 123 1717. Fr. beuvrage, from Lat. bibere.

Bewar, beware, B. 292.

Bewté, A. 765.

Beyng, sb. being, existence, A. 446.

Bibbe, sip, drink, B. 1499. Prov.E. beb. Du. biberen, to drink much.

Bicalt, becalled, called from, A. 1163.

Bi-cnv, acknowledged, B. 1327.

Bidde, bide, abide. C. 51.

Biden, p.p. of bide = abide, B. 616.

Bifalle, Byfalle,

befal, A. 186.

Bifore, before, A. 49.

Bigge, Bygge,

great, A. 43, bygger, B. 374.

Bigge, build, B. 1666. A.Sax. byggan. Icel. byggia. O.Sw. bygga, build, also inhabit.

Bigly, strongly, C. 321. See T. B. 904.

Bigonne, began, B. 123.

Bihynde, behind, B. 918.

Biholde, behold, B. 150.

Bihyȝt, promised, C. 29.

Bikenne, give, hand over, B. 1296.

Bilde, built, B. 1392.

Bileue, remain, B. 1549.

Bilooghe, below, B. 116.

Birle, pour out, B. 1511. Prov.E. burl. A.S. byrelian, to give to drink.

123b

Birolled, berolled, B. 959.

Biseche, beseech, B. 614.

Bisoȝten, besought, C. 375.

Bispeke, speak, C. 169.

Bisyde, beside, B. 926.

Bi-talt, aroused, A. 1161. A.S. tealtian, tealtrian; (1) to tilt, shake; (2) to be in danger. William of Shoreham uses one form of this word:

Biteche, give up to, entrust to, B. 871; pret. bitaȝt.

Bited, bit, C. 373.

Biþenkke, Biþenke,

bethink, B. 1357.

Biþoȝt, bethought, B. 125.

Bityde, betide; pret. bitydde, C. 61. 

Bityde, befall, B. 1804.

Blade, B. 1105.

Blake, black, A. 945; B. 747, 1449.

Blame, vb. A. 275; A. 877, 1661; sb. B. 43.

Blande, “in blande,” together, B. 885. See blende.

Blasfamye, Blasfemyon,

B. 1661, 1712.

Blayke, yellow, A. 27. Brockett has blayke with the sense of yellow, of a golden colour. “Bleyke of coloure.” Pallidus, subalbus. (Prompt. Parv.)

124

Blaȝt, white, A. 212, p.p. of bleach, just as raȝt is of reach. Sc. blaucht.

Ble, colour, complexion, A. 76, 212; B. 791, 1759. Prov.E. ble, bly. A.S. bleo.

Bleaunt, a robe of fine linen, A. 163. O.Eng. bliant, fine linen, W. llian, linen. The bl is merely an imitation of the Celtic ll.

Blench, stratagem, device, B. 1202. O.N. blekkia.

Blemyst, blemished, B. 1421. O.Fr. blesmir.

Blende, Blente,

blended, mingled, mixt. A. 385, 1016; B. 967, 1788. A.S. blendian. Icel. blanda, to mix.

Blo = bla, blue, livid, pale. A. 1017; B. 134. O.H.G. blao, N.Fris. bla. O.Sc. bla.

Blober,
Bluber,

= blubber, waves, C. 221, 266. Prov.E. blubber, bubble; blob, bleb, a bubble. “Blobure (blobyre, P.) Burbulium.” (Prompt. Parv.) “Blober upon water (or bubble) bouteillis.” (Palsg.) “The water blubbers up.” (Baker, Northamptonshire Glossary.)

Blod, a child, B. 686. Supposing the bl to represent ll we might refer it to the W. llawd, a youth, 124b lad. O.Sw. g-lott. Cf. bliant, bleant, from W. llian.

Blod, blood, A. 650.

Blok, space, C. 272.

Blom, Blome,

flower, bloom, A. 578, B. 1467. Sw. bloma, a flower. Du. bloeme. Ger. blume. “Blome flowre. Flos.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Blomeȝ, blooms, flowers, A. 27.

Blonk, horse, pl. blonkeȝ, B. 87, 1392. See T. B. 2371.

Blonkken, gen. pl. of horses, B. 1412.

Blosched, looked, C. 343. See Blusch.

Blose = blese, blaze, flame. A. 911. Icel. blossi, a flame. A.S. blaese, a torch. Dan. blus.

Blot, spot, blemish, defilement, A. 782.

“Ye ben worthy, he saide, to be blottede and spottede, foulede and defoulede with fenne (mire) and with drit of water (luto inquinari), and of blode, that in tyme of werre ne were nat be bespreynt, ne be wette with ennemyes blode.” (Quoted by Way, from Roy. MS. 18, A. xii. B. iii. c. 10.)

Blubrande = blubbering, bubbling, foaming, B. 1017. See blobber.

Blunt, rushed, C. 272.

Blunt, faint, A. 176. Icel. blunda, to sleep. Sw. blunda, to close the eyes. Dan. blende, to dazzle. Cf. “Blunt of wytte. Hebes.” (Prompt. Parv.)

125

Blusch,
Blusche,

look, glance, A. 980, 1083, B. 904, 998, 1537. N.Prov.E. blush, resemblance. Cf. “At the first blush,” at the first appearance, at first sight. Dan. blusse, to blaze, flame, glow. There seems to be an etymological connection with words signifying to look, glow, blaze, shine, etc.

Blusnande, Blysnande,

shining, B. 1404. Icel. blys. Dan. blus, a torch. Du. blos, redness. Dan. blusse, to glow. Icel. lysa, to shine. Pl.D. bleistern, to glisten.

Bluster, B. 886, to wander or stray about.

Blwe, blue, A. 423.

Blwe, blew, B. 885.

Blykked, shone, B. 603. A.S. blican, glitter, dazzle. Ger. blicken, shine, glance, look. Du. blicken, glitter; blick, a flash.

Blyknande, shining, B. 1467.

Blykned = blaykned, became black, B. 1759.

125b

Blynde, to become faded, dull, B. 1126.

Blynne, cease, A. 729, B. 440, 1661, 1812. A.S. blinnan (for be-linnan).

Blysfol, Blysful,

blissful, A. 279, 409.

Blysnande, shining, A. 163. See blusnande.

Blysned, shone, A. 1048.

Blyþe, joy, A. 354. Blythe is still used as a noun in the North of England.

Blyþely, joyfully, A. 385.

Bobaunce, boasting, Fr. bobance, B. 179, 1712.

Bod, Bode,

command, A. 979; B. 56. A.S. bod, gebod, command, precept, message. “Bode or massage (boode, H.) nuncium.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Bod = abode, pret. of bide = abide, A. 62; A. 982; wait for, B. 467.

Bodworde, message, B. 473. See T. B. 6262.

Bodyly, A. 478.

Boffet, blast, B. 885.

Boffeteȝ, buffets, blows, A. 809; boffet, B. 43.

Bok-lered, book-learned, B. 1551.

Bold, bad, A. 806. A.S. báld, audacious. Sw. båld, proud, haughty, warlike. In early English writers the term was applied indifferently to men and women of bad character.

126

Bol, bull, A. 1682; pl. boleȝ, B. 55.

Bole, the round stem of a tree, A. 622. It enters also into composition in the word throte-bolle. Pl. bolleȝ, B. 76. Icel. bolr. Dan. bul. Sw. bål, trunk of a man’s body. See T. B. 4960.

Bolle, bowl, B. 1145, 1511. A.S. bolla. Icel. bolli.

Bolled, embossed, B. 1464.

Bolnande, swelling, B. 179.

Bolne, swell, A. 18; B. 363. Icel. bolgna. Sw. bulna, to swell. In some early English works we find bollen (ibolȝe) the p.p. of a verb bolȝe = bulge, swell. “Bolnyn, Tumeo, turgeo, tumesco.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Bonc, bank, A. 907.

Bone, prayer, petition, command (= boon). A. 912, 916; B. 826. A.S. ben. S.Sax. bone. O.N. bón rogatio. “Bone or graunte of prayer (boone P.) Precarium, peticio.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Bone, good, B. 28.

Boner, Bonere,

good, B. 733.

Bonerté, goodness, A. 762.

Bongre, willingly, agreeably to, C. 56. See Gre.

Bonk, bank, hill, A. 931, B. 379. Ger. bank, bench, bank of a river, etc.

Bor, bower, chamber, dwelling, A. 964. A.S. bur, a chamber. Icel. bur. N.Prov.E. boor, a parlour.

Bore, born, A. 239, B. 584.

Borde, table, B. 1433, 1717.

126b

Borde, board of a vessel, A. 470; B. 211.

Boreȝ, boars, B. 55.

Borges, burgess; sometimes written burgeise, C. 366. O.Fr. bourgeois, from Lat. burgensis.

Borgoun, to burgeon, bud forth, B. 1042. Fr. bourgeon, bourjon, young bud or sprig. Prov. Fr. boure, bud. Fr. abourioner, to bud or sprout forth. See T. B. 4964.

Borlych, burly, B. 1488.

Borne = burne, stream, water, A. 482; borneȝ heued, head of the stream, source, B. 974. A.S. burne. Goth. brunna. Icel. brunnr. G. born, brunnen, well, spring.

Bornyst, burnished, A. 77, 220, B. 554. Fr. brunir, to polish.

Boroȝt = broȝt, brought, A. 628.

Borȝ, Borȝe,

city, town, A. 957, 989, B. 45, 834, 1750. A.S. burg, burh. Goth. baurgs. Icel. borg.

Bos = bus = behoves, B. 687.

Bosk, take, A. 351; boske to, go to, B. 834. See Busk.

Boskeȝ, bushes, B. 322. Icel. buskr.

Bosum, bay, C. 107. Cf. N.Prov.E. bosom, the eddy.

127

Bost, boast, arrogance. B. 179, 1450.

Boster, boaster, B. 1499.

Bostwys = busteous, boisterous, rough, fierce, A. 814. Pl. Du. büster, wild, fearful, savage. Cf. “Boystows, rudis.” (Prompt. Parv.) Bustus, rudis, rigidus, to be bustus, rudere. (Cath. Angl.) The form bostwys would seem to point to bost, boast, as the probable root.

Bot, “to bot,” to boot, B. 473.

Bot, command, B. 944. A.S. beot, threat, promise.

Bot, only, A. 18, 382, except, A. 972; bot-if, unless, B. 1110.

Bote, saviour, A. 275, 645; remedy, safety, C. 163. A.S. bót, amends, atonement; gebétan, to make amends. Du. boet, remedy; boeten, to mend.

Boþe, booth, tent, C. 441.

Boþem,
Boþom,

valley, dale, A. 383, 450; pit, sea, B. 1030. Bottom, a valley, is still used in many of our provincial dialects, and is a frequent element in local names. A.S. botm, lowest point, depth, abyss. Du. bodem. Germ. boden. Icel. botn.

Bothem, bottom, C. 144.

Boþemleȝ, bottomless, B. 1022.

Bouel, Bowel,

bowel, gut, A. 1251; B. 293.

Bougoun (?) B. 1416.

Boun, (1) ready; (2) finished, A. 534, 992, 1103. See T. B. 827. N.Prov.E. boun. Icel. bua, to prepare, p.p. buinn, prepared, ready.

127b

Bounden, fastened, A. 322; bound (p.p. of binde), B. 1103.

Bounet, went, pret. of boun or bown, to go, B. 1398. See boun. See T. B. 827, 5230.

Bounté, goodness, B. 1436.

Boureȝ (bowers), chambers. B. 322. See Bor.

Bourne = burne, man, A. 617.

Bourȝ = borȝ, city, B. 1377. See Borȝ.

Boute, without, A. 260, 824; B. 523.

Bow, Bowe,

to go, walk, literally, to bend (one’s steps). A. 126, 974; B. 45, 379, 482.

A.S. búgan, to bow, bend, avoid, flee.

Bowe, obey (bend to), C. 56, 75.

Boy, a boy, youth, B. 878.

Boyeȝ, boys, men of low position, servants; generally used in a bad sense, “boyeȝ bolde,” A. 806.

Boȝ = bow, go, A. 196; B. 1242, 1551. See Bow.

128

Boȝe, bough, B. 616, 1467.

Boȝt, bought, A. 651.

Boȝted, curved, C. 449. A.S. bugan, to bend. Dan. bugt, bend, turn. Sc. bought, to fold, bend.

Brade, broad, A. 138.

Brake vp = break up, throw up, spew, C. 340. Ger. sich brechen. Du. braeken, to vomit. “Brakyn, or castyn or spewe. Vomo.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Braken (brake, bracken), fern, B. 1675, Sw. bräken, Dan. bregne, Icel. brok, sedge. “A brakane filix, a brakan, buske filicarium.” (Cath. Angl.)

Braste, burst, C. 148.

Brathe = breþe, anger, ire, also fierceness. A. 1170; B. 916. O.N. braedi, anger. It sometimes signifies angry.

Braþeȝ, pl. of braþe, A. 346.

Braunches, B. 1464.

Braundysch, display, A. 346.

Bray, utter (aloud), roar, A. 346. Sw. bräka.

Brayde, brought, A. 712; aroused, awakened, A. 1170; “at a brayde,” at a start (Icel. at bragdi), at once, A. 539; “in a brayd,” in a moment, B. 1507. O.N. bregtha, weave, move, brandish, seize, awake, to leap, start. Bragth, quick motion. 128b

Brayden, ornamented, p.p. of braid, B. 1481.

Bred, bread, B. 636.

Brede, Bred,

= breed, become, A. 1558; replenish, A. 415, 814; B. 257.

Brede, board, C. 184. “Brede or lytylle borde. Mensula, tabula, tabella, asserulus.” (Prompt. Parv.) A.S. bred, plank, board, etc.

Brede, breadth, A. 1030.

Brede, stretch out, A. 814.

Breed, bred, C. 143.

Bref, short, brief, A. 268.

Brek, broke, B. 1105, 1239.

Breme, full, complete, A. 863. A.S. breme, famous, glorious.

Breme, fierce, A. 346; A. 229; B. 430. Du. bremen, to burn with desire. Fris. brimme, to rage.

Bremly, vigorously, B. 509.

Brend, Brende,

= brente, burnt, bright, A. 989; B. 1292.

Brennande, burning, B. 1012.

Brenne, burn, B. 509, 916.

Brent, burnt, bright, A. 106.

Brent, steep; superl. brentest, highest, B. 379. N.Prov.E. brant, steep. Sw. brant, steep, a precipice. 129

Brere, briar, B. 791, 1694. N.Prov.E. brere, breer. A.S. brér.

Bresed, rough, like bristles, shaggy (?), B. 1694. Cf. Sc. birs, birse, bristle.

Brest, attack, outburst, B. 229. N.Prov.E. birst, attack (Brockett). O.E. burst = injury, A.S. byrst.

Breste, to burst, B. 1783.

Breth,
Brethe,

wind, C. 107, 138; smell, vapour, B. 509, 967. Cf. “brethe of smoke.” (Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience, l. 4727.) Sc. broth. Ger. brodem, broden, steam, vapour. A.S. bræth, an odour, scent, breath. “Brethe at his wille.” (T. B. 1945.)

Breth, wrath, B. 916. See Brath.

Breue, tell, A. 755.

Breued, related, written, B. 197. O.N. brefa.

Breyþed, rushed, B. 1421. See Braid.

Brod, great; “brod wonder,” B. 584.

Brode, broad, A. 650.

Brok, Broke,

brook, river, stream, A. 981; pl. brokeȝ. A. 1074, sea; C. 145. A.S. broca.

129b

Brom (broom), heath, C. 392. A.S. bróm.

Bronch, branch, B. 487.

Bronde, sword, B. 1246. O.N. brandr.

Brond, brand, B. 1012.

Broþe, angry, fierce, rough, B. 149, 1409. The original form in O.E. is brathe. It is connected with brethe, brathe, anger, wrath.

Broþely, Broþlych,

fierce, rough, and hence vile, bad, A. 848, 1030; vilely, A. 1256; B. 474. The original form is braþly, fiercely, vigorously.

Broun, brown, A. 537, 990.

Browden, clustered, B. 1132.

Broȝt, brought, A. 286.

Brugge = brigge, bridge, B. 1187. A.S. bricge.

Brunt, blow, A. 174.

Brurd, border, edge, B. 1474. Sc. breard. A.S. brerd, breard, briord, breord, brim, margin, rim, shore, brink.

Brurd-ful, brimful, full up to the brim, B. 383. Chaucer uses bret-ful in the same sense.

130

Brutage = bretage, parapets of a wall, ramparts, B. 1190. Fr. breteche.

Bruxle, upbraid, reprove, C. 345. O.N. bríxla, to reprove, reproach.

Brych, filth, uncleanness, B. 848. The meaning here assigned to brych is conjectural. Cf. Du. brack, refuse, damaged. Ger. brechen, to vomit, Bryche as an adjective occurs in Robt. Brunne’s “Handlyng Synne,” p. 182, where it is glossed low (loghe) i.e. vile.

Bryd, lady, A. 769. A.S. bryd, a bride, a wife, woman.

Brydde, bird, B. 288, 1482.

Brydale, wedding, marriage, B. 142.

Brym, Brymme,

bank, shore, A. 232, 1074. Dan. bremme.

Brymme, stream, water, B. 365. 130b A.S. brym, the sea. In this sense brymme seems to have been unknown to the Southern dialect.

Brynkeȝ, brinks, banks, B. 384.

Brynston, brimstone, B. 967.

Bryȝt, adj. bright, A. 110; sb. bright one, A. 755.

Bukkeȝ, bucks, B. 392.

Bulde, built, B. 1190.

Buleȝ, bulls, B. 392.

Bulk, stern of a ship. A.S. bolca, O.H.G. pl. balkun. Agiavia, loca per quæ ad remiges acceditur. (Graff. iii. p. 108.)

Bur, Burre,

blow, assault, A. 176; C. 7. O.Sc. byr, a blow. N.Prov. birre, burr. W. bur, violence, rage. See Wicliffe, St. Luke, viii. 33.

Bur, wave, C. 148. Prov.E. bore. Icel. bara. O.Ger. bare. Du. baar, wave, billow. In Laȝamon, vol. iii. p. 121, Þe beares occurs in the latter version for þa vðen of the older copy.

Burde, behoved, A. 316; C. 117, 507. O.N. byrjar. Dan. bör.

Burde, a woman, lady. B. 80, 653. See Bryd. See T. B. 3984.

131

Burghe, Burȝ, Burȝe,

city, town, A. 980; A. 982; B. 366.

Burne, man, A. 397, 712; A. 1202; “burneȝ & burdeȝ,” men and women, B. 80. A.S. beorn, warrior, hero.

Burnist, Burnyst,

burnished, B. 1085.

Burre, blow, A. 176. See bur.

Burþen, burden, B. 1439.

Butter, B. 636.

Burȝ, city, town, B. 1666. See burghe.

Busch, Busche,

= buske, to go, A. 1416; B. 143, 472.

Busily, laboriously, B. 1446.

Busk, prepare, made ready, dress, to direct one’s steps towards a place, to go, hasten. A. 142, 333, 351, 633, 1395; B. 437. Icel. at buast (for at buasc) = at bua sig, to bend one’s steps, to prepare, etc. See T. B. 1186.

Busmar, scorn, mockery, B. 653. A.S. bismer, reproach, blasphemy.

Bustwys, impetuous, fiery, A. 911. See bostwys.

Busyeȝ = busies, troubles, A. 268.

Buyrne = burne, man, C. 340. See Burne.

Bycalle, call, A. 913.

Bycalt, aroused, called, A. 1163.

Bycom, became, A. 537.

131b

Byde, abide, A. 399; suffer, A. 664; A. 32; remain, B. 449, 622. 

Bydene, quickly, A. 196.

Bye, buy, A. 732.

Byfallen, befallen, B. 1629.

Byfore, before, A. 530.

Bigge, Byge,

great, B. 229.

Byggyng, Bygyng,

building, A. 932; dwelling, B. 378. A.S. byggan, to build, Icel. byggia. See T. B. 1379.

Bygly, great, strong; “bygly bylde,” great building, A. 963. See T. B. 5216.

Bygonne, Bygonnen,

begun, p.p. of byginne, A. 33; A. 749; began, B. 549.

Bygyn, begin, A. 547.

Bygynner, beginner, A. 436.

Byhelde, beheld, B. 452.

Byhod, behoved, A. 928. Cf. bud, behoved; bus, behoves.

Byholde, behold, A. 810; B. 64.

Byhynde, Byhynden,

behind, B. 653, 980.

Byld, Bylded,

built, See Bulde.

Bylde, building, A. 727, 963.

Bylyue, immediately, at once, quickly, B. 353, 610.

Bynde, bine, woodbine, C. 444. Sw. binda. Ger. winde. Eng. bind-weed.

Bynne, within, B. 452, 467.

Byrled, poured out, B. 1715. See Birle.

Bysech, Byseche,

beseech, A. 390.

Byseme, beseem, A. 310.

132

Bysulpe, defile, B. 575. See Sulpe.

Byswyke, defraud, A. 568. A.S. swícan, deceive.

Bysyde, beside, B. 673. 

Bytaȝt, Bytaȝte,

= betaught, entrusted, confided; pret. of biteche, A. 1207; B. 528.

Byte, fierce, A. 355.

Byþenk, repent, B. 582.

Bytterly, adv. B. 468.

Bytwene, between, A. 140, 658.

Bytwyste, betwixt, A. 464.

Bytyde, betide, happen, A. 397; B. 522.

Byye, buy, A. 478.

Byȝe, crown, A. 466; ring, collar, B. 1638. A.S. beáh, beág, ring, collar, diadem.

Byȝonde, beyond, A. 141, 146, 158, 981.

C

Cable, C. 102.

Cace, case, chance, C. 265.

Cache,
Cachche,

= catch, drive away, take away. (1) “cache to,” run to, A. 629; (2) take, A. 898, 1252. Cachche, to knock together, A. 1541. Cached, caught, B. 1800. Prov. Fr. cacher. Fr. chasser. It. cacciare.

Cachen (3d pers. pl. of cache), B. 16.

Cagged, drawn along (?), B. 1254.

Caggen (3d pers. pl. pres. of cagge), draw (?), A. 512.

Cal, sb. call, invitation, B. 61.

Calder, colder, A. 320.

Calleȝ, addresses, C. 411.

Callyng, sb. proclamation, B. 1362. N.Prov.E. calling, notice. “Callynge, or clepyng to mete: Invitacio.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Calsydoyne, chalcedony, A. 1003.

Cambe, came, A. 775.

Canacle, B. 1461. M.Lat. canicellus, a little box, chest.

Candel, C. 472.

Candelstik, B. 1478.

Capeles, horses, B. 1254. Capul or caple, horse. Caballus. (Prompt. Parv.)

Capstan, B. 418.

Captyuidé, captivity, B. 1612.

Caraldes, C. 159.

Carayne, carrion, B. 459.

Care, sorrow, A. 50, 371; B. 777. A.S. cáru. Goth. kara.

Careful, sorrowful, B. 770.

Carf, carved, formed, C. 131.

Carfully, sorrowfully, B. 1252.

Carle, a low fellow, a churl, B. 876. A.S. ceorl, a man, countryman. Du. kaerle. Ger. kerl.

Carneles, battlements, embrasures, B. 1382.

Carpe, sb. discourse, A. 883; 133 parable, A. 23; speech, B. 1327.

Carpe, vb. to discourse, talk, speak, A. 381; A. 74; of carpe, discourse of, B. 752. “Carpyn or talkyn, fabulor, confabulor, garrulo.” (Prompt. Parv.) Port. carpire, cry.

Carping, discourse, speech, B. 1550.

Cas, case, A. 673.

Cast, Caste, Kest,

condition, A. 1163.

Cast, look, B. 768.

Casydoyne, B. 1471. See Calsydoyne.

Catel, wealth, B. 1296.

Cawse, reason, B. 65.

Cause, A. 702.

Cayre, to turn one’s steps to a place, to go, A. 1031; B. 85, 901, 1259. “Kaire to þi londe,” T. B. 836. A.S. cérran. Ger. kehren. Du. keeren, to turn.

Cayser, emperor, B. 1322.

Caytif, wretched, B. 1426.

Caȝt, Caȝte,

caught, A. 50; caȝte of, took off, A. 237; caȝt away, A. 1275; B. 485. See Cache.

Certeȝ, truly, B. 105.

Cerue, cut, dig, B. 1547.

Ceté, city, A. 927.

Ceuer, recover, reach, A. 319.

Chace, drive, A. 443.

Chambre, A. 904; B. 1586.

Chapel, A. 1062.

Charde, turned, A. 608. A.S. cérran, to turn, avert. Cf. ajar, older form a-char, on-char.

133b

Charged, commanded, B. 464.

Charged, loaded, B. 1154, 1295.

Chariote, B. 1295.

Charyté, A. 470.

Chast, chasten, B. 860.

Chastyse, B. 543.

Chaufen, heat, increase, B. 128.

Chaunce, chance, B. 1125.

Chaundeler, candlestick, B. 1272.

Chaunge, change, B. 1588.

Chawleȝ, jaws, C. 268. N.Prov.E. chavel. A.S. ceafl. S.Sax. cheuele. Cp. the vulgar phrase “cheek by jowl.”

Chayer, Chayere,

chair, seat, A. 885; B. 1218.

Chef, chief, B. 684, 1238.

Cheftayn, chieftain, B. 1295.

Chekke, B. 1238.

Chere, cheer, A. 407; countenance, A. 887. Prov. Sp. cara, O.Fr. chiere, countenance, favour, look.

Cheryche, Cherisch,

cherish, B. 128, 543, 1154, 1644.

Ches, chose (pret. of chese), A. 759.

Cheualrye, chivalry, B. 1238.

Cheue, achieve, accomplish, B. 1125. Fr. achever, to bring to a head, accomplish. Fr. chevir, to compass.

Cheuetayn, Cheuentayn,

chieftain, A. 605; B. 464. O.Fr. chevetaine.

Childer, Chylder,

children, A. 718; B. 1300.

Chorles, churl, B. 1258. See Carle.

Chos, went. See “chosen,” T. B. 490.

Chyche, niggard, A. 605. Fr. 134 chice, avarice. Chynche and kynche are other forms of the same word.

Chyde, A. 403.

Chyldryn, (gen. pl.) of children, B. 684.

Chylled = chilled, shivered, became cold, C. 368.

Chysly = choysly, aptly, well, B. 543.

Ciences, sciences, knowledge, B. 1289.

Clam (pret.), climbed, B. 405.

Clambe (2 sing. pret.), climbedst, A. 773.

Clanner, cleaner, B. 1100.

Clanly, Clanlych,

cleanly, purely, A. 2; A. 264, 1089, 1327; neatly, B. 310. T. B. 53.

Clannes, clannesse, cleanness, purity, A. 1, 12, 1809.

Claryoun, clarion, B. 1210.

Clater, Clatter,

shatter, B. 912.

Clatering, clattering, B. 1515. Du. klateren, to rattle.

Clatȝ, clash, clatter, B. 839. Ger. klatschen, to clap; klatsch, slap, clash.

Clawres, claws, B. 1696. Clawres is perhaps an error for clawes. It may, however, be another form of O.E. clever, claver, a claw. Du. klaveren, kleveren. 134b N.Prov.E. claiver, to claw oneself up, to scramble.

Clay, A. 312. Clay-daubed, B. 492.

Clayme, call for, cry for, B. 1096.

Cleche, receive, take, A. 12. “Cleches to,” takes, lays hold of, B. 634. Sc. cleik, clek, cluke, claw, hook; cleke, cleik, catch, snatch. O.Sw. klaencka, to snatch, seize.

Clef, cleft, split (pret. of cleve), B. 367.

Clem, claim, A. 826.

Cleme, daub, plaster with clay, B. 312. N.Prov.E. cleam. Clam, to daub, glue. S.Prov.E. cloam, earthenware; clomer, a potter. A.S. clem, clám, clay; clæmian, to clam, smear.

Clene, perfect, whole, B. 1731.

Clenge, cling, stick, B. 1034. Dan. klynge, to cluster, crowd. S.Prov.E. clunge, to crowd, squeeze; clungy, sticky.

Clente, clenched, fastened, A. 259. Cf. queynte = quenched, dreynte = drenched.

Clepe, to call, B. 1345. A.S. clypian.

Cler, Clere,

clear, A. 2, 207; bright, A. 620, 735; plain, B. 26.

Clergye, learning, B. 1570.

Clerkeȝ, clerks, scholars, B. 193.

Clernes, clearness, beauty, B. 1353.

135

Cleþe, clothe, B. 1741.

Cleȝt, Clyȝt,

= clutched, fastened, (p.p. of cleche), A. 858; fixed, B. 1655.

Clobbeȝ, clubs, B. 839.

Clos, enclosure, house, B. 839.

Clos, closed, A. 183; B. 12.

Closed, enclosed, B. 310.

Clot, mount, hill, A. 789. In the “Owl and Nightingale,” 999, we find clude, a hill. A.S. clúd. Low Ger. kloot, a hill.

Clot, soil, earth, A. 22, 320. Du. klot, klotte, clod, clot.

Clotteȝ, clods, A. 857.

Cloþ, sail, C. 105.

Cloutes, Clowteȝ,

pieces, B. 367, 965.

Cloystor, cloister, A. 969.

Cluchche, clutch, B. 1541.

Clustered, B. 367, 951. See T. B. 1647.

Clutte, clouted, patched (?), B. 40. A.S. clút, a clout.

Clyde, plaister (?), B. 1692. A.S. clitha. Cf. “Clyte, clete, or vegge (clete or wegge, K.) cuneus.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Clyffe, cliff, A. 159; B. 405, 965.

Clyket, clicket, latch, B. 858. Prov. Fr. cliche, a latch, bolt. Clyket of a dore, clicquette. (Palsgrave.)

Clynge, wither, decay, A. 857. A.S. clingan.

Clyppe, fasten, B. 418. A.S. clyppan, to embrace.

Clypper, shearer, A. 802.

135b

Clyue, Clyuy,

cleave, cling to, B. 1630, 1692. Du. kleeven, klijven, to fasten. A.S. clífan.

Clyuen, cleave, A. 1196.

Clyȝt, clutched, stuck, B. 1692.

Cnawe, know, acknowledge, C. 519.

Cnawyng, sb. knowledge, A. 859.

Cnoken, knock, A. 727.

Cob-hous = cov (cow)-house (?), B. 629. Cob may be another form of Prov. Ger. colb, a heifer.

Cof, quickly, A. 60, 898; quick, B. 624. A.S. cáf, quick, expert.

Cofer, Cofere,

coffer, chest, coffin, A. 259; ship, ark, B. 310, 339; jewel box, 1428. Fr. coffre.

Cofly, quickly, B. 1428.

Coge, boat, C. 152. Cogges with cablis cachyn to londe, T. B. 1077.

Cokreȝ, cockers, a kind of rustic high shoes or half boots fastened with laces or buttons, B. 40. “Cocur boote. Ocrea. coturnus.” (Prompt. Parv.) The term is still used in the north of England = gaiters, leggings.

Cole, coal, B. 456.

Cole, cool, C. 452.

Colde, great, severe, A. 50; “careȝ colde,” great sorrow, A. 808.

Coler, collar, B. 1569, 1744.

Colored, B. 456.

Colour, A. 753.

Coltour = coulter, (of a plough), B. 1547. Fr. coultre. Lat. culter.

136

Colwarde, deceitful, B. 181. See note on this word. Cf. kolsipe (col-ship), deceit.

Comaunde, B. 1428.

Combre, to trouble, destroy, B. 901, 1024. Du. kommer, kombre, loss, adversity, care, grief.

Combraunce, trouble, B. 4. See T. B. 726.

Come, sb. coming, arrival, A. 1116; B. 467

Comende, A. 1.

Comfort, Comforte,

sb. A. 55, 357.

Comly, Comlych,

comely, A. 259; B. 546.

Commune, common, A. 739.

Comparisune, vb. compare, B. 161.

Compas, A. 1072, B. 319, 1455.

Compast, B. 697.

Compaynye, company, B. 119.

Comyne, B.    .B See T. B. 12863.

Con = can, did (used as an auxiliary of the past tense), A. 453; A. 1561; coneȝ, didst, B. 482.

Conacle = canacle, cup, B. 1515.

Conciens, conscience, A. 1089.

Concubine, B. 1353.

Condelstik, candlestick, B. 1275.

Confourme, conform, B. 1067.

Coninge, Connyng,

wisdom, science, B. 1611, 1625.

Conquere, B. 1431, 1632.

Conquerour, B. 1322.

Conquest, conquered, B. 1305.

Consayue, conceive, B. 649.

Conterfete, counterfeit, feign, B. 13.

Contraré, contrary, A. 4, 266; in contrary, opposite, B. 1532.

136b

Controeued, contrived, B. 266.

Contryssyoun, contrition, A. 669.

Conueye, guide, B. 678, 768.

Coosteȝ, properties, B. 1033.

Coperounes, tops, B. 1461. “Coporne or coporoun of a thyng (coperone, K. H. coperun, P.), capitellum.” (Prompt. Parv.) “The Catholicon explains capitellum as signifying merely the capital of a column, but in the Medulla it is rendered ‘summa pars capitis.’” (A. Way, in Prompt. Parv.)

Coppe, top; “hyl coppe,” A. 791. A.S. copp, head, top, apex.

Corage, heart, B. 1806.

Corbyal, raven, B. 456.

Cordes, C. 153.

Coroun, sb. A. 237; vb. A. 415, 767.

Cors, course, B. 264.

Corse, corpse, A. 320.

Corse, to curse, B. 1032, 1583.

Corsye, corrosive, B. 1034.

Cortays, Cortayse,

courteous, A. 433; A. 512; pure, B. 1089.

Cortaysye, courtesy, A. 468, 480; good conduct, B. 13.

Cortaysly, courteously, A. 381; kindly, B. 564, 1435.

Corte, court, A. 701.

137

Cortel, kirtle, A. 203. A.S.cyrtel. Dan. kjortel, a garment either for a man or woman.

Corteȝ, courteous, A. 754.

Corupte, B. 281.

Coruen (p.p. of kerue), cut, reaped. A. 40; B. 1407.

Cost, contrivance, B. 1478. A.S. costian. O.Sw. kosta. Du. koste, to try, attempt. This word is sometimes written cast. See “William and the Werwolf,” p. 167.

Cost, coost, property, B. 1024, 1033.

Cost, coast, border, side, B. 85.

Costoum, custom, B. 851.

Coumforde, comfort, A. 369.

Counseyl, Counsayl,

counsel, A. 319; B. 683, 1201.

Counte, B. 1685, 1731.

Countenaunce, appearance, B. 792.

Counterfete, defraud, A. 556.

Countes, countess, A. 489.

Courtaysye, courtesy, A. 457.

Cout, cut, B. 1104.

Couthe, knew, known, B. 813, 1054.

Coueyte, covet, desire, B. 1054.

Couenaunde, Couenaunt,

covenant, A. 562, 563.

Couetyse, covetousness, B. 181.

Cowpe, cup, B. 1458.

Cowþe, could; cowþeȝ, couldst, A. 484.

Cowwardely, cowardly, B. 1631.

Coyntyse, skill, craft, B. 1287. Coint, skilful, occurs in T. B. 125. “hir coint artys.” Cf. Coyntly, T. B. 164.

Crafte, power, wisdom; pl. crafteȝ, 137b A. 356; contrivance, A. 890; power, C. 131.

Crageȝ, crags, B. 449.

Crak, sound, B. 1210.

Craue, ask, pray for, A. 663; beg, B. 801.

Crede, creed, A. 485.

Cresse, cress, A. 343.

Creste, A. 856.

Croked, bad, B. 181.

Crokeȝ, reapinghooks, sickles, A. 40.

Croneȝ, cranes, B. 58.

Crossayl, cross-sail, C. 102.

Croukeȝ, croaks, B. 459.

Cruppeleȝ, cripples, B. 103.

Cry, proclamation, B. 1574.

Crysolite, Crysolyt,

chrysolite, A. 1009.

Crysopase, chrysoprasus, A. 1013.

Crystal, A. 159.

Cumly, A. 929. See Comly.

Cupborde, B. 1440.

Cupyde, Cubit,

B. 315, 319, 405.

Cumfort, C. 485.

Cupple, pair, B. 333.

Cure, care, A. 1091.

Curious, B. 1353.

Cyté, Ceté,

city, A. 927, 939.

D

Dale, A. 384 (phrase: “doun and daleȝ,” hill and dale), B. 121.

Dalt, dealt, fulfilled, B. 1756.

Dam, stream, A. 324; the deep, B. 416. Icel. dammr. Dan. dam, a fish pond.

Dampned, damned, condemned, A. 641.

Dampped, quelled, B. 989. Ger. 138 dampfen, to suffocate, choke. Du. dempen. Sw. dåmpa, to extinguish, repress, damp.

Damysel, damsel, A. 489.

Dare, to tremble, be afraid, A. 839. Sw. darra, to tremble, shake.

Dard = dured, endured, A. 609.

Daschande, dashing, C. 312.

Dasande, stupefying, B. 1538.

Dase, lie hid, cower, C. 383. Cf. dare, to lie hid, cower. For the interchange of r and s compare O.E. gaure, to gaze.

Dased, stupid, frightened, A. 1085. Sc. dozen, dosen, to stupefy, benumb. Du. daesen, to lose one’s wits; daes, dwaes, foolish, mad. (Kil.) Prov. Ger. dasen, to be still.

Date, A. 492; limit, A. 493; time, A. 504, 516; age, A. 1040.

Daube, daub, plaister, B. 313, 492. Prov.E. daub, clay. “Dawber or cleyman; dawbyn, lino, muro.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Daunce, dance, A. 345.

Daunger, power, A. 11; insolence, B. 71.

Dawande, dawning, C. 445. A.S. dagian, to become day. Icel. dagan, dawn.

Daweȝ, days; “don out of daweȝ,” deprived of life, dead, A. 282.

Dayly, A. 313.

Daynty, B. 38, 1046.

Day-rawe, daybreak, B. 893; rawe 138b or rewe signifies a streak. Cf. day-rim, in “Owl and Nightingale,” l. 328.

Daȝed, dawned, became day, B. 1755. See Dawande.

Debate, strife, contest, A. 390.

Debonere, gracious, courteous, kind, A. 162; B. 830.

Debonerté, goodness, A. 798; C. 418.

Dece = dese, seat of honour, B. 38, 1399. See Dese.

Declar, explain, B. 1618.

Declyne, A. 333.

Decre, decree, A. 1745; B. 386.

Dedayn, disdain, displeasure, A. 74; B. 50.

Defence, prohibition, B. 243, 245.

Defoule, defilement, C. 290.

Defowle, to defile, B. 1129, 1147.

Degre, degree, condition, B. 92.

Degres, steps, A. 1022.

Dekenes, deacons, B. 1266.

Dele, deal, distribute, give, A. 606; exchange, B. 1118.

Dele, utter, B. 344.

Dele (dole), sorrow, A. 51.

Deled, dealt, C. 193.

Delful, doleful, sorrowful, B. 400.

Delfully, dolefully, sorrowfully, A. 706.

Delyt, delight, A. 642, 1116.

Delyuer, delivered, B. 1084.

Delyuer, deliver, A. 652; B. 500.

Deme, deem, judge, A. 312, 313; A. 1118; utter, decree, A. 1745; C. 119; call, name, B. 1020, 1611. A.S. déman.

139

Demerlayk, Demorlayk,

magic, glamour, B. 1561, 1578. S.Sax. dweomer-lake, magic. A.S. dweomere, a juggler.

Demme, vb. become faded, lost, A. 223. A.S. dem, damage, hurt, loss.

Demmed = dammed, collected (?), B. 384. A.S. demman, to dam, stop water. Carr gives demin, a term applied to clouds when collected in masses. Sw. dämma. O.Fris. demma, to stop, obstruct.

Dene, vale, dale, A. 295. A.S. dene, denu.

Denely, loud, A. 51.

Denned, resounded. If it does not signify dinned, it must mean settled, took up its abode. A. 51.

Denounce, renounce, forsake, B. 106.

Departe, separate, part, A. 378; B. 396, 1677.

Depaynt, painted, adorned, A. 1102.

Dep, Depe,

profound, A. 406; B. 1609.

Depres, depress, A. 778.

Depryue, A. 449; take away, B. 185.

Dere, vb. to harm, injure, A. 1157; B. 862. See T. B. 1260. A.S. derian, to hurt, damage, injure.

Dere, precious, A. 400; valuable, B. 1792. A.S. deóre, dear, precious.

Dere, dear ones, A. 777.

139b

Derelych, Derely,

= dearly, beautifully, excellently, A. 995; very, B. 270.

Dereȝ, sb. harms, injuries, A. 102. See T. B. 920. A.S. dar, daru, hurt, harm.

Derf, great, bold, B. 862. O.N. diafr. Sw. djerf, strong, bold. “A derfe dragon,” T. B. 166. “Dang him derffly don in a ded hate.” Ib. 1339.

Derfly, quickly, A. 1641; B. 110.

Derk, dark, A. 1020; C. 263; night, B. 1755. A.S. deorc.

Derne, adj. secret, hidden, A. 588, 1611; adv. secretly, B. 697. See T. B. 1962. A.S. dearn, dark, secret, hidden.

Derrest, dearest, B. 115, 1306.

Derþe = dearth, preciousness, value, worth, A. 99. See Dere.

Deruely = derfely, quickly, B. 632.

Derworth, precious, beautiful, A. 109. See Dere.

Des, Dese,

dais, seat of honour, A. 766; B. 115, 1394.

Desert, C. 84.

Desserte, desert, A. 595.

Deseuered, severed, C. 315.

Dessypele, disciple, A. 715.

Destyné, A. 758; C. 49.

Desyre, B. 545.

Determynable, A. 594.

Deuine, sb. divine, A. 1302; vb. B. 1561.

Deuinores, diviner, B. 1578.

Deuote, devout, A. 406.

140

Deuoutly, B. 814.

Deuoyde, do away with, destroy, A. 15; B. 908.

Deuyce, Deuyse, Deuice,

devise, imagine, A. 1046, 1100; describe, A. 99, 984; order, B. 110, 238.

Deuyse, sb. device, A. 139.

Deuysement, description, A. 1019.

Devoydynge, putting away, sb. B. 544.

Dewoutly, devoutly, C. 333.

Dewoyde = devoyde, C. 284.

Dewyne = dwine, pine, A. 11.

Deystyné, destiny, B. 400.

Deȝter, Deȝteres, Deȝtters,

daughters, B. 270, 866, 899, 933, 939. See T. B. 1489.

Dialoke, discourse, B. 1157.

Dispayred, in despair, C. 169.

Display, B. 1107.

Displese, A. 1.

Dispit, spite, C. 50.

Dispoyled, stripped, C. 95.

Disserued, B. 613.

Disstrye, destroy, B. 907, 1160.

Disserne, discern, C. 513.

Dissert, desert, C. 12.

Distres, B. 880, 1160.

Diuinité, B. 1609.

Ditteȝ, stops up, closes, B. 588. N.Prov.E. ditt, to stop up. A.S. dyttan.

Diȝe, die, C. 488.

Diȝte, order, arrange, B. 1266. A.S. dihtan, to set in order, dispose, arrange, direct, etc.

Do, doe, “daunce as any do,” A. 345.

Dobler, dish, B. 1146. O.Fr. doublier.

140b

Doc, duke, A. 211.

Doel, Dol,

sorrow, A. 326, 339, 642; B. 852.

Dole, part, A. 136.

Dom, Dome,

doom, judgment, purpose, A. 157, 580, 667; A. 597; command, A. 632; doom, B. 203.

Dongoun, dungeon, B. 1224.

Dool, part, B. 216.

Dool (dole), sorrow. See Doel.

Doole, gift, B. 699.

Dor, door, B. 320.

Dotage, folly, B. 1425.

Dote, act foolishly, A. 286, 1500; C. 125; be astonished, frightened, B. 852. Sc. doit. Icel. dotta, to slumber. Du. doten, dutten, delirare, desipere. (Kilian.) “Maddyn, or dotyn, desipio.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Doted, foolish, wicked, C. 196. N.Prov.E. doited, stupid.

Dotel, a fool, B. 1517.

Doun, down, A. 230.

Doun, down, hill, A. 121.

Doungoun, dungeon, A. 1187.

Doured, grieved, mourned, C. 372. Sc. dour.

Dousour, sweetness, A. 429.

Doute, doubt, A. 928.

Douth, Douþe,

brave, noble, A. 839, B. 270, 597, A.S. duguth, the nobility, senate, etc. Dugeth, good, virtuous. Dugan, to profit, avail, be good, etc.

Doune, Dovene,

a female dove, B. 469, 481. Cf. O.E. wulvene, a female wolf, and E. vixen, a female fox.

Dowe, avail, profit, B. 374; C. 141 50. See T. B. 5001. See Douth.

Dowelle, dwell, A. 376, 1770; B. 69.

Downe, dove, B. 485.

Downeȝ, downs, hills, A. 73, 85.

Dowyne, dwine, pine, A. 326.

Dowrie, B. 185.

Doȝter, daughter, B. 814.

Doȝty, doughty, valiant, B. 1182, 1791. See Douthe.

Doȝtyest, bravest, B. 1306.

Draȝ, draw, A. 699.

Draȝt = draught, character, B. 1557.

Drede, doubt, A. 1047.

Drepe, to kill, slay, A. 246; destroy, B. 599, 1306.

A.S. drepan. O.N. drepa.

Dresse, order, direct, prepare, A. 495, 860; B. 92; pret. dressed, drest.

Dreue, drive, A. 323.

Dreued, drove, went, A. 980.

Dreȝe = dreghe, suffer, endure, B. 1224. Sc. dree. A.S. dreógan, to bear, suffer, endure. Cf. “dyntes full dregh.” T. B. 935.

Dreȝly, sorrowfully, B. 476. See T. B. 2379.

Drof, drove, A. 30, 1153.

Drouy, turbid, B. 1016. A.S. dréfe, muddy, foul; dréfan, to trouble, make turbid. O.E. drove, to trouble. Goth. drobjan, to trouble. Du. droeven. “Drovy 141b turbidus, turbulentus.” (Cath. Ang.)

“He (the fool-large) is like to an hors that seketh rather to drynke drovy watir and trouble, than for to drinke water of the welle that is cleer.” (The Persones Tale: Remedium contra avariciam.)

Drowned, was drowned, B. 372.

Droȝ, drew, A. 1116; A. 71; pl. droȝen, B. 1394.

Droȝthe = drouthe, drought. A.S. druguth. Du. drooghte. Sc. drouth, from A.S. dryg. Du. droogh, dry.

Druye, dry, A. 412; dry land, B. 472.

Drwry, dreary (?), A. 323.

Drwry = drury, love, B. 699, 1065. O.Fr. druerie, drurie.

Dryȝ, Dryȝe,

dry, B. 385.

Dryȝ, Dryȝe,

heavy, sorrowful, A. 823; B. 342.

Dryȝe, suffer, B. 372, 400, 1032. See Dreȝe.

Dryȝly, Dryȝlych,

strongly, rapidly, A. 125; wrathfully, angrily, A. 74, 344; B. 235.

Dryȝtyn, Lord, A. 349; B. 1065. A.S. drihten.

Dubbed, Dubbet,

decked, A. 73, 97, 202; adorned, B. 115. See T. B. 1683.

Dubbement, adornment, A. 121.

Dublere, a dish, B. 1279. See Dobler.

Due, A. 894; C. 49.

Duk, duke, A. 38, 1182; leader, B. 1771.

142

Dumpe, be dashed, fall, C. 362.

Dungen, 3d pers. pl. pret. of ding, to beat, B. 1266. Sw. dänga.

Dunne, dun, A. 30. See T. B. 925.

Dunt, blow. See Dynt.

Durande, lasting, during, A. 336.

Dure, last, A. 1021; B. 488.

Dusched, struck, B. 1538. Sc. dusche, to smite; dusch, a blow.

Dan. daske, to slap. Icel. dust a blow.

Dutande, shutting, closing (from dutte, to shut), B. 320. See Ditteȝ.

Dutte, fasten, close, B. 1182. Prov.E. dyt, stop up. O.N. ditta.

Dych, ditch, A. 607; B. 1792.

Dyd, caused, A. 306.

Dylle = dull, slow, sluggish, foolish, A. 680. N.Prov.E. dull, hard of hearing. O.N. dilla, lallare.

Dym, black, B. 1016.

Dymly, secretly, C. 375.

Dymme, dark, B. 472.

Dyn, noise, B. 862.

Dyngne, worthy, C. 119.

Dyngneté, dignity, B. 1801.

142b

Dynt, blow, C. 125.

Dyscreuen, describe, A. 68.

Dyscouere, reveal, make known, B. 683.

Dysheriete, disinherit, B. 185.

Dysplese, to be displeased, A. 422; to displease, A. 455; B. 1136.

Dyspyt, spite, B. 821.

Dyssente, descend, A. 627.

Dysstrye, destroy, B. 520.

Dystresse, distress, A. 280, 337.

Dystryed, destroyed, A. 124.

Dyt, doeth, A. 681.

Dyȝe, die, A. 306.

Dyȝt, decked, A. 202, 987; ordered, prepared, A. 243, 632; ordained, A. 49; placed, seated, C. 920; B. 1794.

Dyȝtteȝ, causest, C. 488.

E

Efte, again, A. 328; afterwards, A. 332; B. 562.

Egge = edge, hill, B. 451.

Egge, edge (of a knife), A. 1104; of a hill, B. 383. A.S. ecge. O.N. egg, edge. Du. egghe, an angle, corner, angle. Ger. ecke, a corner.

Eggyng, instigation, B. 241. Prov.E. “egg on.” O.N. egg, an edge; eggia, to sharpen, and hence instigate.

Elde, age, A. 657; B. 125. A.S. eld, yld, age.

Elleȝ, else, otherwise, A. 32; 724; so that, B. 466.

Emerad, Emerade,

emerald, A. 118, 1005.

Emperise, empress, A. 441.

Empire, Empyre,

A. 454; B. 540, 1332.

143

Enaumayld, Enaumaylde,

enamelled, B. 1411, 1457.

Enbaned, supported (?), B. 1459. Sir F. Madden renders it ornamented.

Enclose, B. 334.

Enclynande, inclining, bowing, A. 236.

Enclyned, prone, B. 518.

Enclyin, Enclyne,

incline, A. 630, 1206.

Encres, increase, A. 959.

Encroche, approach, A. 1117; receive, C. 18.

Ende, die, A. 402; on ende, to death, B. 426. Cf. ender-day, and ending day = the day of one’s death.

Endeleȝ, endless, A. 738.

Endente, A. 639, 1012.

Endentur, crevices, holes, B. 313. O.Fr. endenter, to notch, jag.

Endorde, adored, A. 368.

Endure, Endeure,

A. 476, 1082.

Endyte, indite, A. 1126.

Ene, once; at ene, at once, A. 291; at ene, at one, A. 953. A.S. æne, once.

Enfaminied, famished, B. 1194.

Enforsed, forced, B. 938.

Engendered, begat, B. 272.

Enherite, inherit, B. 240.

Enle = enely (? onlepi), alone, singly, A. 849.

Enleuenþe, eleventh, A. 1014.

Enmie, Enmye,

enemy, B. 1204.

Enourled, encircled, surrounded, B. 18. Fr. ourler, to hem. Orle 143b in Heraldry = border. Ital. Orlo = hem, edge. Spanish and Portug. Orla = selvedge, border.

Enprece, Enpresse,

press, C. 43, 528.

Enpresse, impress, A. 1097.

Enpoysened, poisoned, B. 242.

Enprysonment, imprisonment, B. 46.

Enquylen, obtain, C. 39. See Aquyle. 

Ensens, incense, A. 1122.

Entent, intent, A. 1191.

Entre, enter, A. 38, 1067.

Entré, entrance, B. 1779.

Entyse, to provoke, B. 1137, 1808.

Enurned, adorned, decked, A. 1027.

Er, ere, before, A. 324, 328; B. 648.

Erber, Erbere,

arbour, A. 9, 38, 1171.

Erbes, herbs, B. 1684.

Erde, land, abode, A. 248; B. 596, 601, 1006. A.S. eard, native soil, country, region; eardian, to dwell, inhabit.

Erigant, arrogance, B. 148.

Erly, early, A. 392.

Ernde, errand, message, C. 52. See Arende.

Erne, eagle, B. 1698. A.S. earn, eagle.

Ernestly, quickly, rapidly, B. 277, 1240. A.S. eornostlíce.

Errour, A. 422.

144

Erytage, heritage, A. 443.

Eþe, easy, A. 1202; B. 608. A.S. eáth.

Euen (wyth), vb. to be equal to, A. 1073.

Euen-songe, vespers, A. 529.

Euentyde, A. 582; B. 479.

Euer-ferne, ever-fern, C. 438. A.S. eforfearn, polypodium vulgare. See Gloss. to Saxon Leechdoms, ii. 381.

Ewere, ewer, B. 1457.

Excuse, A. 281.

Expoun, Expoune, Expowne,

expound, A. 37; B. 1058, 1729.

Expounyng, sb. expounding, B. 1565.

Expresse, A. 910; B. 1158.

F

Fable, A. 592.

Face, B. 1539.

Fader, father, A. 872.

Falce, False,

B. 205, 474.

Falewed, became pale, faded, B. 1539. Ger. falb, pale, faded. A.S. fealo, pale, reddish or yellowish; fealwian, to grow yellow.

Fale, good, C. 92. A.S. fæl, clean, good, true.

Falleȝ, falls, happens, B. 494.

Falure, A. 1084.

Famacion, defamation, B. 188.

Famed, celebrated, B. 275.

Fande, found, A. 871.

Fanneȝ, fans, flaps, B. 457.

Fantumme, phantom, B. 1341.

Farande, pleasing, A. 865; handsome, A. 607; joyous, B. 1758. 144b N.Prov.E. farant, decent, pleasant, nice. Gael, farranta, stout, brave.

Farandely, pleasantly, C. 435. N.Prov.E. farantly.

Fare, vb. go, A. 129, 147; A. 100, 621, 929; fare, B. 466. A.S. faran. O.N. fara.

Fare, sb. voyage, course, C. 98. A.S. faru, fær.

Fare, conduct, A. 832; B. 861.

Faren, gone, passed, B. 403.

Fasor, form, A. 431. See T. B. 3956.

Fasoun, fashion, A. 983, 1101.

Fat, B. 627.

Fateȝ, fades, A. 1038.

Fathme, (a) embrace, A. 399; (b) grope, B. 273.

O.N. fadma. Dan. fadme. A.S. fæthmian, to embrace.

Fatte, vessel, B. 802. A.S. fæt.

Fatted, fattened, B. 56.

Faunt, child, maiden, A. 161.

Faure, four, B. 958.

Faurty, forty, B. 741, 743.

Faut, Faute,

fault, B. 177, 236, 571.

Fautleȝ, faultless, B. 794.

Fauty, faulty, sinful, B. 741.

145

Fauor, Fauour,

A. 428; “gret fauor,” A. 968.

Fawre, four, B. 938.

Fawte, fault, B. 1736.

Fax, Faxe,

hair, B. 790, 1689. A.S. feax.

Fay, in faye, in faith, indeed, A. 263; par ma fay, by my faith, A. 489.

Faylande, failing, lacking, B. 1535.

Fayle, be wanting, A. 737. Set (of the sun), B. 1758.

Fayly, fail, A. 34; B. 548.

Fayn, glad, A. 393; fayn of, A. 642; faynest, B. 1219.

Fayned, false, B. 188.

Fayth, “in fayth” indeed, A. 1732; gen. sing, B. 1735.

Faȝte, fought, A. 54.

Febele, Feble,

poor, bad, B. 47, 101, 145.

Fech, Feche,

fetch, A. 847, 1158; B. 621.

Fede, A. 29.

Fees, cities, B. 960. Fr. fief. Prov. Fr. feu, fieu. M.Lat. feudum. Eng. fee. The origin of this term is to be found in Goth. faihu, possessions. O.H.G. fihu, fehu, cattle. O.N. fe. A.S. feoh, cattle, money.

Fel, bitterly, B. 1040. A.S. fell, cruel, severe.

Felaȝschyp, fellowship, B. 271.

Felde, field, B. 1750.

Fele, (?) hide, B. 914.

Fele, many, A. 21, 927. A.S. féla.

Fele (feel), taste, B. 107.

Fele-kyn, many kinds of, B. 1483.

Felle, cruel, severe; felle chere, stern countenance, B. 139; 145b sharp, A. 367; A. 156, 1737; boisterous, rough, A. 421; bitter, B. 954.

Felly, fiercely, bitterly, B. 559, 571.

Felonye, crime, sin, A. 800; B. 205.

Feloun, sinner, criminal, B. 217.

Felt, hair, B. 1689. A.S. felt. Du. velt, felt, cloth. Cf. W. gwallt, Gael. falt, hair of the head.

Femmale, female, B. 696.

Fende, fiend, devil, B. 205, 1341.

Fende, fend, B. 1191. Fr. defendre.

Fenden, of fiends, B. 224.

Feng, took (pret. of fonge), B. 377.

Fenny, dirty, vile, B. 1113. Cf. S.Prov.E. venny, mouldy. A.S. fenn, mud, dirt. Goth. fani.

Fenyx, phenix, A. 430.

Fer, far, A. 334.

Ferd, Ferde, frightened, B. 897, 975.

Ferde, fear, A. 386; B. 215. A.S. forhtian, to fear; forht, fear.

Ferde, went, pret. of fare, B. 1106.

Fere, a companion; in fere, in company, together, A. 89, 884; B. 985, 1062. A.S. fera, gefera, a companion.

Fereȝ, carries, A. 98. A.S. férian.

Fereȝ, companions, A. 1150. See fere.

Ferke up, get up, A. 897; ferke over, go, walk over, B. 133.

In T. B. 185, it is used transitively. The verb to ferk seems to be related to the Eng. firk, a quick movement, jerk, etc. A.S. frician, to dance.

Ferly, adj. wondrous, A. 1084; adv. wonderfully, A. 269, 960; sb. wonder, astonishment, A. 1086; marvel, B. 1529. A.S. fær, færlice, sudden.

Ferlyly, exceedingly, B. 962.

Ferre, farther, comp. of fer, B. 97, 98.

Fers, fierce, B. 101.

Ferslych, fiercely, C. 337.

Feryed, ferried, A. 946. O.N. feria (from fara, to go), to transport; set over.

Fest, fast, C. 290.

Fest, Feste, feast, A. 283; B. 642, 1758. 

Festen, fasten, establish, A. 156, 327, 1255; B. 273.

Fester, B. 1040.

Festiual, festive, B. 136.

Fete, in fete, indeed, B. 1106. O.Fr. faict. Fr. fait, a deed, feat.

Feþer-beddes, C. 158.

Fetly = featly, aptly, fitly, B. 585. See fete.

Fette, fetch, B. 802.

Fettle, set in order, provide, make, 146b B. 343, 585; C. 38, 435. Prov.E. fettle, set in order, etc. O.Fris. fitia, to adorn. Goth. fetjan. Norse, fitla, to labour at a thing in order to get it right. Pl.D. fisseln, to bustle about.

Fettre, fetter, B. 1255.

Feture, feature, B. 794.

Fetys, Fetyse,

neat, well made, A. 174; dexterity, B. 1103. O.Fr. faictis. Lat. factitius, well made, neat, handsome.

Fetysely, handsomely, beautifully, B. 1462.

Feȝt, fight, B. 275, 1191. A.S. feoht. Ger. fecht, fight. See T. B. 1751.

Feȝtande, fighting, struggling, B. 404.

Filed, defiled. See Fyled.

Flake, flake; flake of soufre, B. 954. O.N. flak, plank, slice.

Flake = fleck, spot, blemish, A. 947. O.N. fleckr. Ger. fleck, spot, blot, stain.

Flakerande, flickering, fluttering, B. 1410. Ger. flackern, to flare, blaze, flutter.

Flambe, flame, A. 769.

Flaumbande, flaming, A. 90; shining, B. 1468.

Flaunke, spark, B. 954. Prov.E. flanker, a flying spark. Pl. D. flunkern, to flicker, sparkle. Ger. flunke, spark.

Flauore, flavour, A. 87.

Flawen, fled, C. 214.

Flay, terrify, A. 960, 1723; B. 215. See T. B. 4593. N.Prov.E. flay, flee.

147

Flayn, flayed, A. 809.

Flaȝt, plot of ground, a flat, A. 57.

Fleeȝ, fleece (of golde), B. 1476.

Flem, Fleme,

banish, A. 334; B. 31, 596. A.S. flyman.

Flem, stream, C. 309. Cf. Prov.E. flume, flem, fleme, a mill-stream. Norse, flom, flaum, flood, overflow of water; flauma, to overflow.

Fleschlych, Fleschly,

fleshly, carnal, A. 265; B. 1082.

Flet, pret. of flete, to flow, A. 1058.

Flete, Flet,

flow, A. 1025; to people, B. 685. See T. B. 278, 4715. A.S. fleotan. Sw. flyta, flow, float. O.N. fliota. Prov.E. fleet.

Flette, floated, pret. of flete, to float, B. 387.

Fleȝe, flew, A. 431.

Flod, Flode,

flood, A. 874, 1058; B. 369.

Flokke, flock, company, B. 386, 1767.

Flonc = flong = flung, A. 1165.

Flor, flower, A. 29, 962; pl. flores.

Flor, floor, B. 133.

Flosed, flossed, B. 1689. Cf. floss-silk. Ital. floscio flosso, drooping, flaccid.

Flot, grease, fat, B. 1011. A.S. flótan, to float; flót-smere, scum of a pot, floating fat. O.N. flót, the act of floating, the 147b grease swimming on the surface of broth. Prov.E. fleet.

Flot, Flote,

company, A. 786, 946; army, B. 1212. O.Fr. flote, a crowd.

Flot, Flote, Flotte,

flowed, floated, A. 46; A. 421, 432; B. 248.

Floty (? flotery), waving, A. 127.

Flour-de-lys, lily, A. 753.

Floury, flowery, A. 57.

Flowen, flew, fled, A. 89; B. 945.

Flowred, flowered, A. 270.

Floȝed, flowed, B. 397.

Flurted, flowered, figured, A. 208.

Flyt, force, literally chiding, B. 421. O.S. flit, contention.

Flyte, to quarrel, strive, A. 353. Prov.E. flite, scold. A.S. flitan. 

Flytande, chiding, B. 950.

Flyȝe, flay (?), A. 813.

Flyȝt, flight, B. 377.

Fo, enemy, B. 1219.

Fode, person, people, B. 466; fode, a child (King Horn, 1384); fodder, producer, mother (King Alys. 645); A.S. fedan, afedan, to bring forth, give birth to, rear. O.N.fæda. Dan. föde.

Fogge, dry grass, B. 1683. W. fwg.

Fol, full, B. 1754.

Fol, fool, B. 750, 996.

Fol, foolish, C. 283.

Folde, folded, A. 434.

Folde, earth, A. 334; B. 403, 950.

Folde, to beat, buffet, A. 813.

Fole, fowl, B. 1410.

Fole, fool, B. 202.

Fole, foal, B. 1255.

Foler, B. 1410.

148

Foles, acts foolishly, B. 1422.

Folewande, Folwande,

following, A. 1040, B. 429, 1212.

Folk, Folke,

people, B. 100, 542, 960.

Folken, of people, B. 271.

Folmarde. Properly the beech-martin, but commonly applied to the pole-cat. O.Fr. foine, faine (Lat. fagina), beechmast.

Folyly, foolishly, B. 696. See T. B. 575.

Folȝe, follow, A. 127; B. 6, 677, 918, 1752. A.S. folgian.

Folȝed, baptized, A. 654. A.S. fullian, fulwian, to baptize.

Foman, enemy, B. 1175.

Fon, ceased, pret., of fyne, A. 1030; B. 369. The northern form is fan.

Fonde, to found, establish, A. 939; B. 173.

Fonde, to go, proceed, A. 150.

Fonde, try, B. 1103. A.S. fandian.

Fonden, found, B. 356.

Fonge, take, receive, A. 439, 479; A. 540; fongeȝ to the flyȝt, takes to flight, B. 457. A.S. fon. Ger. fangen, take, seize. Goth. fahan.

Font, B. 164.

Fonte = fond, examined, A. 170, 327.

Fooschyp, Foschip,

enmity, B. 918, 919.

For, from, A. 740; because, B. 323.

Forbede, forbid, A. 379; B. 1147.

148b

Forbi, beyond, C. 483.

Forboden, forbidden, B. 826, 998.

Forbrent, burnt, A. 1139.

For-clemmed, starved, C. 395. Prov.E. clem, to starve, pinch with hunger. Du. klemmen, to pinch, compress.

For-didden, did away with, A. 124.

For-dolked, severely wounded, A. 11. A.S. dolc, dolh, dolg, a wound; dilgian, to destroy.

Forering, A. 3. See Note.

Forfare, destroy; also to perish, A. 1168; C. 483; forferde, (pret.), B. 571, 1051.

Forfete, A. 619, 639; B. 743.

Forfyne, lastly.

Forgart, Forgarte,

= for-did, lost, pret. of for-gar, ruin, destroy, lose, A. 321; B. 240. See Gar.

Forged, made, B. 343.

Forhede, forehead, A. 871.

Foriusted, overthrown, defeated, B. 1216. Fr. jouster, to tilt.

Forlete, lost, A. 327.

For long, very long, A. 586.

Forlonge, furlong, A. 1030.

Forloteȝ = forleteȝ, forsake, B. 101.

Forloyne, forsake, depart, go astray, err, A. 368; B. 282, 750, 1155, 1165. Fr. loin, far.

For-madde, very mad (foolish), C. 509.

149

Formast, first, foremost, B. 494.

Forme, first, C. 38.

Forme-fader, Forme-foster,

first-father, progenitor, A. 639; B. 257.

Fornes, furnace, B. 1011.

For-payned, severely troubled, A. 246.

Forray, forage, B. 1200. Fr. fourrager, to fodder, forrage, prey. O.Fr. fourrer. Mid. Lat. foderare, forrare, from A.S. foder. Ger. futter, food, victuals.

Forselet, a fortified place, B. 1200. “Forcelet, stronge place (forslet, H. P.) Fortalicium.” (Prompt. Parv.) O.Fr. forcier. It. forciere. Mid. Lat. forsarius, a strong box, safe, coffer.

Forser = forcer, forcet, A. 263. See preceding word.

Forsette, compass, B. 78.

Forsothe, forsooth, indeed, C. 212.

Forst, frost, B. 524. A.S. forst.

Forþe, way, passage, A. 150. See T. B. 4094, 4166. Welsh, ffordd, a way.

Forth-lep, forth-leapt, C. 154.

Forþoȝt, repented, B. 557.

Forþrast, for-thrust, B. 249.

Forþy, therefore, wherefore, A. 234; B. 545, 1020.

Forþynke, repent, B. 285.

Fortune, A. 306.

Forwarde = forward, covenant, 149b promise, B. 327, 1742. A.S. fore-weard. “Forwarde, or cuuinawnt, convencio, pactum.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Forwroȝt, over-worked, weary, C. 163.

Forȝes, furrows, B. 1547. A.S. furh. Ger. furche, a furrow.

Forȝete, forgat, B. 203.

Fote, foot, A. 970.

Foted, footed, B. 538.

Founce, bottom, A. 113. See Founs.

Foundande, going, C. 126.

Founde, to go, B. 903.

Foundemente, foundation, A. 993.

Founden, found, B. 547.

Foundered, destroyed, perished, B. 1014.

Founs, Founce,

bottom, B. 1026.

Fourferde, perished, pret. of forfare, B. 560.

Fowle, foully, B. 1790.

150

Fowled, became defiled, foul. B. 269.

Fowre, four, A. 886.

Foysoun, abundant, A. 1058. Fr. foison. O.Fr. fuson, from Lat. fusio, pouring out.

Fraunchyse, liberality, A. 609; B. 750.

Fray, terrify, B. 1553. See Afray.

Frayneȝ, demands, asks, desires, A. 129. A.S. fregnan, to ask. Goth. fraihnan.

Frayste (a), sought, A. 169; (b) literally, to try, prove, B. 1736. O.N. fresta.

Frek,
Freke,

man, B. 6, 79, 540. This word is used by Skelton. A.S. freca, a daring warrior, from frec, freca, bold, daring, eager. The adjective freke (frek, frike), was not unknown to O.E. writers of the 14th century.

Freles, blameless, A. 431. O.N. fryja, to blame. Frie, to blame, occurs in the romance of Havelok the Dane, 1998.

150b

Freloker, more freely, B. 1106.

Frely, lordly, A. 162; beautiful, A. 173; freely, B. 20.

Frelych, lordly, A. 162; bountiful, B. 214.

French, an error for frech (fresh) or frelich, A. 1086.

Frete, gnaw, eat, devour, B. 1040. A.S. fretan.

Freten, devoured, B. 404.

Frette, furnish, A. 339; ornament, B. 1476. A.S. frætu, ornament; frætewian, frætwian, trim, deck, adorn.

Fro, from, A. 427; A. 396. This is another form of the Northumbrian fra. O.N. frá; “to ne fro,” B. 347.

Frok, Frokke,

dress, garment, frock, B. 136, 1742.

Froþande, frothing, frothy, filthy, B. 1721.

Frunt, kicked, C. 187. See T. B. 5968.

Frym, beautiful, fresh, vigorous, A. 1079. Prov.E. frim; frum, tender, fresh. A.S. freme, advantageous, good. Drayton uses the phrase “frim pastures,” i.e. luxuriant pastures.

Fryst, delay, put off, B. 743. A.S. fyrstan, to give respite; fyrst, a space of time, interval. Icel. frest, delay; “to frist, to trust for a time” (Ray); to delay (Jam.).

Fryt, Fryte,

fruit, A. 29; B. 1044.

Fryth, wood, A. 89; B. 534, 1680. Gael, frith, a heath, deer park, forest.

151

Ful, foul, B. 231.

Fulfille, accomplish, B. 264, 1732.

Fulȝed, baptized, B. 164. See Folȝed.

Fundament, foundation, A. 1010.

Funde, found, B. 1735.

Fust, fist, B. 1535.

Fyf, five, A. 849.

Fygure, A. 170, 747.

Fykel, treacherous, deceitful, C. 283.

Fyldor, gold thread, A. 106. Fr. fil d’or.

Fyled, defiled, dirty, B. 136.

Fyled, formed, B. 1460.

Fylsened, strengthened, aided, supported, B. 1167, 1644. A.S. fylst, help, assistance; fylstan, to help, aid.

Fylter, huddle together, A. 224; join, A. 696; meet together in battle, B. 1191; become ragged, entangled. Prov.E. felter, entangle, clot. Fairfax uses the phrase “feltred locks.” Cf. the phrase a “filtered fole,” a shaggy foal. Baker says that the term felt is applied to a matted growth of grass.

Fylyoles (= fyells, phiolls), round towers, B. 1462. Cf. Fala, a tour of tre. Med. Gram.

Fyne, vb. end, die, A. 328; cease, A. 353; A. 450; delay, B. 929.

Fyne, sb. cessation, A. 635.

Fynne, fin, B. 531.

Fyole, B. 1476.

Fyrmament, B. 221.

151b

Fyrre, adv. farther, comp. of fer, A. 103, 127; A. 766; C. 116; adj. distant, B. 148. A.S. fyrre.

Fyrte, fearful, trembling, A. 54. A.S. fyrhto; fyrhtu, fear, fright, trembling; forht, fearful, timid.

Fyþel, fiddle, B. 1082.

Fyþere, feather, B. 530, 1026.

G

Galle, gall, stain, filth, A. 1060; B. 1022. Cf. to gall, fret. Fr. galler. W. gwall. O.N. galli, fault, imperfection. Dan. gal, wrong, ill.

Gain, against, A. 138.

Gardyn, A. 260.

Gare, cause, make, drive, A. 331; B. 690. N.Prov.E. gar. O.N. göra, gera.

Garlande, A. 1186.

Garnyst, garnished, ornamented, B. 1277.

Gart, forced, made, A. 1151. See gare; garten, 3d pers. pl. A. 86.

Gate, way, A. 395, 526; B. 676, 931. See T. B. 6292. O.N. gata.

Gaule, Gawle,

A. 463; C. 285. See galle.

Gay, Gaye,

A. 260; B. 830, 1315.

Gayn, vb. avail, A. 343; C. 164; prevail, B. 1608. Sc. gane; gain, to be fit or suitable.

Gayn, Gayne,

useful, available, good, B. 259, 749.

Gaynly, Gaynlych,

gainly, gracious, A. 728; B. 83. Cf. ungainly = awkward. O.N. gegn, 152 convenient, suitable; gegna, to meet.

Gaȝafylace, royal treasury, B. 1283.

Geder, gather, C. 105.

Gef, gave, A. 174.

Gele, spy, see, A. 931.

Gemme, A. 253.

Gendered, engendered, B. 300.

Gendreȝ, genders, kinds, B. 434.

Generacyoun, A. 827.

Gent, Gente,

gentle, noble, gracious, A. 118, 253, 265; B. 1495.

Gentryse, nobleness, B. 1159, 1216.

Gentyl, noble, A. 278; gentyleste, A. 1015; B. 1180.

Gentylmen, B. 864.

Gere, gear, A. 16; B. 148.

Gere, clothing, attire, B. 1811.

Gered, covered, clothed, ornamented, B. 1344, 1568. O.N. gerfi. A.S. gearwa, habiliments. O.H.G. garawi, ornament, dress. A.S. gearwan; gearwian, make ready, prepare, supply.

Gesse, tell, A. 499. Norse, gissa.

Geste, tale, saying, A. 277.

Geste, Gest,

guest, B. 98, 640.

Gettes, devices, B. 1354. O.N. geta, to conceive. A.S. “and-gitan,” get, know, understand.

Geuen, given, A. 1190.

Gilde, gilt, B. 1344.

Giles, gills, C. 269.

Gilofre, gilly flower, A. 43. Fr. giroflée. Lat. caryophyllus, a clove.

Glace = glance, A. 171. Fr. glacer, 152b glacier, slide, slip. Cf. O.E. glace, to polish, glance as an arrow turned aside.

Glade, vb. to gladden, A. 861.

Glam, word, message, A. 499; A. 63; talk, speech, C. 830; noise, B. 849. Obsolete Swedish, glamm, talk, chatter; glamma, to talk, chatter. Gael. glam, outcry. O.N. glam, clash; glamra, to rattle. Sc. glamer, noise, clatter.

Glas, Glasse,

A. 990, 1025.

Glauere, to deceive, A. 688. Cf. N.Prov.E. glaver, glaiver, to talk foolishly; glauver, flattery. W. glafr. Irish glafaire, a babbler.

See extract under word glam.

Glaymande, slimy, C. 269. Cf. “gleyme or rewme, reuma;” “gleymyn or yngleymyn, visco, invisco.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Glayre, glare, amber, A. 1026. A.S. glære, amber. O.N. gler. Dan. glar, glass.

Glayue, a sword, A. 654. Fr. glaive. Lat. gladius.

Gle, joy, glee, A. 95, 1123.

Glede, kite, B. 1696. A.S. glída.

153

Glem, Gleme,

gleam, light, A. 79; brightness, A. 218; day-glem, daylight, A. 1094; heven-glem, heaven light, B. 946.

Glemande, gleaming, shining, A. 70, 990.

Glene, glean, gather, A. 955.

Glent, Glente,

shone, A. 70, 114, 1026; B. 218. Sc. glent, glint, to gleam. Dan. glindse, to glisten; glindre, to glitter.

Glent, Glente,

slipped, fell, A. 671. Sc. glint, glent, not only signifies to gleam, shine, but also to glide, slide. W. ysglentio, to slide.

Glenteȝ, sb. looks, A. 1144.

Glet, Glette,

dirt, mud, slime, and hence filth, sin, A. 1060; A. 306, 573; B. 269. Pl. D. glett, slippery. Sc. glít, pus. O.N. glæta, wet.

Glewed, called, prayed, C. 164. Fr. glay, cry.

Glodeȝ, glades, A. 79.

Gloped, was terrified, frightened, amazed, B. 849. O.N. glapa, stare, gaze, gape. O.Fris. glupa, to look, peep. Dan. glippe, to wink. N.Prov.E. glop, gloppen, to be amazed, to frighten.

Glopnedly, fearfully, B. 896.

Glory, A. 934; B. 1522.

Gloryous, Glorious, Gloryus,

A. 799, 915.

Glotoun, a wicked wretch, a loose fellow, a ribald, B. 1505.

Gloumb, look, observe, C. 94. Chaucer uses glombe in the sense of looking gloomy, sullen, frowning. It seems to be connected with O.N. glampa, to glitter, shine. Cf. O.E. glent, to shine, and glent, to look. So also stare signifies not only to look steadfastly at, but to shine, glitter.

Glowed, shone, A. 114. O.N. gloá, to glow, burn, shine.

Glwande, glowing, shining, bright, C. 94.

Glydande, going, walking, B. 296.

Glyde, to go, walk, slip along, B. 325, 677, 1590. Pl. D. gliden, glien, slip, glide.

Glyfte, became frightened, B. 849. Originally to stare, look astonished.

Gliffe, in O.E. signifies also to 154 look, shine, glow. Sc. glevin, to glow; gliff, a glimpse; gliffin, to wink. Dan. glippe, to wink.

Glymme, brightness, A. 1088. O.Sw. glimma, to shine.

Glysnande, shining, glistening. A. 1018. A.S. glisnian. O.N. glyssa, to sparkle, glitter.

Glyȝt, shone, A. 114; looked, C. 453. Du. glicken, to shine. Icel. glugga, to peep. A-glyȝte, slipped from, in line 245, is evidently another form of glyȝt. Cf. N.Prov.E. glea, aglea, crooked, aside; gledge, to look asquint. Sc. gley, gly, to squint, all of which originally signified simply to look, shine. See T. B. 3943.

Gnede, niggardly, beggarly, B. 146. The MS. reads nede, but gnede is the correct form. Dan. gnide, to rub. A.S. gnidan. Cf. O.E. nithing, a miser. A.S. gnethen, moderate, sparing.

Goande, going, B. 931.

Goblote, goblet, B. 1277.

God, Gode,

good, wealth. See Goud.

Godhede, godhead, A. 413.

154b

Godlych, good, B. 753.

Golf, deep, abyss, A. 608.

Gome, man, A. 231; B. 1315.

Gorde = girde, rush, go headlong, B. 911, 957. See T. B. 169.

Gore, filth, B. 306. A.S. gor, wet, filth, mud. N. gor.

Gorste, gorse, B. 99, 534. W. gores, gorest, waste, open.

Gost, Goste,

spirit, A. 86; B. 325, 1598.

Gostly, spiritual, ghostly, A. 790.

Gote, stream, A. 934; A. 413; C. 310; pl. goteȝ, B. 608. Prov.E. gote, goit, gowt, ditch, sluice, mill-stream. Du. gote, kennel, conduit. A.S. geotan, to pour.

Goud, Goude, God,

adj. good, A. 33, 568; sb. wealth, riches, A. 731, 734; B. 1326.

Goun, Goune,

gown, dress, B. 145, 1568.

Governor, A. 1645; B. 199.

Gowdeȝ, goods, C. 286.

Grace, A. 436.

Gracios, Gracious,

A. 95, 260, 934; C. 26.

Gracyously, B. 488.

Grame, wrath, vengeance, C. 53. A.S. grama. Ger. gram, anger, displeasure.

Graunt, sb. leave, permission, A. 317; vb. grant, A. 765; B. 240.

Grauayl, gravel, pebbles, A. 81.

Grauen, graven, B. 1324.

Grauen, buried, B. 1332.

155

Grayneȝ, grains, A. 31.

Grayþed, prepared, A. 343, placed, A. 1485; availed, B. 53. See T. B. 229. O.N. greitha, to make ready. N.Prov.E. graid.

Grayþely, quickly, readily, A. 341; truly, A. 499; B. 240. N.Prov.E. gradely. See T. B. 54.

Cf. Graiþe = ready.

Gre, will, desire, C. 348; hence bongre, malgre, etc. O.Fr. gret. Fr. gré, will, pleasure. Lat. gratus, pleasing.

Grece, step, B. 1590.

Gredirne, gridiron, B. 1277.

Greffe, grief, A. 86.

Greme, adj. displeasing, A. 42; wrath, C. 16, 947; vb. to make angry, displease, B. 138, 1347. A.S. gremian, to displease.

Greme, spot, blemish, A. 465. Norse grima, a spot.

Gresse, grass, A. 10, 245; B. 1028.

Grete, the whole, A. 637, ? altogether A. 851; a grete, in the gross—a head, A. 560.

Grete, weep, A. 331. A.S. grætan, Prov.E. greet.

Gretyng, sb. weeping, B. 159.

Greue, grieve, A. 471; B. 138, 302, 306.

Greue, grove, A. 321; B. 99.

Greuing, sb. sorrowing, grief, B. 159.

Gromylyoun, the herb gromwell, grey millet, (Lithospermum officinale), A. 43. “Gromaly 155b herbe. Milium solis.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Grone, groan, B. 1077.

Gropande, searching, trying, B. 591. A.S. grápian, to touch, feel, seize, grope. O.N. greipa.

Gropyng, sb. handling, B. 1102.

Grounde, ground, sharpened, A. 654.

Groundeleȝ, bottomless, C. 310.

Grouelyng, on the face, A. 1120. O.N. grufa; grufa nidr, to stoop down. Liggia á grufu, to lie face downwards, to lie groveling.

Gruche, begrudge, B. 1347.

Gruȝt, pret. of gruche, B. 810.

Grychchyng, sb. murmuring, repining, C. 53.

Grym, black, A. 1070.

Grymly, sharply, A. 654; roughly, B. 1534.

Grymme, horrible, A. 1553; sharp, B. 1696. A.S. grim; grimm, fury, rage; sharp, bitter; “a grym toole,” T. B. 938.

Grynde, A. 81.

Gryndel, angry, C. 524. Norse grina, wry the mouth; grinall, sour looking. Du. grinnen, grinden, to grin, snarl.

Grysly, horrible, B. 1534. A.S. grislíc, horrible; a-grísan, to dread, fear greatly.

Gryspyng, sb. gnashing of the teeth. A.S. grist-bítung.

Gryste, dirt (?), A. 465.

Guere, gear, B. 1505.

Guferes, evidently an error for guteres, C. 310. See T. B. 3072. See extract under word gote.

156

Gult, Gulte,

guilt, A. 942; B. 690.

Gulty, guilty, C. 210, 285.

Gut, C. 280.

Gyde-ropes, C. 105.

Gye, govern, B. 1598. Fr. guider; guier, direct, guide.

Gyle, guile, A. 671, 688; C. 285.

Gylt, guilt, B. 731.

Gylteȝ, A. 655.

Gyltleȝ, guiltless, A. 668.

Gyltyf, guilty, A. 669.

Gyn, machine; applied to the ark, A. 491; to a boat, B. 146.

Gyng, company, A. 455. A.S. genge. See T. B. 1225.

Gyngure, ginger, A. 43.

Gyse, guise, A. 1099.

Gyternere, A. 91. Fr. guiterre; guiterne, a gittern. (Cot.) Lat. cithara, a harp.

H

Habbe, have, A. 75; habes, habbes, has, B. 555, 995.

Hach, Hachche,

hatch (of a ship), A. 409; B. 179.

Hafyng. See Hauyng.

Hagherlych, fitly, B. 18. See Haȝerly.

Haldande, holding, C. 251.

Halde, hold, A. 454, 490; B. 652.

Halden, held, A. 1191; B. 42.

Hale, flow, A. 125. The original meaning is to drag along. Ger. holen. O.N. hala. Fr. haler. Cf. T. B. 1782.

Hale, toss, A. 1520; B. 219.

156b

Half, side, quarter, B. 950. O.N. halfa.

Halke, recess, B. 104, 321. A.S. hylca, hooks, turnings. “Halke or hyrne. Angulus, latibulum.” (Prompt. Parv.) See Canterbury Tales, 11433.

Halse, salute, wish one health, B. 1621. O.N. heilsa. Sw. halsa, to salute. O.N. heilsa, health. See T. B. 367.

Halt, lame, B. 102. O.N. halltr, lame; haltra, halta, to limp.

Halue, behalf, B. 896.

Halue, side, border, B. 1039.

Halyday, holy day, A. 134; B. 9.

Halȝed, hallowed, sanctified, B. 506, 1163.

Hampre, to pack up for removal, B. 1284.

Han (3d pers. pl. pres.), have, A. 776.

Hande-helme, B. 419.

Hapeneȝ, is blessed, B. 27.

Happe, joy, A. 16, 1195; happeȝ, blessings, A. 24; B. 11. O.N. happ.

Happe, cover, A. 626; B. 450. Prov.E. hap, to cover; happing, covering.

“Happyn or whappyn’ yn cloþys.” “Lappyn’, or whappyn’ yn cloþys (happyn to-gedyr, S.; wrap to-geder in clothes, P.) Involvo.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Happen, adj. happy, blessed, C. 13, 17, 19, 21.

157

Hard, coarse cloth made of tow, “hard hattes,” B. 1209. A.S. heordan, heordas, hards, refuse of tow.

Hardy, bold, B. 143.

Hardyly, boldly, A. 3.

Hare, B. 391.

Harlot, underling, A. 39; servant, profane jester, A. 860, 1584; harloteȝ, harlot’s, A. 34; harlots, B. 860. This term was not originally confined to females, nor even to persons of bad character. W. herlawd, herlod, a youth; herlodes, a damsel. Cf. “harlotte scurrus.” “Gerro a tryfelour or a harlott.” Med. MS. Cant. “An harlott, balator, rusticus, gerror, mima, joculator, nugatur, scurrulus, manducus. An harlottry, lecacitas, inurbanitas,” etc. To do harlottry, scurrari.” Cath. Ang. in Prompt. Parv.

Harlottrye, profane speaking, B. 579.

Harme, sb. wrong, sin, A. 17; pl. harmeȝ, harms, C. 388.

Harmleȝ, guiltless, A. 676, 725.

Harpe, A. 881.

Harpen (3d pers. pl. pres.), play on the harp, A. 881.

Harporeȝ, harpers, A. 881.

157b

Haspe, fasten, A. 419; clothe, cover, B. 381. O.N. hespa, a clasp, buckle. Cf. “haspyng in armys.” T. B. 367.

Haspede, hook, C. 189. Cf. Dan. haspe, windlass, reel; haspevinde capstan of a ship.

Hastif, Hastyf,

hasty, C. 520.

Hastyfly, Hastyly,

hastily, quickly, B. 200, 1150.

Hat, call, B. 448. A.S. hátan, to call.

Hatel,
Hattel,

anger, A. 200; fierce, A. 227; keen, sharp, B. 367, 481. S.Saxon, hatel, hetel, keen, sharp, bitter. A.S. hétel, fierce. O.Sax. hatol. A.S. atol, dire, cruel.

Hatere, clothing, garments, B. 33. A.S. hætern, hæter, clothing, apparel.

Haþel, man, literally noble, A. 676; B. 27, 409, 1597. A.S. æthele, noble; ætheling, a ruler, man.

Hatte, is called, A. 926; B. 35.

Haunte, practise, C. 15. Fr. hanter, frequent, haunt, literally, to follow a certain course.

Haueke, hawk, B. 537.

Hauen, haven, port, B. 420.

Hauyng, condition, behaviour, A. 450, 754.

Haylsed, saluted, A. 238; B. 612, 814. See Halse. See T. B. 1792.

Hayre, heir, B. 666.

Hayreȝ, shirts of horse-hair, hair-cloth, 158 sack-cloth, C. 373. A.S. héra.

Haȝerly, fitly, properly, B. 18. This word occurs in the Ormulum under haȝherrlike. O.N. hægr, dexter, facilis. Dan. haage, to please; haagelig, agreeable, acceptable.

Hede, notice, A. 1051.

Hef, heaved, raised, C. 219.

Heke = eke, also, A. 210.

Helde, bend to, come to, B. 1330. A.S. healdan; hyldan, incline, lean to. Dan. helde.

Helde, adv. willingly, A. 1193; in helde, in mind, in purpose, disposed, B. 1520.

Helded, approached, B. 39.

Heldeȝ, goes, walks, B. 678.

Hele, safety, A. 335; health, C. 1099; pleasure, B. 16. A.S. hél.

Helle-hole, B. 223.

Hellen, of hell, C. 306.

Helme, C. 149.

Hem, them, C. 180.

Hemme, border, A. 1001.

Hende, gracious, A. 612; C. 398; pleasant, B. 1083. Norse hendt, adapted; hendug. Dan. hændig, handy, dextrous. Cf. hendly, T. B. 1792.

Hendelayk, mildness, civility, B. 860. Hard-laike occurs in T. B. 2213.

Heng, Henge,

hang, B. 1584, 1734.

Hens, hence, C. 204.

158b

Hent, Hente,

take, seize, receive, A. 388, 669; B. 151, 376, 883, 1150. O.N. henda. A.S. hentan.

Hepe, heap, company. B. 1775.

Her, their, A. 888.

Here, heir, B. 52.

Here, hair, A. 210.

Here, company, B. 409, 902. T. B. 6253. A.S. here, an army, host, etc.

Hered, honoured, B. 1086. A.S. hérian, to praise, commend.

Herken, Herkne,

hearken, B. 193, 458.

Herneȝ, brains, A. 58. O.N. hjarni. Sw. hjerna.

Herneȝ = erneȝ, eagles, B. 537.

Hert, heart, B. 1723.

Hertte, hart, B. 391, 535.

Heruest, harvest, B. 523.

Hery, honour, praise, B. 1527. See hered.

Herytage, Heritage,

A. 417; B. 652.

Herȝe, harry, A. 1179, 1294; drag out, B. 178. Sc. herry; harry, rob, spoil, pillage. A.S. hergian, herian, to plunder, afflict, vex. Fr. harrier, provoke, molest. O.N. heria, to make an inroad on.

Hest, Heste,

command, A. 633; A. 94, 341; promise, B. 1636.

Hete, promise, vow, A. 402; A. 1346; B. 336. O.N. haeta, to threaten. T. B. 240.

Heter, rough, C. 373. See T. B. 159 5254. N.Prov. hetter, hitter, eager, earnest.

Heterly, quickly, greatly, fiercely, A. 402; A. 380, 1222; B. 381, 477. See T. B. 3499.

Heþe, heath, B. 535.

Heþen, hence, A. 231. O.N. hëthan. See T. B. 5115.

Heþyng, scorn, contempt, A. 579, 710; B. 2. O.N. háthung. See T. B. 1753, 1818.

Heue, heave, raise, A. 314, 473. O.N. hefia.

Heued, head, A. 459, 465.

Heuen, raise, exalt, A. 16; A. 24, 506; increase, “heuen þi hele.” B. 920. We also meet with the phrase to “heuen harm.”

Heuen-ryche, the kingdom of heaven, A. 719; C. 14.

Heuy, sorrowful, A. 1180; A. 2.

Heyred, harried, dragged, pulled, B. 1786. See Herȝe. “Harryn’ or drawyn’ trahicio, pertraho” (Prompt. Parv.)

Heyred = heryed, honoured, B. 1527. See Hered.

Heȝe, high, lofty, B. 1391, 1749.

Heȝe, hasten, B. 1584. See Hyȝe.

Heȝt, Heȝþe,

height, A. 1031; B. 317.

Hide, Hidde,

hid, hidden, B. 1600, 1628.

Hidor, fear, C. 367. O.Fr. hisdour; hidour, dread.

159b

Hiled, covered, B. 1397. A.S. hélan, hélian. Prov.E. hele, hill, hile, to cover. O.N. hylia, to hide.

Hitte, to make for, A. 289; come, C. 479; B. 380. O.N. hitta, to light on, find.

Hiȝe = high, loud, B. 1564.

Hiȝly, greatly, B. 920.

Ho, she, A. 232, 233; B. 659. A.S. heo. Prov.E. hoo.

Ho-besteȝ, she-heasts, B. 337.

Hod, hood, B. 34.

Hodleȝ, hoodless, B. 643.

Hofen, (p.p. of heve), exalted, raised, B. 1711.

Hokyllen, beat, B. 1267. Is this an error for hollkyen? See Holkke.

Hol, whole, B. 102, 594.

Hole-foted, B. 538.

Holde, dominion, B. 1597.

Holkke, thrust out, B. 1222. The original meaning seems to be “to make hollow, dig out, pierce.” A.S. holian, to hollow; hol, holh, a hole. Cf. O.Sc. and O.E. holket, hollow; holk, dig out. Prov.E. hulk, to take out entrails of rabbits and hares (Baker). Sw. holka, hulka, to hollow.

Holly, wholly, B. 104, 1140.

Holteȝ, woods, A. 921. A.S. holt, wood, grove; “holte woddes,” T. B. 1351.

160

Holȝe, hollow, B. 1695. A.S. holh.

Homly, familiar, domestic, A. 1211.

Hommes, hams, thighs, B. 1541. O.N. höm, the back of the thigh.

Honde, hand, A. 49, 706; B. 174.

Hondel, handle, B. 11.

Hondelyng, sb. handling, B. 1101.

Hondelynge, adv. with hands, A. 681.

Honde-werk, handwork, C. 496.

Honde-whyle, a moment, B. 1786. A.S. hand-hwíl; “in a hond-while,” T. B. 406.

Hone, to delay, abide, A. 921. See Met. Hom., p. 129.

Honest, B. 14, 18.

Honestly, B. 134, 705.

Honour, A. 852; B. 594.

Honyseȝ, destroys, ruins, B. 596. O.Fr. honeison, shame; honnir, to shame, blame, borrowed from Goth, haunjan. Ger. höhnen.

Hope, expect, think, suppose, A. 142; B. 663.

Hores, theirs, C. 14.

Hores (?), B. 1695.

Hortyng, sb. hurting, harm, B. 740.

Horwed, unclean, B. 335. A.S. horwa, hóru, dirt; hyrwian, to defile.

160b

Horyed, hurried, B. 883.

Hot, Hote,

angry, B. 200.

Hourlande, rolling, rushing, hurling, C. 271.

Hourle, wave, C. 319.

Household, B. 18.

Houe, abide, B. 927. W. hofian; hofio, to fluctuate, hover, suspend.

Houeȝ, hovers, B. 458, 485.

Houen, exalted, raised, B. 206, 413, 1451.

Hue, cry, voice, A. 873.

Hue, Huee,

hue, complexion, A. 842; B. 1483.

Huge, great, B. 4, 1659.

Hunger, vb. C. 19.

Hurkele, hang, B. 150; rest, 406. The original meaning is to nestle, crouch, squat. N.Prov.E. hurkle, to squat, crouch, nestle. Du. hurken, to squat. O.N. hruka.

Hurlande, hurling, rushing, B. 413, 1211.

Hurle, rush, B. 44, 223, 376, 874, 1204; “hurlet out of houses,” T. B. 1365.

Hurrok, oar, A. 419; B. 185. Prov.E. orruck. “Orruck-holes, oar-drawing holes, as distinct from thole-pins, which are less used in our boats: rykke, to draw (Dan.). Compare English rullocks.” Norfolk 161 Words: Miss A. Gurney in Transactions of Philological Society for 1855, p. 34.

Huyde, hide, B. 915.

Huyle, while, A. 41.

Hwe, hue, A. 896; hwes, B. 1119.

Hwed, coloured, B. 1045.

Hyde, skin, A. 1136.

Hyl-coppe, hill-top, A. 791. See Coppe.

Hynde = hende, courteous, A. 909; B. 1098.

Hyne, servants; hinds, A. 505, 632, 1211. A.S. hina, hine (for higna, higne), a domestic. O.N. hion, family.

Hyre, sb. hire, wages, A. 534, 539.

Hyre, vb. A. 507, 560.

Hyrne, corner, A. 1294; B. 178. A.S. hyrne. “Hyd hom in houles and hyrnys aboute,” T. B. 1362.

Hytteȝ, strives, seeks, A. 132.

Hyue, hive, B. 223.

Hyure, hire, C. 56.

Hyȝe, high grounds, heights, B. 391.

Hyȝe, Hyȝ,

high, A. 39, 395; A. 380; “on hyȝe,” A. 413; “hyȝe trot,” quick pace, B. 976.

Hyȝe, hie, hasten, A. 33, 392, 538; B. 217. A.S. higan, higian.

Hyȝe, labourer, servant, B. 67. A.S. higo, a servant. See Hine.

Hyȝly, greatly, B. 1527.

Hyȝt, named, called, promised, A. 305, 950; B. 24, 665, 1162.

161b

Hyȝt, height, A. 458; B. 398.

Hyȝtled, ornamented, decorated, B. 1290.

I

I-brad, extended, reached, B. 1693. See Brayde.

Ichose, chosen, A. 904.

Idolatrye, B. 1173.

Ilk, same, B. 1755.

Ille, bad, evil, B. 577.

Ilyche = alike, A. 228, 975; B. 161. A.S. gelíc.

Image, B. 983.

In-blande, together, B. 885. Dan. iblandt. See Bland.

Inflokke, flock in, B. 1767.

Inlyche, alike, A. 546, 603.

In-melle, among, A 1127. This word is usually written i-melle. Icel. á-milli.

In-monge, In-mongeȝ,

among, amidst, B. 278, 1485.

In-mydde, In-myddeȝ,

amidst, B. 125, 1677.

Innocens, innocence, A. 708.

Innoghe, Innoȝe,

enough, sufficiently, A. 612, 625, 637; abundant, C. 528.

In-nome, taken in, A. 703.

Innossent, Inoscente,

innocent, A. 666, 672, 684.

Inobedyent, disobedient, B. 237. Fr. inobedient.

In-seme, together, A. 838. A.S. gesome. O.E. ysome.

In-stoundes, at times, B. 1603.

Instrumente, B. 1081.

Insyȝt, opinion, B. 1659.

Ire, wrath, B. 572.

162

Iwysse, truly, indeed, B. 84. A.S. gewis.

In-wyth, within, A. 970.

J

Jacynth, A. 1014.

Janglande, muttering, C. 90. O.Fr. jangler, to chatter.

Jape, device, sin, A. 272, 864; B. 57. Fr. japper, to yelp, chatter. The original meaning of jape is in O.E. to deceive, to lie.

Jasper, A. 999.

Jauele, a wicked wretch, a base fellow, B. 1495. “Javel, Joppus, gerro.” (Prompt. Parv.)

“The Lieutenant of the Tower advising Sir Thomas Moor to put on worse cloaths at his execution, gives this reason, because he that is to have them is but a javel; to which Sir Thomas replied, shall I count him a javel who is to doe me so great a benefit.” —MS. Lansd. 1033, in Hall.)

Jeaunte, giant, B. 272.

Jolef, Jolyf, Joly,

handsome, happy, true, A. 842, 929; A. 300, 864; B. 241.

Joparde, jeopardy, A. 602.

Jostyse, justice, judge, B. 877.

Journay, C. 355.

Jowked, slept, C. 182.

Joy, Joye,

A. 266.

Joyfol, A. 288.

Joyleȝ, joyless, sorrowful, A. 252; C. 146.

Joyne, B. 726.

Joyned, A. 1009; B. 434.

Joyned, enjoined, A. 877; B. 62, 355.

Joynte, B. 1540.

Joyst, B. 434.

162b

Juel, Juele,

jewel, A. 249, 253, 278.

Jueler, Juelere,

jeweller, A. 252, 264.

Juelrye, jewelry, B. 1309.

Jugge, judge, A. 7, 804; C. 224.

Juggement, judgment, B. 726.

Juis, Juise,

judgment, doom, A. 726; B. 224.

Jumpred (? Jumpre from A.S. geomer, miserable, sad), trouble, B. 491.

Justyfyet, justified, A. 700.

K

Kable, B. 418.

Kake, B. 625, 635.

Kark, sorrow, C. 265. W. and Gael. carc, care.

Karle, churl, B. 208. See Chorle.

Kart, B. 1259.

Kayrene, to go, B. 945. See Cayre.

Kayser, emperor, B. 1593.

Kaȝt, caught, B. 1215.

Kene, great, noble, A. 839, 1593; sharp, B. 1697.

Kenely, quickly, B. 945.

Kenne, to know, make known, show, A. 55; A. 865, 1707; B. 357. O.N. kenna. Norse kjenna, to perceive by sense, recognise, observe.

Kennest, keenest, B. 1575.

Kepe, care for, regard, B. 508.

Kerve, dig, A. 512; cut, A. 1104; rend, B. 1582.

Kest, Keste,

contrive, A. 1070, 1455; cast, A. 66; B. 414.

Keue, depart, A. 320.

Keued, separated, A. 981.

Keuer, recover, restore, B. 1605, 1700.

163

Keye, key, B. 1438.

Klubbe, club, B. 1348.

Klyffeȝ, cliffs, A. 66, 74.

Knaue, knave, A. 855; servant, B. 801.

Knaue, Knaw, Knawe,

know; knawen, known, A. 637; B. 1435, 1575.

Knawlach, knowledge, B. 1702; See T. B. 1083.

Knot, crowd, company, A. 788.

Knyt, knit, unite, establish, B. 564.

Kost, coast, border, B. 912.

Kote, house, B. 801.

Koynt = quaint, curious, crafty, B. 1382.

Krakke, sound, B. 1403.

Kuy, kine, cows, B. 1259.

Kyd, Kydde,

showed, proved, (pret. of kythe), B. 23, 208. Kyde, as an adj. = renowned.

Kylle, to strike, B. 876. See T. B. 1211, 1213.

Kyndam, kingdom, B. 1700.

Kynde, nature, species, B. 266, 505, 507.

Kyndely, Kyndly,

naturally, properly, A. 1, 319.

Kynne, conceive, B. 1072. A.S. cennan, to conceive, beget.

Kynned, kindled, B. 915. O.N. kynda.

Kynneȝ, “alle kynneȝ = of every kind,” A. 1028.

Kyntly = kyndly, naturally, A. 690.

Kyppe, take up, seize, B. 1510. Prov.E. kep. O.N. kippa. A.S. 163b cépan. See Robt. of Glouc. 125. Havelok the Dane, 2407. “Kyppyn’ idem quod Hynton;” “Kyppynge or hyntynge (hentynge, K. P.), Raptus.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Kyrk, Kyrke,

church, temple, A. 1061; B. 1270.

Kyryous = curious, careful, particular, B. 1109.

Kyst, Kyste,

chest, ark, A. 449, 1438; B. 159.

Kyþe, show, exhibit, A. 356; A. 851, acknowledge, B. 1368. A.S. cíthan, to make known.

Kyþ, Kyþe,

city, land, region, A. 1198; A. 414, 571, 901, 912; B. 18. A.S. cyth, a region, home, native place.

Kyþyn (gen. pl. of kyþe), of cities, B. 1366.

L

Labour, sb. A. 634; vb. A. 504.

Lache, Lachche,

= latch, take, receive, A. 166; lached, received, A. 1186; taken, A. 266; reach, C. 322; “lach out,” take away, B. 425. A.S. læccan.

Lad, led, A. 801.

Ladde = lad, man (of inferior station), A. 36; B. 154. O.H.G. laz, libertinus. Ger. lasse. Du. laete, a peasant.

Ladde-borde, larboard, C. 106.

Laddres, ladders, B. 1777.

Lade, led, A. 1146.

164

Ladyly, A. 774.

Ladyschyp, A. 578.

Lafte, left, B. 1004.

Laften, (3d pers. pl. pret.) left, A. 622; C. 405.

Lake, Llak,

lake, deep, B. 438, 536.

Lakke, sin against, abuse, B. 723. Dan. and Sw. lak, fault, vice. Dan. lakke, decay, decline.

Lalled, Laled,

spoke, B. 153, 913. Dan. lalle, to prattle. Bavarian lallen, to speak thick, talk. Gr. λαλειν, to talk.

Lance, take, C. 350.

Langage, language, B. 1556.

Langour, sorrow, A. 357.

Lansed (? laused), uttered, A. 668; B. 489. Launch, in the dialect of Worcestershire, signifies to cry out, groan.

Lansed, ? quaked, B. 957.

Lanteȝ (? lanceȝ), lentest, gavest, B. 348.

Lantyrne, A. 1047.

Lape, lap, taste, B. 1434. Lape, lape, taste (Baker’s Northampton Glossary).

Lappe, sb. A. 201. A.S. læppa, border, hem. “Lappe, skyrte (lappe, barme, K.). Gremium.” (Prompt. Parv.)

“The word lap, according to many ancient writers, signified the skirt of a garment. Thus G. de Bibelsworth says,

It denoted, likewise, the hinder skirt.” (Way in Prompt. Parv.)

164b

Lapped, folded, clothed, B. 175. See T. B. 236.

Lasched, B. 707. ? became hot, lascivious.

Lasned = lessened, made smaller, B. 438, 441.

Lasse, less, A. 599, 600; B. 1640.

Laste, follow, A. 1146; C. 320. A.S. last, footstep. Goth, laistjan, to follow after.

Laste, fault, crime, C. 198.

Lastes, becomes faulty, B. 1141. Dan. last, vice, fault. O.N. löstr. S.Sax. last, calumny, blame. Icel. last. Ger. lästerung, slander.

Lat, slow, late, B. 1172. A.S. læt, slow, late. Cf. “lat-a foot, slow in moving.” (Wilbraham’s Cheshire Glossary.)

Laþe, to invite, B. 81. A.S. lathian. O.Sax. lathian. O.N. lada. Prov.E. lathe, to invite. A.S. lathu, invitation. N.Prov.E. lathing, invitation.

Lauce, loosen, do away with (?), B. 1589.

Laue, law, B. 723.

Lauande, pouring, flowing, B. 366.

Laue, pour out, A. 607; C. 154. A.S. lafian.

Launceȝ, branches (of trees), A. 978.

Launde, an open space between woods, a park; lawn, B. 1000, 1207. “Saltus a lawnd.” (Nominale MS.) Welsh llan. “Lawnde of a wode. Saltus.” (Prompt. Parv.) “Indago, a parke, a huntynge place, or a launde.” (Ortus.) “Lande, a land or launde, a wild untilled 165 shrubbie or bushy plaine.” (Cotg.) O.Fr. lande, saltus.

Lawe, hill, B. 992. Sc. law. A.S. hlæw, mound, mount. Goth. hlaiw.

Lawles, C. 170.

Lay, put down, B. 1650.

Layke, sb. sport, play, amusement, B. 122, 1053.

Layke, vb. to play, B. 872. A.S. lác, play; lácan, to play.

Layke, device, A. 274; B. 401.

Layned, kept secret, A. 244. N.Prov.E. lane, to hide. O.N. leyna.

Layth, vile, evil, C. 401. A.S. láth, evil, harm; láth, hateful, evil; “laithe hurtes,” T. B. 1351.

Layte, seek, search, B. 97, 1768. N.Prov.E. late. Icel. leita. Sw. leta, to look for; “laytyng aboute,” T. B. 2348.

Laȝares, lepers, B. 1093.

Laȝe, laugh, B. 653, 661.

Laȝte, Laȝt,

= laught, took, A. 1128, 1205. See Lache.

Le, shelter, C. 277. A.S. hleo, shade, shelter. Cf. T. B. 2806. O.N. hlja, to protect. Cf. Leeside = the sheltered side of a ship.

Leauty, loyalty, B. 1172.

Lebarde, leopard, B. 536.

Lecherye, B. 1350.

Led, Lede,

man, person, A. 542; B. 412. A.S. leód, man.

Led, Leede,

people, nation, B. 691, 772, 909. A.S. leóde, people, folk.

Ledden = leden, sound, A. 878. Chaucer uses the word leden in the sense of speech, language. A.S. hlyd. O.N. hliod, a sound.

Ledisch, national, pertaining to a people or country, B. 1556. S.Sax. leodisce. See Lede.

Leef, Lef,

adj. dear, precious; sb. dear one, wife, A. 266, 418; B. 772, 939, 1066. A.S. leóf.

Lefly, dear, beloved, B. 977. A.S. leóflíc.

Lefsel, bower, house formed of leaves, C. 448.

A.S. leaf, a leaf, and sel, dwelling, hall. Sw. löfsal, a hut built of green boughs. Levesel (another form of lefsel) is used 166 by Chaucer (Reve’s Tale, 4059), but is left unexplained in the glossary to Wright’s edition. Tyrwhitt’s derivation of this term from A.S. lefe, folium, and setl, sedes, is certainly very near the mark. Cf. “levecel beforne a wyndowe, or other place. Umbraculum.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Lege, liege, subject, B. 94, 1174.

Legioune, A. 1121, B. 1293.

Lel, true, B. 425. “Leve this for lell.” T. B. 239.

Lelly, truly, faithfully, A. 305; B. 1066. See T. B. 420.

Leme, glide away, A. 358.

Leme, shine, gleam, A. 119, 1043; B. 1273. A.S. leóma, a ray of light; leóman, to shine. See T. B. 699.

Lemman = leof-man, beloved one, mistress, A. 763, 796, 805; B. 1352. A.S. leóf, dear, and man. O.E. leofmon, a lover.

Lene, grant, C. 347. A.S. lænian.

Lenge, dwell, abide, A. 261, 933; A. 81, 412, 497, 994; B. 42. See T. B. 1937.

Lenger, longer, A. 600, 977; A. 810; lengest, B. 256.

Lenghe, length, A. 416.

Lent (pret. of lend), abode, dwelt, A. 256; watȝ lent, had dwelt, B. 1084.

Lent, arrived, C. 201. A.S. gelandian, to land, arrive.

Lenþe, length, A. 1031; B. 425, 1594.

166b

Lep, leaped, C. 179.

Lere, to teach, B. 843. A.S. læran

Lere, reward, ? here, A. 616.

Ler, Lere,

countenance, A. 398; pl. lers, features, B. 1542 A.S. hleor. See T. B. 480.

Lese, false, A. 865. See Lese.

Lesande, loosening, opening, A. 837. O.E. lese, les, to loose. Goth. lausjan.

Lese, false, B. 1719. A.S. leas.

Lest, Leste,

lost, A. 9; B. 887.

Lesyng, sb. lie, A. 897. A.S. leasung.

Leþe, assuage, lessen, cease, bate, cool. A. 377; A. 648; B. 3. A.S. leothian, to release, slacken. See Met. Hom. p. 135.

Leþe, sb. calm, C. 160. N.Prov.E. leath, rest, quiet. Stratmann compares O.Du. lede, ease, leath.

Lether, leather, B. 1581.

Lette, hinder, prevent, A. 1050; B. 1803.

Letter, B. 1580.

Lettrure, letters, learning, A. 751.

Leue, “aske leue,” A. 316; “take leue,” B. 401.

Leue, forsake, C. 401.

Leue, believe, A. 69, 865, 876; B. 1493.

Leued, leaved, A. 978.

Lewed, ignorant, B. 1580. A.S. leóde, leúd, the people.

Lik, to lick, B. 1000.

Likke, sip, drink, B. 1521.

Liureȝ, dresses, garments, A. 1108. O.Fr. livree.

Lode, lot, C. 156.

167

Lode, course, conduct, guidance, C. 504. A.S. lád, ládu, way. O.N. leid, course. Cf. lode, a way for water.

Lodesmon, conductor, pilot, A. 424; B. 179. A.S. ládman, a leader.

Lodly, Lodlych,

loathsome, hateful, vile, B. 274, 1090, 1093. N.Prov.E. laidly, ugly, foul. A.S. láthlíc, odious, detestable.

Lofly, dear, lovely, B. 1804.

Lofte, “upon lofte,” on high, B. 206, 318, 808. O.N. lopt, sky, air.

Loge, Logge,

tent, lodge, A. 784, 807, 1407; B. 457. Fr. loge, a hut. See T. B. 1140, 1369.

Logging, lodging, B. 887.

Loghe, Loȝ,

= low, lau, pit, deep, abyss, B. 366. O.N. lagr. Sw. låg, low.

Lokande, looking, C. 458.

Loke = loken, enclosed, C. 350.

Loke, guard, watch over, C. 504.

Lokyng, sb. sight, looking, A. 1049.

Loltrande, ? loitrande, lolling, loitering, C. 458. Du. loteren, to loiter. O.N. lotra, to go lazily.

Lombe, lamb, A. 841, 1047.

Lome, lame, B. 1094.

Lome, vessel, instrument of any kind; (1) ark; (2) boat, A. 314, 412, 443; B. 160. A.S. gelóma, lóma.

Lomerande, hesitating, creeping, 167b B. 1094. This term seems to be connected with lumber. O.E. lumer, lomer, to move heavily. O.Du. lammer, lemmer, impedimentum, molestia. (Kil.) Dan. belemre. Du. belemmern, to encumber, impede.

Lompe, lamp, A. 1046.

Londe, land, A. 148, 937.

Lone, path, lane, A. 1066. N.Prov.E. lone, lannin. Fris. lona, lana, a narrow way between gardens and houses. Is it connected with O.N. leyna, to hide, conceal?

Longande, belonging, A. 462.

Longed, belonged, B. 1090, 1747.

Lont, land, C. 322.

Lopen (p.p. of lepe, to leap), leapt, B. 990.

Lore, wisdom, learning, B. 1556. A.S. lár.

Lore, mode, wise, A. 236.

Lorn, lost, destroyed, B. 932.

Los, loss, B. 1589.

Lose, destroy, A. 909; C. 198; depart, be lost, B. 908.

Losed, lost, B. 586.

Losyng, perdition, B. 1031.

Losynger, sb. liar, deceiver. O.Fr. losengier.

Lot,
Lote,

sound, noise, roar, A. 876; C. 161, 183; word, B. 668. Sw. låta, to sound; låt, sound; låte, cry, voice. A.S. hleóthor, a sound, noise. O.E. lud, voice. The original form of the word is late.

Lote = late, countenance, feature, form, manner, A. 899; C. 47. This word occurs in Laȝamon under the form late, looks, glances. Glossarial remarks to Laȝamon, p. 449. Lete, countenance, is found in the Owl and Nightingale, 35, 403. A.S. wlite. O.N. læti.

Lote, lot, A. 1205; C. 173.

Lote = lout, bow, A. 238. A.S. lútan, to bend, bow, stoop. Sw. luta. See T. B. 1900.

Loþe, sb. sorrow, A. 377. A.S. láth, evil, harm.

Loþelych, wicked, bad, B. 1350.

Loute, abide, sit, A. 933.

Loute, bow, make obeisance. B. 798. See Lote.

Louande, praising, B. 1719.

Loue, praise, A. 285, 1124, 1127; B. 497, 987. A.S. lofian.

Loueȝ, hands, B. 987. N.Prov.E. leuf, palm of the hand, and hence used for the hand itself. Palm is used for the hand in early English authors. O.N. lofi. Sc. loof.

Loueloker, more lovely, A. 148.

168b

Lovne, offer (advice), propose, C. 173. N.Prov.E. loave, loff, to offer. O.N. lofa, promise, praise. Du. looven. Flem. loven, estimate. Cf. “Lovon and bedyn as chapmen, Licitor.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Louy, love, B. 841, 1053.

Louely, Louyely, Louyly, Louelych,

lovely, A. 565, 693; B. 1486.

Lowe, flame; “luf lowe,” flame of love, B. 707. O.E. logh (see T. B. 168) “the lowe hot,” T. B. 494.

Lowkande, locking, shutting, B. 441.

Loȝ, Loȝe,

the deep, pit, sea, A. 119; A. 441, 1031; B. 230. See Loghe.

Loȝ, Loȝe, low, B. 798, 1761.

Loȝed, made low, abased, B. 1650.

Loȝen, laughed (3rd pers. pl. pret. of laȝe, B. 495.

Loȝly, humbly, B. 614, 745.

Luche, pitch, throw, C. 230. N.Prov.E. lutch, to pulsate strongly. W. lluchio, to fling, throw violently. Stratmann suggests A.S. lyccan, pull, lutch.

Ludych, Ludisch,

national, B. 73, 1375. See Ledisch.

Luf, gen. sing., of love, B. 707.

Lufly, Luflych, Luflyly,

lovely, A. 880; A. 81; 939; B. 419.

Lufsoum, sb. lovesome, beloved one, A. 398.

Luged, was pulled, B. 443. O.N. lugga.

169

Lulted, sounded, B. 1207. O.N. lulla, to lull, sing to sleep. Cf. “lullit on slepe,” T. B. 648. Ger. lallen, to sing without words, only repeating the syllable la. N.Prov.E. lilt, to sing with a loud voice; lilt, a song.

Luly-whit, lilly-white, B. 977.

Lumpen, befallen, B. 424, 1320. See Lympe.

Lur, loss, C. 419.

Lureȝ, losses, A. 339, 358. A.S. lyre, lor.

Lurke, Lurkke,

A. 978; C. 277. See T. B. 1140.

Lusty, B. 981.

Luther, bad, wicked, A. 163, 1090; B. 156. A.S. lyther.

Luuy, love. See Louy.

Lyf, life, B. 1719.

Lyflode, sustenance in life, B. 561. A.S. lif-láde, from lád, a way.

Lyft, Lyfte,

heavens, firmament, sky, B. 212, 366, 1356, 1448. A.S. lyft.

Lyftande, lifting, rising, B. 443.

Lyfte, raised, A. 567.

Lyfte, left, B. 981, 1581.

Lygge, lie, B. 1126, 1792. A.S. licgan.

Lyke, vb. impers. please, A. 566; B. 36, 411, 693, 1646.

Lyke, adj. pleasing, C. 42.

Lykker, more like, C. 493.

Lykneȝ, likens, compares, A. 500; is like, B. 1064.

Lyknyng, sb. likeness, C. 30.

Lykoreȝ, liquors, drinks, B. 1521.

169b

Lykyng, sb. pleasure, A. 247; B. 172, 1803. See T. B. 2912.

Lylled, flourished, shone, C. 447. N.Prov.E. lilli-lo, a bright flame. Cf. Mod. Gr. λουλούδι, a blossom; λουλουδιαζω, to flourish, bloom. Is lylle, to flourish, connected with the word lilly?

Lympe, befall, happen, C. 174, 194. See T. B. 36. A.S. limpan, to happen, concern.

Lyne, lineage, A. 626.

Lynne, linen, A. 731.

Lyre, flesh, B. 1687. A.S. lira.

Lysoun, trace, B. 887.

Lyst, Lyste,

sb. pleasure, A. 467, 908; A. 843; lust, A. 693; vb. desire, please, A. 146; B. 415, 1766.

Lyst, path, border, B. 1761. Du. lijst, edge, border.

Lysten, to hear, A. 880.

Lysten, hearing, B. 586. A.S. hlist, hearing; hlistan, to hear, listen. O.N. hlust, an ear.

Lyte, little, B. 119.

Lyth, limb, A. 398. A.S. lith.

Lyþe, assuage, lessen, A. 357. See Leþe.

Lyþe, grant, A. 369.

Lyþer, evil, wickedly, A. 567. See Luþer.

Lyþerly, badly, negligently, B. 36.

Lyuie, Lyuy,

live, A. 558, 581; B. 364.

Lyuyande, living, A. 700.

Lyȝe, lie, A. 304.

Lyȝt, light, A. 69, 1043; bright, A. 500; innocent, guiltless, pure, A. 682; B. 987; lette 170 lyȝt, esteem, treat lightly, B. 1174, 1320.

Lyȝt, Lyȝte,

vb. to light, fall upon, A. 247, 943, 988; B. 213, 1069.

Lyȝten, to lighten, C. 160.

Lyȝtly, easily, A. 358; soon, quickly, A. 817, 853; C. 88. Comp. lyȝtloker, B. 47.

M

Ma, make, A. 283; B. 625.

Ma, man (?), A. 323.

Mach, Machche,

= make, fellow, companion, B. 124, 695, 1512. See Make.

Mache, to make familiar with, C. 99.

Mad, Madde,

foolish, A. 267, 290, 1166; B. 654. Prov. Ger. maden, to tattle; madeln, to mutter.

Madde, vb. to render foolish, A. 359.

Maddyng, folly, A. 1154.

Mak, Make,

= mach, match, equal, fellow, wife, A. 759; B. 248, 331, 994. A.S. maca, a mate; mace, a wife.

Makeleȝ, matchless, A. 435, 733, 757, 780.

Male, B. 337, 695.

Malicious, C. 508.

170b

Malscrande, accursed, B. 991.

Malskred, bewildered, C. 255. Bosworth quotes “malscra, a bewitching,” upon the authority of Somner.

Malt, Malte,

ease, assuage, soothe, B. 776, 1566. O.N. melta, to dissolve.

Malte, discourse, speak, A. 224, 1154. A.S. mælan, to speak, converse; mathelian, mæthlan, to discourse.

Malyce, Malys,

A. 250, 518; B. 4.

Man = maken (3d pers. pl. pres.), make, A. 512.

Manace, threaten, C. 422.

Manayre, manor, A. 1029.

Mancioun, mansion, B. 309.

Maner, manner, B. 701.

Maner, manor, A. 918.

Manerly, properly, decently, B. 91.

Mangerie, feast, B. 52, 1365. Fr. manger, to eat, from Lat. manducare.

Mankyn, mankind, A. 637.

Mansed, cursed, A. 774; B. 82. A.S. a-mánsumian, to excommunicate.

Mantyle, mantle, C. 342.

Marchal, marshal, B. 91, 118.

Mare, more, A. 145.

Margary, Margyrye,

pearl, A. 199, 1037; B. 556.

Marie, marry, B. 52.

Marked, market, A. 513.

Marre, corrupt, spoil, destroy, perish, A. 23; A. 279, 991; B. 172, 474. O.H.G. marrjan, to hinder, make void. A.S. merran, 171 myrran, to hinder. Du. merren, to obstruct.

Marereȝ = marreȝ (?). A. 382.

Maryag, Maryage,

A. 414, 778; B. 186.

Maryed, married, B. 815.

Marryng, sb. spoiling, preventing, B. 186.

Marschal, B. 1427.

Maryners, C. 99.

Mas, mass, A. 1115.

Mascelleȝ, spotless, A. 732.

Mascle, spot, A. 726. Du. maese, masche, maschel, a spot, stain; maschelen, to stain.

Mase (masse), astonishment, alarm, B. 395.

Maskeleȝ, Maskelles, Maskelleȝ,

spotless, A. 744, 745, 756, 768.

Maskle, spot, stain, B. 556. See Mascle.

Masporye (?), A. 1018.

Mate, dejected, downcast, subdued, A. 386. Fr. mat.

Mate, to overcome, A. 613. Fr. mater. O.Fr. amater. Cf. Du. mat, exhausted, overcome. Ger. matt, feeble, faint.

Mater, subject, B. 1617.

Matere, matter, C. 503.

Maugre, Maugref, Mawgre,

C. 44, 54. Fr. malgré, in spite of, against the will of; mal, ill; gré, will, pleasure. In B. 250 mawgre is used as a sb. = displeasure.

Mawe, stomach, C. 255. Ger. magen. Du. maag.

May, maid. A. 435, 780. A.S. mæg.

Maynful, great, powerful, A. 1093; 171b B. 1730. A.S. mægen, power, force, strength. O.N. megin, strength; mega, to be able.

Maynly, loudly, B. 1427.

Mayntnaunce, maintenance, B. 186.

Mayntyne, maintain, C. 523.

Mayster, master, lord, A. 462, 900; B. 1793.

Maysterful, powerful, A. 401; B. 1328.

Maystery, mastery, C. 482.

Maȝt, power, C. 112. Goth. mahts. Ger. macht, might, power.

Maȝty, mighty, B. 273, 279.

Maȝtyly, mightily, B. 1267.

Mede = meed, reward, B. 1632.

Medoes, meadows, B. 1761.

Megre, meagre, lean, B. 1198. Fr. maigre. Lat. macer, lean.

Mekne, make meek, B. 1328.

Mele, meal, B. 625.

Mele, sb. discourse, A. 23.

Mele, vb. to talk, relate, say, A. 497, 589; A. 736; B. 10.

Melle, speak, A. 797. See Malte.

Membreȝ, members, A. 458.

Mendes, amends, A. 351.

Mendyng, sb. improvement, repentance, A. 452; B. 764.

Mene, general, common, B. 1241. A.S. gemæne. Ger. gemein.

Mene, mean, A. 293.

Mene, tell, explain, B. 1635. A.S. mænan, to tell.

Meng, Menge,

mix, join, B. 337, 625. A.S. mengan.

Mensk, Menske,

sb. honour, A. 162, 783; A. 121, 522; thanks, B. 646; vb. to honour, 172 B. 141, 1740. A.S. mennisc, human. N.Prov.E. mense, to grace, deck; mense, decency, good manners.

Mensked, honoured, B. 118.

Menteene, maintain, A. 783.

Mercy, A. 576, 623.

Mercyable, merciful, A. 1113; B. 238.

Mercyles, B. 250.

Mere = meer, boundary, A. 778; B. 320. Du. meere. O.N. mæri, boundary.

Mere, sea, lake, stream, A. 140, 158, 1166; A. 991; B. 112. A.S. mere. O.Sax. meri. O.N. mar.

Merit, B. 613.

Merk, adj. dark, obscure, B. 1617.

Merk, sb. darkness, A. 894; B. 291. A.S. myrc, dark. O.N. myrkr, darkness; myrka, to darken, grow dark.

Merke, make, devise, order, place, B. 558, 637, 1487, 1617. A.S. mearcian. O.N. merkia, to mark, perceive, signify.

Mersy, A. 383; B. 776.

Meruayle, Merwayle,

adj. marvellous, A. 81; sb. a marvel, C. 1081, 1130; B. 586.

Meruelous, A. 1166.

Mery, pleasant, B. 1760.

Mes, A. 862. See Messe.

Message, A. 454; B. 81.

Meschef, evil, misfortune, A. 275; B. 373, 1164.

Mese, moderate, temper, assuage, B. 764. See Methe.

Messe, mass, service, A. 497.

Messeȝ, messes (of meat), B. 637.

Mester, need, A. 67; B. 342.

Mesure, measure, moderation, A. 224; A. 215, 247, 565; B. 295.

Mesurable, mild, temperate, B. 859.

Metalles, B. 1513.

Mete, meat, food, applied to an apple, A. 641.

Meten, to measure, A. 1032.

Meth, Meþe,

moderation, mildness, pity, B. 247, 436, 565.

A.S. mæthian, to measure, estimate, use gently; mæth, measure, degree; mæthlic, kind, courteous. N.Prov.E. meedless, without measure, immoderate.

Meþeleȝ, immoderate, B. 273.

Mette, measure, B. 625.

Metȝ = mese (?), pity, B. 215.

Meuande, moving, B. 783.

Meue, move, A. 156; B. 303.

Meuen (3rd pers. pl. pres.), move, A. 64. See T. B. 384.

Meyny, labourers, servants, A. 542; household, A. 331; company, A. 892, 899, 925; A. 454; B. 10.

Miry, pleasant, C. 32.

Misschapen (monstrous), wicked, B. 1355.

173

Mistrauthe, unbelief, B. 996.

Mo, more, A. 870, 1194; B. 674.

Mod, Mode,

= mood, pride, A. 401, 738; B. 565, 764.

Moder, mother, A. 435.

Modey, Mody,

= proud, haughty, A. 1303; B. 422.

Mokke, muck, dirt, A. 905.

Mol = mul, dust, A. 382. Flem. mul, gemul, dust. Du. mullen, to crumble. Pl. D. mull, loose earth, dust. Cf. “peat-mull,” the dust and fragments of peat. (Brockett.)

Molde, earth, A. 279; moldeȝ, lands, A. 454; “on molde,” on earth, A. 514, 1114; “in moldeȝ,” in earth, B. 494. A.S. molde, mould, earth. Goth. mulda. O.H.G. molta. Dan. muld.

Mon, man, A. 310.

Mon, moan, sorrow, A. 374.

Mone, moon, A. 923.

Monkynd, mankind, B. 564.

Mon-sworne, perjury, B. 182. Other forms of this word are main-sworn, man-sworn. O.H.Ger. meinsweridi, perjury, from main, mein, spot, stain, injury, impure, bad. O.N. mein, sore, crime.

Mony, many, A. 572; B. 1164.

Monyth, month, B. 493, 1030.

Moon, moan, sorrow, B. 373.

Moote = mote, spot, blemish, A. 948.

173b

Mor, moor, B. 385, 1673. A.S. mór, a moor, heath.

Morehond, more, A. 475. Cf. nerehande, near; betuixande, betwixt.

Morn, Morne,

morning, A. 493; morrow, B. 1001.

Mornyf, mournful, A. 386.

Mornyng, sb. mourning, A. 262.

Morteres, mortars, B. 1487.

Most, Moste,

greatest, B. 254, 385.

Mot, must, may, A. 397, 663.

Mot, Mote,

spot, blemish, sin, A. 764, 843, 855. Du. mot, dust.

Mote, vb. speak to, A. 613. A.S. mótian, to moot, debate. Then Medea with mowthe motys thus agayne. T. B. 610.

Mote, building, dwelling, abode, A. 142, 936, 937, 948, 949; city, C. 422. Mote signifies a hill, mound, moat, and hence a city on a hill (?). Mid. Lat. mota, hill or mound. O.Fr. mote.

MS. Lansd. 348, reads mount for mote.

174

Moteles, Moteleȝ,

spotless, A. 899.

Moul = mould, earth, A. 23.

Moun (3rd pers. pl. of mowe, to be able), are able, A. 536.

Mount, A. 868; B. 447.

Mountaunce, amount, C. 456.

Mountayne, B. 385.

Mountes, Mounteȝ,

= amounts, avails, A. 351; C. 332.

Mourkenes, mirkens, becomes dark, B. 1760. O.N. myrka, to darken, Dan. mörkne.

Mourkne, to rot, become rotten, B. 407. From this verb is derived the O.E. morkin, a dead beast, carrion, a scarecrow. O.N. morkinn, rotten; morkna, to rot.

Mourne, to mourn, C. 508.

Moȝt, might, could, B. 1108, 1668.

Mudde, B. 407.

Mukel, great, B. 52, 366, 1164. O.N. mikill.

Mul, dust, dirt, A. 905; B. 736. See Mol.

Multyplyed, B. 278.

Mun, C. 44. This may be another form of mon = moan. But the phrase “maugre his mun,” leads us to reject this interpretation. Maugre is generally used with some part of the body, as “mawgre his tethe,” “maugre his chekes,” etc. Mun may therefore signify the mouth. (Sw. mun, a mouth.) The term is still retained in the north of England. Halliwell quotes the following: 174b

Munster = minster, church, cathedral, temple, A. 1267; B. 268.

Munt, purpose, A. 1161. N.Prov.E. munt, a hint. See Mynt.

Murte, break, crush, C. 150. Pl. D. murten, to crush. See to-murte. In T. B. 4312 we have myrte = to crush. Bothe mawhownus & maumettes myrtild in peces.

Myddeȝ, midst, A. 740. See In-myddeȝ.

Mydnyȝt, midnight, B. 894.

Myke, sb. B. 417. Cf. Du. mik. The crutches of a boat, which sustain the main boom or mast and sail when they are lowered for the convenience of rowing.

Mykeȝ, free labourers (?), A. 572. A.S. mecg, a man. In the Cursor Mundi, Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 17, the angels are represented as speaking to Lot as follows:

Myneȝ, “me myneȝ,” I remember, B. 25. A.S. mynan, to remember. O.N. minna.

Mynge, record, mention, A. 855. A.S. myngian, to remind.

175

Mynne, recollect, remember, A. 583; B. 436, 771. See T. B. 1434. See Myneȝ.

Mynte, devise, purpose, B. 1628. A.S. myntan, myntian to dispose, settle, appoint. “Myntyn’ or amyn’ towarde for to assayen. Attempto.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Mynstralsy, B. 121.

Mynyster, minster, temple, A. 1063.

Mynystre, vb. B. 644.

Myre, B. 1114.

Myrþeȝ, joys, A. 140.

Myrþeȝ, gladdens, A. 862.

Myri, Myry,

= merry, pleasant, A. 23, 158; A. 417, 804; myryer, A. 850; myryest, B. 435.

Myryly, pleasantly, joyously, B. 493.

Mys, Mysse,

wrong, sin, A. 262; C. 420.

Myserecorde, mercy, A. 366.

Myse-tente, misunderstood, A. 257.

Mysse, to lose, A. 329; B. 189. O.N. missa, to lose. Du. missen, to fail, miss.

Mysse, loss, grief, A. 364.

Mysseleue, unbelief, B. 1230.

Mysse-payed, displeased, C. 399.

Mysse-ȝeme, mis-use, A. 322.

Myst, B. 1760.

Myste, mysteries, secrets, (?), A. 462.

Mysterys, A. 1194.

Myþe, to trouble, weary (?), A. 359. A.S. méthe, wearied; méth, feeble.

Myȝt, might, A. 630.

Myȝtes = mights, powers, B. 644, 1699.

175b

N

Nadde = ne hadde, had not, B. 404.

Nakeryne (gen. pl. of naker), B. 1413; naker, nacaire, seems to signify a kettle-drum.

Nas = ne was, was not, B. 727, 983.

Nature, A. 749.

Nauel, C. 278.

Naule, nail, A. 459.

Nauþeleȝ, Nawþeles,

nevertheless, A. 877, 950.

Nauþer, Nawþer,

neither, A. 1087; B. 1226.

Nawhere, nowhere, A. 534.

Nay, refuse, deny, B. 805.

Nayed, refused, B. 65.

Nayt, use, employ, B. 531. See T. B. 1038. A.S. neotan. O.N. nyta.

Naytly, neatly, dexterously, B. 480. See T. B. 2427. Nestor, a noble man, naitest in werre. T. B. 1038. N.Prov.E. nately, neatly.

Naȝte, night, A. 1203; B. 484, 807, 1002.

Ne, nor, B. 1226.

Nece, niece, A. 233.

Nedde, needed, A. 1044; hem nedde = they needed.

Nede, Nedeȝ,

of necessity, A. 344.

Nedleȝ, needless, useless, A. 381; B. 220.

Nee = ne, nor, A. 262.

Nel, ne wille, will not, B. 513.

Nem, took (pret. of nimme), A. 802; B. 505.

Nemme, name, A. 997. See T. B. 152.

176

Nente, ninth, A. 1012.

Nere, ne were, were not, B. 21.

Nere, Ner,

near, nigh, A. 286, 404; wel ner, nearly, B. 1585.

Nerre, nearer, A. 233; C. 85.

Nesch, gently, A. 606. A.S. hnesc, soft, tender.

Neue, fist, hand, B. 1537. N.Prov.E. neve, neif, a fist. O.N. hnefi.

Neuen, name, B. 410, 1376, 1525. O.N. nafn, a name; nefna, to name.

Neȝ, Neȝe,

nigh, near, A. 528; B. 803.

Neȝ, Neȝe, Neȝen,

approach, B. 32, 143, 805, 1016, 1754.

Nice, adj. foolish, A. 1354; sb. B. 1359. Fr. nice, foolish, simple.

Nif, ne-if, if not, B. 30.

Niye, trouble, B. 1002.

Noble, A. 1097.

Nobley, nobleness, B. 1091.

No-bot, only, B. 1127. N.Prov.E. no-bot.

Nok, nook, C. 278.

Nolde, ne wolde, would not, B. 805, 1091.

Nom, Nome,

took, A. 587; B. 1613; pret. of nimme, to take.

Nome, name, A. 872.

Nomen, seized, taken; p.p. of nimme, A. 1281; B. 360.

Norne, entreat, ask, B. 803. A.S. gnornian, to complain, murmur.

Norture, nurture, B. 1091.

Note, city, A. 922; B. 1233.

Note, devise, ordain, A. 1651; B. 220.

Note, device, purpose, A. 155; 176b B. 381, 727. A.S. nota, use, duty, employment; notian, to employ, use.

Note, A. 879, 883.

Notyng, device, devising, B. 1354. See Note.

Noumbre, number, B. 1283, 1376.

Nouþe, now, C. 414.

Nowþelese, nevertheless, A. 889.

Noye, trouble, annoy, B. 1236.

Noys, Noyse,

A. 849; B. 490.

Noȝt, naught, nothing, A. 520; A. 888; not, B. 106.

Noȝty, bad, B. 1359.

Nummen (p.p. nimme), taken, A. 1291; B. 76.

Nurne, speak, say, B. 669.

Nuye, displease, B. 578.

Nuyed, troubled, B. 1176.

Nw, Nwe,

new, A. 527; anew, A. 1079.

Nwy, wrath, B. 301.

Nwyed, displeased, B. 306.

Nye, trouble, A. 1376; nyes, troubles, A. 1754; B. 76.

Nyed, troubled, B. 1603.

Nyf = ne if, if not, B. 424.

177

Nyl, ne wyl, will not, A. 1261; B. 41.

Nylt, ne wylt, wilt not, C. 346.

Nym, Nymme,

take, B. 481. A.S. niman.

Nys, ne ys, is not, A. 951.

Nyse, nice, dainty, B. 824.

Nyteled, laboured, toiled, B. 888. Prov.E. nattle, to endeavour, to be busy about trifles. O.E. nyte, to use, employ, enjoy. O.N. nyta.

Nyȝe, nigh, A. 484; wel nyȝe, B. 704.

Nyȝt, Nyȝte,

night, A. 243; B. 526.

O

Obeche, reverence, B. 745. Prov. Fr. obezir.

Obes, obey, A. 886.

Odde, (1) not even, A. 426; (2) spotless, faultless, B. 505. See T. B. 4401, 6157, 6172, 6179, 6189, 6194, 6198.

Oddely, (a) alone, A. 923; (b) nobly, B. 698.

Oke, oak, B. 602.

177b

Olipraunce, vanity, fondness for gay apparel, B. 1349. Prov.E. olypraunce, a merry making.

On, an, A. 9.

One, alone, self, B. 872, 923, 1669.

Onelych, only, B. 1749.

Oneȝ, once, B. 801.

Onhede, unity, concord, B. 612.

On-hit, struck, inflamed with anger (?), C. 411. A.S. onhætan to inflame, heat.

On-lofte, aloft, on high, B. 692; 947.

On-ryȝt, aright, B. 1513.

On-sydeȝ, aside, C. 219.

On-wyde, about, B. 1423.

On-yȝed, one-eyed, B. 102.

Ordaynt, ordained, B. 237.

Ordenaunce, ordinance, B. 698.

Ordure, filth, B. 1092.

Ore, oar, C. 218.

Orenge, orange, B. 1044.

Organe, B. 1081.

Orisoun, prayer, C. 328.

Ornemente, ornament, B. 1799.

Orppedly, quickly, B. 623. N.Prov.E. orput, quick (at learning). Orped is generally derived from O.N. verpa, to throw; p.p. orpinn. But this etymology is very doubtful. Cf. “Orpud, audax, bellipotens.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Ossed, showed, C. 213. N.Prov.E. 178 awse, oss, to attempt, offer. W. osi.

Oste, host, army, B. 1204.

Oþer, or, A. 141.

Ouer-borde, C. 157.

Ouer-brawden, covered over, B. 1698.

Ouer-seyed, passed over, gone, B. 1686.

Ouer-tan, overtaken, C. 127.

Ouer-þwert, across, B. 316, 1384.

Ouer-tok, B. 1213.

Ouer-torne, past, B. 1192.

Ouer-walte, overflowed, B. 370.

Ouer-ȝede, past, went, B. 1753.

Ouerte, open, clear, A. 593.

Ouerture, opening, A. 218.

Oure, prayer, A. 690.

Out-borst, vb. outburst, B. 1251.

Out-comlyng, a stranger, B. 876. N.Prov.E. out-cumling, a foreigner, stranger. The more usual form in early English is comling.

Out-dryf, drive out, A. 777.

Out-fleme, banished, A. 1177. See Fleme.

Out-kast, B. 1679.

Out-sprent, outburst, A. 1137.

Out-taken, excepted, B. 1573.

Out-tulde, thrown out, C. 231.

Oȝe = owe, ought, A. 552.

Oȝt, Oȝte,

vb. ought, A. 341.

Oȝt, Oȝte,

pr. aught, A. 274; B. 663.

P

Pace, passage, A. 677.

178b

Pacience, Pacyence,

A. 1, 36.

Pakke, pack, B. 1282.

Pakke, company, A. 929.

Palayce, Palays,

B. 83, 1389, 1531.

Pale, A. 1004.

Palle = pall, fine cloth, B. 1384, 1637.

Pane, a side, division of a building, A. 1034. Lat. pagina, a leaf, any flat expanse. “A pane, piece or pannel of a wall, of wainscot, of a glasse window.” (Cotg.) “Pane of a wall, pan de mur.” (Palsg.)

Panne, head, but we may read paune, paws, claws, B. 1697.

Papeiay = a popinjay, a parrot, B. 1465. It. papagallo. O.Fr. papegau, papegay. Sp. papagayo, parrot.

Parage, kindred, rank, nobleness, A. 419; B. 167. O.Fr. parage.

Paramoreȝ, paramours, lovers, B. 700. Fr. par amour, by way of love.

Paraunter, peradventure, A. 588.

Parchmen, parchment, B. 1134.

Pare, cut, B. 1408, 1536.

Parform, perform, A. 542; B. 406.

Parfyt, perfect, A. 638.

Parget, plaister of a wall, B. 1536. “Pariette for walles, blanchissure.” (Palsg.)

Parlatyk, paralytic, B. 1095.

Partleȝ, partless, portionless, A. 335.

Partrykes, partridges, B. 57.

Pass, surpass, A. 428.

Passage, journey, C. 97.

179

Passande, passing, B. 1389.

Pasture, C. 393.

Pater, paternoster, A. 485.

Paume, palm, hand, B. 1533, 1542.

Pay, Paye,

pleasure, A. 1, 1164, 1176; C. 99.

Pay, please, A. 1165, 1177.

Payment, A. 598.

Paynt, A. 750.

Payre, pair, B. 335.

Payre = appayre, become worse, fade, B. 1124. Lat. pejor, worse. “To appayre to waxe worse.” (Palsg.)

Payred, impaired, A. 246.

Pechche, sin, fault, A. 841. Fr. péché.

Penance, Penaunce,

A. 477.

Peneȝ, pens, folds (for cattle), B. 322.

Penitotes, (? Peritotes), a kind of stone (the peritot or peridot Marsh), B. 1472.

Penne, B. 1724.

Penne-fed, B. 57.

Pensyf, pensive, A. 246.

Pented, appertained, belonged to, B. 1270.

Peraunter, peradventure, B. 43.

Pere, Per,

equal, peer, A. 4; B. 1214, 1336.

Pereȝ, pears, A. 104.

Perile, B. 856, 942.

Perré, precious stones, jewelry, A. 730; B. 1117.

Pertly = apertly, openly, B. 244. See T. B. 1130. Cf. “pert wordes,” T. B. 977.

Peryle, A. 695; C. 85.

179b

Pes, peace, A. 952.

Pich, pitch, B. 1008.

Pike = pick, pluck, B. 1464.

Pinnacle, B. 1463.

Pité, pity, B. 232.

Pitously, Pytosly,

A. 370, 798.

Planed, B. 310.

Planete, A. 1075.

Plaster, B. 1549.

Plat, flat, B. 1379.

Plat, struck (pret. of plette, to strike), B. 1265. A.S. plættian.

Plater, plate, platter, B. 638.

Plateȝ, A. 1036.

Plat-ful, brimful, B. 83.

Plattyng, sb. striking (or folding?), B. 1542.

Play, A. 261.

Play-fere, play-fellow, companion, C. 45.

Playn, adj. even, clear, A. 178, 689; A. 1068; B. 439.

Playn, sb. A. 104, 122; B. 1216.

Playned, lamented, A. 53, 242.

Playneȝ, complains, C. 376.

Playnt, complaint, A. 815.

Plek, place, plot of ground, B. 1379. “Pleckke or plott, porculetum.” (Prompt. Parv.) N.Prov.E. pleck. A.S. plæc.

“Se that the hare hathe be at pasture in grene corne, or in eny other plek.”

(Quoted by Way from MS. Harl. 5086, fol. 47.)

Pleny, to complain, A. 549.

Plete, demand, plead for, A. 563.

180

Pleyn, mourn, C. 371.

Plontte, plant, A. 104.

Plow, plough, B. 68.

Plyande, pliant, C. 439.

Plye, A. 1039; B. 196, 1385.

Plyt, danger, fault, A. 647; A. 1494; B. 114. A.S. pliht.

Plyȝt, condition, A. 1075; B. 111.

Pobbel, pebble, A. 117.

Pole, pool, stream, A. 117.

Polle, poll, head, B. 1265. Du. polle, pol, head, top, crown.

Polmente, a kind of pottage, B. 628. O.Fr. polment. Lat. pulmentum. “Pulmentarium a pulment.” Nominale, MS.

Polyce, Polyse,

polish, B. 1068, 1131, 1134.

Polyle, poultry, B. 57. Fr. poule, a hen; poulet, a chicken. Lat. pullus. “Polayle, bryddys or fowlys, Altilis.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Pomgarnade, pomegranate, B. 1466. Cf. Lat. malum granatum. It. granata. Sp. granada.

Poplande, rushing, foaming, C. 319. N.Prov.E. popple, to tumble about with a quick motion. O.Sc. pople, to flow, rush.

180b

Porchase, purchase, A. 439.

Porche, B. 785.

Pore, poor, A. 873.

Porfyl, hem, A. 216. Fr. pourfiler, to work upon the edge, embroider; fil, a thread. O.E. purfle, to overlay with gems or gold. “Purfyll or hemme of a gowne, bort.” (Palsg.)

Porpre, purple, B. 1568.

Porros, B. 1772.

Port, gate, A. 856; harbour, B. 90.

Portale, A. 1036.

Portray, B. 700.

Poruay, Poruaye,

to provide, A. 1502; B. 36.

Possyble, A. 452.

Potage, B. 638.

Poursent, course, A. 1035.

Pourtray, B. 1271. Fr. pourtraire.

Pouer, power, B. 1654.

Pouer, Pouere,

poor, B. 615, 1074.

Poueren (pl. of pouer), poor, B. 127.

Pouert, poverty, C. 43.

Pouerté, C. 13.

Powdered, A. 44.

Powleȝ, pools, C. 310.

Poyned, trimmed, ornamented, A. 217.

Poynt, sb. particle, A. 891.

Poysened, B. 1095.

Poyntel, a style, B. 1533.

Pray, sb. prey, A. 1297; vb. to plunder, B. 1624.

Prayse, A. 301.

Prece, press, B. 880.

Prechande, preaching, B. 942.

Precios, Precious,

A. 4, 216; B. 1282.

181

Prelate, A. 1249; B. 389.

Pres, press, A. 730; to press, A. 957.

Prese, praise, honour; “his prese, his prys,” A. 419. Sp. prez, honour, glory. Fr. prix, value, worth, price.

Prese, Pres,

sb. press, A. 1114; vb. B. 1249.

Presens, Presente,

presence, A. 389; B. 8, 1496.

Present, vb. B. 1217.

Presonere, prisoner, B. 1217.

Prest, ready, A. 147; B. 303. Ital. presto.

Prestly, quickly, B. 628.

Presyous, B. 1496.

Pretermynable, A. 596.

Preue, prove, A. 983; B. 704, 1748.

Prisoner, B. 1297.

Profecie, B. 1158, 1308.

Profere, A. 235, 1200.

Profert, B. 1463.

Professye, A. 821.

Profete, prophet, A. 797.

Proper, A. 686.

Propertéȝ, properties, A. 752.

Property, A. 446.

Prophete, A. 831; B. 1300.

Prosessyoun, procession, A. 1096.

Prouince, B. 1300.

Pruddest, proudest, B. 1300.

Prudly, proudly, B. 1379, 1466. See T. B. 857.

Pryce, chief, B. 1308.

Prymate, B. 1570.

Pryncipale, B. 1531, 1781.

181b

Pryncipalté, dominion, B. 1672, 1738.

Priys, Prys,

value, worth, A. 272, 419, 755; B. 1117. See Prese.

Prysoun, C. 79.

Pryuely, B. 238.

Pryuy, A. 12; pryuyest, B. 1748.

Pulde, pulled, B. 1265.

Pulle, draw, B. 68.

Pure, adj. A. 227; A. 704; vb. B. 1116.

Purely, Purly,

A. 1004; B. 1660.

Purpre, purple, A. 1016.

Pursaunt, a sergeant, B. 1385. O.Fr. pursuivant.

Pursue, B. 1177.

Purtraye, B. 1465, 1536.

Puryté, B. 1074.

Pyche, pitch, fix, B. 477.

Pye, B. 1465.

Pyked, adorned, A. 1036.

Pykeȝ, pick, choose, A. 573.

Pyle, building, A. 686.

Pyle, to rob, B. 1270, 1282. Fr. piller, to rob.

Pylere, pillar, B. 1271.

Pyne, vb. to torment, A. 1095; sb. pain, B. 330. Du. pijnen, to torture.

Pyne = pynd, fasten, C. 79. A.S. pyndan, to shut in.

Pynkardine, ? perre carnadine, carnelian stone (Marsh), B. 1472.

Pyony, A. 44.

Pytosly, pitifully, A. 370.

Pyty, A. 1206.

Pyȝt, fixed, placed (pret. of pyche), A. 117, 228, 742; B. 785.

182

Q

Quat, what, A. 293.

Quat-kyn, what kind of, A. 771.

Quauende, flowing, waving, B. 324.

Quayle, sb. quail, A. 1085.

Quayntyse, wisdom, craft, B. 1632. O.Fr. accointer, to make known; coint, informed, acquainted with. Lat. cognitus.

Qued, sb. evil, crime, ill, A. 567; B. 4. Du. kwaad, bad. Pl. D. quat.

Quelle, kill, A. 799; A. 324; subdue, B. 4. A.S. cwellan.

Queme, adj. pleasing, A. 1179. A.S. cweman, to please. Your qweme spouse, T. B. 634.

Quen, when, A. 40, 93, 232, 804.

Quenche, C. 4.

Quere, where, A. 65.

Query, A. 803.

Quest, C. 39.

Queþer-so-euer, whether-so-ever, A. 606.

Quikken, C. 471.

Quo, who, A. 747.

Quo-so, who-so, A. 1647; B. 5.

Quos, whose, B. 1648.

Quoynt, wise, A. 889; A. 160, 871; curious, B. 1459. See Quayntyse.

Quoyntis, clothing, B. 54. “Quoyntyse, yn gay floryschynge, or other lyke. Virilia.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Quoyntyse, device, C. 39. See Quayntyse.

Quyk, Quik,

quick, living (pl. quykeȝ, A. 1179; A. 567), B. 324.

Quyl, while, B. 627.

182b

Quyte, requite, reward, A. 595; B. 1632.

Quyte, white, A. 220, 842, 844.

R

Raas = rase, rese, way, course, A. 1167. A.S. ræs, way, course, race. Sw. resa.

Rac, storm, vapour, B. 433. N.Prov.E. rack, driving clouds, clouds driven along by the wind.

Rachche, proceed, go, B. 619. A.S. ræcan, to reach, extend. O.H.G. rechen. N.Prov.E. ratch, stretch. Perhaps rachche is a softened form of rayke (Icel. reika, to go), to go. S.Sax. ruchen.

Rad, frightened, B. 1543. Sw. raedd, afraid. N.Prov.E. rade.

Radde, advised, C. 406 (pret. of rede, to advise). See Rede.

Radly, readily, quickly. A.S. rád, ready, quick; rádlice, speedily.

Raft, bereft, took, (pret. of reve), A. 1142, 1431; taken, B. 1739. See Reue.

Rak, C. 176. See Rac.

183

Rakel, hasty, rash, C. 526. N.Prov.E. rackle.

Rakente, chain (?), C. 188. A.S. raccenta.

Rakke, C. 139. See Rac.

Ramelande, fetid, filthy, C. 279. Prov.E. ram, fetid; rammely, tall, rank; ramel, rubbish, dirt.

Randeȝ, paths, borders, A. 105. A.S. rand, rond, a border, rim, edge.

Rank, strong, severe, B. 233. Fris. rank, long-grown, rank. Dan. rank, upright. See T. B. 1392, 1879.

Ranker, rancour, B. 756.

Rape, blow, B. 233. Sw. rapp.

Rapely, quickly, A. 363, 1168. O.E. rape, haste. O.N. rápa, cursitare. In T. B. rape = to hasten (818).

Rasch, A. 1167.

Rasp, B. 1545, 1724.

Rasse, summit, top, B. 446. N.Prov.E. raise, a mound, cairn. O.N. reysa.

Ratted, rent, ragged, B. 144; from O.E. ratte, to tear, rend. N.Prov.E. rats, pieces, fragments. Fris. rite, tear, pull.

Rauþe, Rawþe,

= ruth, pity, sorrow, A. 858; A. 233, 972; mercy, B. 21.

Raue, A. 363, 665.

Rauen, B. 455.

Rauyste, ravished, A. 1088.

183b

Rawe, row, “vpon a rawe,” in a row, in order, A. 545.

Raweȝ, rows, borders, A. 105.

Raw-sylk, B. 790.

Raxled, roused up, A. 1174. A.S. ræscian, to shake, rustle. O.N. ruska. Sc. rax, to stretch.

Ray, A. 160.

Raykande, going, flowing, A. 112; B. 382.

Rayke, go, A. 465, 671; B. 89. O.N. reka. N.Prov.E. rake, to go about.

Raynande, raining, B. 382.

Rayn-ryfte, rain-fissure, B. 368.

Raysoun, reason, cause, A. 268; C. 191.

Raȝt, Raȝte,

afforded, extended (pret. of rache), B. 561, 766, 1691. See Rachche.

Reame, realm, B. 1316.

Rebaude, ribald, B. 873. Fr. ribald, from O.H.G. hrúpa, a prostitute. (Burguy.)

Rebel, B. 455.

Rebounde, B. 422.

Rebuke, A. 367.

Recen, tell, A. 827. A.S. recan.

Reche, reach, extend, B. 10, 1369.

Rech, Reche,

reck, care, A. 333; B. 465. A.S. récan.

Reche = reke, smoke, B. 1009. A.S. reác.

Recorde, sb. A. 831; vb. B. 25.

Recoverer, recovery, B. 394.

Rede, vb. to counsel, advise, A. 1346; explain, B. 1578. A.S. rædan.

Redles, Redeles,

without counsel, uncertain, fearful, A. 1197; B. 502.

184

Refete, feed, refresh, A. 88; C. 20.

Reflayr, smell, A. 46; odour, B. 1079. Fr. flairer, to smell. Prov. Fr. flairar, to smell, sniff.

Refrayne, B. 756.

Reget, A. 1064.

Regretted, A. 243.

Regioun, A. 1178; B. 760, 964.

Rehayte, cheer, B. 127. O.Fr. rehaiter.

Reiatéȝ, kingdoms, royalties, A. 769. O.Fr. reiauté = reialté, royalty.

Reken, beautiful, A. 5, 906; joyous, A. 92; merry, A. 1082; pious, A. 10, 738; wise, B. 756. See Wright’s Lyrical Poems, p. 27. A.S. recan. O.S. recon, to order, direct. Pl. D. reken, right, straight, orderly.

Rekenly, nobly, princely, B. 127, 1318.

Rekken up, A. 2.

Relande, reeling, C. 270.

Rele, reel, roll, C. 147.

Reles, Relece,

cessation, A. 956; B. 760.

Releue, C. 323.

Relusaunt, shining, A. 159. O.Fr. reluire, to shine.

Relygioun, B. 7, 1156.

Relyke, B. 1156, 1269.

Reme, realm, A. 448, 735.

Reme, lament, cry, A. 858, 1181; C. 502. A.S. hreman.

Remembre, C. 326.

Remnaunt, remainder, A. 1160; B. 433.

Remorde, grieved, A. 364.

Remue, Remwe,

remove, A. 427, 899; B. 646, 1673.

184b

Renay, reject, forsake, A. 105; B. 344.

Renge, Rengne,

reign, B. 328, 1321.

Rengneȝ, courses, B. 527. A.S. ryne, course.

Renischche, foreign, strange, B. 96. See Runische.

Renk, Renke,

a man, originally a warrior, B. 7, 96, 766, 969. A.S. rinc. O.N. reckr.

Renne, run, B. 527, 1392.

Renoun, A. 986, 1182.

Renowleȝ, renews, A. 1080.

Renyschly, fiercely, B. 1724. See Runische.

Reparde, kept back, A. 611.

Repayre, vb. A. 1028.

Repente, A. 662.

Repreue, reprove, A. 544.

Requeste, A. 281.

Rere, rise, A. 366, 423; A. 188; raise, C. 873; proceed, B. 160.

Rert, if not rered, raised = ert, powerful, A. 591. Cf. ertid. T. B. 2641, 4841.

Res, onset, assault, B. 1782. See Raas.

Reset, resting place, seat, abode, A. 1067.

Resonabele, Resounable,

A. 523; B. 724.

Resoun, A. 665, 716; B. 1633.

Respecte, “in respecte of,” A. 84.

Respyt, A. 644.

Resse, “on resse,” in course, A. 874. See Raas.

Restay, keep back, restrain, A. 716, 1168.

Restleȝ = restless, unceasing, B. 527.

185

Restore, A. 659; B. 1705.

Retrete, treat of, A. 92.

Reue, bereave, C. 487. A.S. refian, reafian. O.Fris. râva.

Reuel, B. 1369.

Reuer, river, A. 105.

Reuerence, Reverens,

B. 10, 1318.

Rewarde, A. 604.

Rewfully, sorrowfully, A. 1181.

Rewled, ruled, ordered, B. 294.

Reynyeȝ, reins, B. 592.

Reȝtful, rightful, B. 724.

Rial, royal, B. 1082.

Rialté, royalty, B. 1321.

Ridlande, dropping (as out of a sieve), oozing, B. 953. A.S. hriddel, a sieve; hridrian, to sift.

Riboudrye, ribaldry, B. 184.

Rigge, back, C. 379. A.S. hrycg.

Rifteȝ, pieces, fragments, B. 964.

Ring = rink, man, B. 592. See Renk.

Robbor, B. 1269.

Roborrye, B. 184.

Roche, rock, B. 537.

Rode, cross, A. 705; C. 96.

Rok, crowd, throng, B. 1514. Sc. rok. O.Sw. rok, cumulus.

Rollande, curly, waving, B. 790.

Rome = roam, go, C. 52.

Romy, roar, howl, B. 1543. A.S. reomian, to cry out. O.E. rome. Sc. rame. Sw. raama.

Ronk = rank, fine, A. 844; bold, A. 1167; A. 490; bad, A. 455, 760; full grown, C. 869; sb. boldness, B. 298.

Ronkly, fiercely, C. 431.

Rop, rope, C. 150.

185b

Rop, gut, intestine, C. 270. N.Prov.E. ropps, the guts. A.S. roppas, the bowels, entrails, the raps. Cf. A.S. rop-weorc, the colic.

“Huervore he (the liar) is ase the gamelos (chameleon), thet leveth by the eyr, and naȝt ne heth ine his roppes bote wynd, and heth ech manere colour, thet ne heth non (of) his oȝen.”

(The Ayenbite of Inwyt, E. E. T. S. p. 62.)

Rore, roar, cry, B. 390, 1543.

Rose, praise, B. 1371. Sc. ruse. Sw. rosa. Dan. rose, to praise.

Rot, Rote,

root, A. 26.

Rote, sb. rot, decay, B. 1079.

Rote, lyre of seven strings, B. 1082. O.H.G. hrotta. M.H.G. rotte. W. crwth. Eng. crowd.

Roþeled, prepared, A. 59; rushed, hastened, B. 890. A.S. hrathian, to be quick. Or from Welsh rhuthr, a sudden gust, onset, assault. Lanc. rhute, passion. Sc. ruther, uproar.

Roþer, rudder, B. 419.

Roþun, rush, B. 1009. See Roþeled.

Roum, room, B. 96.

Roun = rune, discourse, C. 514. A.S. rún, a letter, character, mystery, council, conversation.

Rourde, sound, A. 112. A.S. reord, reard, speech, language.

Route, snore, C. 186. Fr. router. O.N. rauta, to roar, bellow.

Rownande, murmuring, A. 112.

186

Rowned, sounded, C. 64. A.S. rúnian, to whisper.

Rowtande, rushing, B. 354. “A routond rayn,” T. B. 1986.

Rowte, company, band, host, B. 969, 1197, 1782.

Rowwe, row, C. 216.

Royl, royal, B. 790.

Roȝ, Roȝe,

rough, A. 382, 1724; A. 139, 147; roughness, C. 1545; B. 144.

Roȝly, roughly, B. 433. Is it an error for rwly, sorrowful?

Roȝt, cared for (pret. of reche), C. 460.

Ruchen, fettle, set in order, C. 101. M.H.G. rechen. O.S. recon. A.S. recan, to order, direct.

Ruddon, light, literally redness, B. 893. O.N. rodna, rubescere, erubescere; rodi, rubor, rubigo. Prov.E. roaded, rody, streaked.

Rudnyng, ? lightning, C. 139. See Ruddon.

Rueled, rushed, B. 953. O.N. hrolla. Dan. rulle.

Ruful, sorrowful, pitiful, A. 916.

Runnen (p.p. of rinne), run, A. 26, 874.

Runisch, strange, B. 1545. A.S. rénisc, hidden; from rún, a mystery.

Runyschly, fiercely, roughly, C. 191. Renisch or runisch, signifies not only strange but fierce, 186b rough. N.Prov.E. rennish, rinnish, furious.

Rurd, cry, noise, A. 390; B. 64. A.S. reord.

Ruþe, arouse, B. 895, 1208. See Roþeled.

Ruyt, hasten, endeavour, C. 216. Fris. rite, to pull.

Rwe, to pity, C. 176, 502; vb. impers. rwe, repent, B. 290, 561. A.S. hreówan, to rue, repent, grieve; hreówian, to be sorry for.

Rwly = ruly, sorrowfully, piteously, A. 390; B. 96.

Ryal, royal, A. 160; B. 786.

Ryally, royally, A. 987; B. 812.

Rybaude, ribald, C. 96.

Rybe, ruby, A. 1007.

Ryche, kingdom, A. 601, 722. A.S. ríce.

Ryche, rich, A. 770.

Rydelande, drifting, C. 254. See Ridlande.

Rydelles, without counsel, uncertain, B. 969. See Redeles.

Ryf = rife, abundant, plentiful, A. 770, 844. A.S. ryf, frequent. O.N. rifr.

Ryg, Ryge,

rain, torrent, shower, B. 354, 382. O.N. hregg. A.S. racu. N.Prov.E. rag.

187

Ryngande, ringing, B. 1082.

Rynk, man, C. 216. See Renk.

Rypande, searching, trying, B. 592. O.E. rype, to probe, plunder. A.S. rypan; N.Prov.E. to investigate.

See State Papers, i. 295.

Rysed, rose, B. 1778.

Ryth, a hound, mastiff, B. 1543. A.S. riththa, a mastiff.

Ryȝt, right, A. 622.

Ryȝtwys, righteous, right, A. 675; C. 490.

Ryȝtwysly, aright, A. 709.

S

Sacrafyce, Sacrefyce,

A. 510, 1447; B. 239.

Sad, Sade, Sadde,

sad, staid, solemn, A. 211, 887; A. 595; long, A. 1286; bitter, B. 525.

Sadele, saddle, B. 1213.

Sadly, soundly, heavily, C. 442.

Saf, safe, secure, A. 672.

Saf, save, except, B. 1749.

Saffer, Safyre,

sapphire, A. 1002; B. 1469.

Sage, B. 1576.

Saghe = saw, word, A. 226. See Saw.

Sake, fault, A. 800; C. 84. A.S. sacu.

Sakerfyse, sacrifice, A. 1064; B. 507.

Sakleȝ = sakeless, innocent, faultless, B. 716. Sc. sackless. O.N. saklaus, innocent. See Sake.

187b

Sakred, hallowed, B. 1139.

Sale, hall, palace, B. 120, 1260, 1722. A.S. sal. T. B. 1657.

Samen, adv. together, at once, A. 518; A. 400, 468; adj. B. 985. O.N. saman.

Samen, to consort with, B. 870. A.S. samnian, to assemble, collect.

Samne, assemble, B. 53.

Samned, assembled, B. 126, 361.

Samnes (imp. of samne), C. 385.

Sample, example, A. 499; B. 1326.

Sapyence, wisdom, B. 1626.

Sardiner, sardine stone, B. 1469.

Sardonyse, sardonyx, A. 1006.

Sarre (comp. of sare), sorer, more painful, A. 1195; superl. sarrest, B. 1078.

Sattle, settle, C. 409. N.Prov.E. sattle.

Sau, Saue,

= saw, word, B. 1545.

Sauce, B. 823.

Saudan, sultan, B. 1323.

Saule, Sawle,

soul, A. 461; A. 290; B. 325.

Saundyuer, sandever, glass-gall, B. 1036.

Sauter, psalter, A. 677.

Sauteray, psaltery, B. 1516.

Saue, A. 666.

Sauer, vb. savour, B. 825.

Sauerly, savourly, sweet, A. 226.

Sauor, Savour,

A. 510, 995, 1447; B. 275.

Sauyté, safety, B. 489.

Saw, Sawe,

word, A. 278; B. 109. A.S. sagu.

Sayde = sadde, stedfast, B. 470.

188

Saym, fat, grease, C. 275. Prov.E. saim, seam, lard. W. saim.

Sayned, blessed, B. 746. A.S. senian. Ger. segnen, to bless.

Saynt, A. 835.

Saȝ, Saȝe,

word, B. 1599, 1737. See Saw.

Saȝ, saw, A. 1021.

Saȝt, Saȝte,

reconciliation, A. 1201; adj. at peace, A. 52. A.S. saht, peace; saht, reconciled; sahtlian, to reconcile.

Saȝtled, appeased, reconciled, B. 230, 1139.

Saȝtled, settled, restored, A. 445; became calm, B. 232.

Saȝtlyng, reconciliation, peace, B. 490, 1795.

Saȝttel, to be calm, patient, C. 529.

Scale, A. 1005.

Scape, escape, A. 62, 529, 928; B. 155.

Scarre = scare, vb. be frightened, A. 598, 838; scatter, B. 1784. N.Prov.E. skair, wild, timid. S.Sax. skerren, to terrify.

Scaþe, harm, ruin, wrong, sin, B. 21, 196, 569, 600, 1148.

Scaþe, to break, destroy, B. 1776. A.S. scethan, to injure, hurt, harm. Sceththe, injury, loss, guilt.

Scaþel, dangerous, C. 155. Goth. skathuls. O.H.G. scadhal, hurtful. 188b

Ascalphus, a skathel duke, T. B. 4067.

Scelt, spread, served (?), B. 827.

Schad, descended, B. 1690.

Schadowed, shaded, A. 42.

Schaftes, beams, rays, A. 982; C. 455. A.S. sceaft, dart, arrow.

Schalk, Schalkke,

man, fellow, A. 762, 1029; B. 476. A.S. scealc, a warrior, serving man. Goth. skalks. O.S. scalc. O.N. skálkr.

Schape, devise, form, A. 247; endeavour, C. 762; happen, B. 160. A.S. scapan, to appoint, shape, create. O.N. skapa.

Schauen, shaven, scraped, B. 1134.

Schawe, show, B. 1599.

Schawe, Schaȝe,

grove, thicket, wood, A. 284; C. 452. Prov.E. scow, shaw. O.N. skógr, Dan. skov, a wood.

Schede, depart, A. 411.

Scheldeȝ, shields (of a boar), B. 58.

Schende, ruin, destroy, B. 519. 189 A.S. scendan, to confound, shame, destroy.

Schended, accursed, C. 246.

Schene = sheen, sb. bright, beautiful, A. 166, 965; brightness, A. 440; adj. C. 203, 1145; B. 1076, 1310. A.S. sceone, beautiful; scine, splendour.

Schent, Schente,

destroyed, A. 668; A. 1029; ruined, B. 47, 580.

Schep, sheep, A. 801.

Schepon, stall, stable, B. 1076. A.S. scypen.

Schere, divide, separate, A. 107; purify, A. 165. A.S. scéran, to divide.

Schet, shut, C. 452.

Schin, shall, B. 1435. See “Liber Cure Cocorum,” p. 29, l. 29.

Schome, shame, B. 1115.

Schomely, shamefully, C. 128.

Schonied, shunned, B. 1101.

Schor, shower, B. 227.

Schore, shore, A. 230.

Schorne (gold), purified, refined, A. 213. See Schere.

Schortly, quickly, hastily, B. 519, 600.

Schowte, shout, A. 877.

Schowue, shove, B. 44, 1029, 1740.

Schrewe, a wicked person, a wretch, A. 186; B. 77.

Schrewedschyp, wickedness, B. 580.

Schrowde, clothing, B. 47, 170. A.S. scrúd, garment, shroud.

189b

Schrylle = shrill, clear, A. 80.

Schulder, shoulder, B. 981, 1690.

Schunt = aside, aslant, B. 605. O.E. shunt, to slip aside, withdraw. A.S. scunian, to shun. Du. schuins, slope, slant.

Schylde, to shield, A. 965; C. 440.

Schyldere, shoulder, A. 214.

Schym, bright, A. 1077. A.S. scima, a brightness. M.H.G. schîm. A.S. sciman, to glitter, shine. See T. B. 4974.

Schymeryng, sb. brightness, A. 80. A.S. scimrian, to shine. Du. schémeren, to dazzle. Sw. skimra, to glitter.

Schyn, shall, B. 1810. See Schin.

Schynde, shone, A. 80.

Schyr, Schyre,

brightly, A. 28; bright, beautiful, A. 42, 284; A. 553, 605, 1278; bare, A. 1690. Comp. schyrrer, B. 982. A.S. scír, sheer, pure, clear, bright. See T. B. 1269.

Sclade = slade, valley, green plain, A. 1148. A.S. slæd.

Sclaȝt, slaughter, B. 56.

Scoghe, scoff, or perhaps perverseness, backsliding, A. 610. A.S. sceoh, askew, perverse.

Scole, cup, B. 1145. O.N. skál. Dan. skaal.

Scolere, scholar, B. 1554.

Scomfyt, to discomfit, B. 1784.

190

Scope, scoop, C. 155.

Scorn, Scorne,

vb. A. 709; sb. B. 827.

Scoumfit, discomfited, B. 151.

Scowte-wach, sentinel, guard, B. 838.

Scoymous, particular, scrupulous, fearful, B. 21, 1148.

Scrof, rough, B. 1546.

Scrypture, writing, B. 1546.

Scue. See Skewe.

Scylle, wit, B. 151. It signifies also reason, cause. O.N. skil.

Scylful, wise, B. 1148.

Sech, Seche,

seek, A. 354; B. 29, 420.

Seele, joy, happiness, C. 242. A.S. sél, good, excellent. Cf. unsell, T. B. 1961.

Sege, seat, C. 93. Fr. siége.

Sege, siege, B. 1185.

Segg, Segge,

a man, servant, B. 93, 398, 549, 681. A.S. secg, a man, literally a messenger, speaker; from secgan, to say.

Segge, say, B. 621.

Segh, saw, A. 790.

Sekke, sack, C. 382.

Selconth, a marvel, B. 1274. A.S. sel-cúth = seld-cúth, rare, seldom known.

Selden, seldom, A. 380. A.S. seldan.

190b

Sele, happiness, bliss, C. 5. See Seele.

Selepe = slep, slept, C. 186.

Self, very, A. 1046; same, B. 1769.

Selly, a marvel, A. 140; wonderfully, C. 353. A.S. séllíc, síllíc, worthy, wonderful; séllíce, wonderfully.

See T. B. 1544.

Sely, fortunate, blessed, happy, A. 659; B. 490. See Seele.

Sem, seam, B. 555.

Semblaunt, appearance, cheer, A. 211, 1143; B. 131, 640.

Semblé, assembly, B. 126.

Sembled, assembled, C. 177.

Seme, seemly, A. 190; B. 549, 1810. O.Sw. sæma. Dan. sömme, to be fitting, bear one’s self becomingly. O.N. sæmr, seemly.

Seme, to be fitting, become, B. 793.

Semed, A. 760.

Semely, Semly, Semlych,

seemly, beautiful, A. 34, 789; A. 209, 1442. Comp. sem-loker, B. 868.

Sengeley, ever, constantly, A. 8. A.S. singallíce, perpetually.

Ser, Sere,

diverse, various, separate, A. 358; ser kynde, A. 507; sere course, A. 1418; ser wyse, B. 12.

191

Serelych, severally, separately, C. 193.

Sergaunt, a royal servant, a squire, B. 109.

Serges, wax tapers, B. 1489. Lat. cerea.

Seriaunte, sergeant, C. 385. See Sergaunt.

Serkyndeȝ, diverse kinds, B. 336.

Serlypeȝ, diverse, different, separate, A. 994.

Sermoun, discourse, speech, A. 1185.

Sertain, certainly, A. 685.

Seruage, bondage, B. 1257.

Seruaunt, A. 699; B. 631.

Serue, avail, A. 331.

Serue, deserve, A. 553; B. 1115.

Seruyse, B. 1152, 1401.

Sese, cease, A. 523; seseȝ, let cease, B. 391.

Sesoune, season, B. 523.

Sessed, Sesed,

took possession of, A. 417; B. 1313.

Sete, Seete,

sat, A. 161; A. 1171. pl. seten, B. 1763.

Sete, seat, C. 24.

Seþe = seethe, boil, B. 631.

Seue, Seve,

= sewe, sew, a kind of pottage, B. 108, 825.

Sewer, the officer who set and removed the dishes, tasted them, etc., B. 639.

Sewrté, surety, C. 58.

Sexte, sixth, A. 1007.

Seyed, passed, B. 353.

Seysoun, season, A. 39.

Seȝ, saw, A. 158, 531, 698; B. 209.

191b

Side-borde, B. 1398.

Siue, sieve, B. 226.

Skarmoch, fight, skirmish, B. 1186.

Skaþe, harm, danger, sin, B. 151, 598, 1186. See Scaþe.

Skele, dish, B. 1405.

Skelt, scattered, spread, B. 1186, 1206. O.E. skale, to scatter. N.Prov.E. scale, to spread. See Hall, Richard III. f. 15. A.S. scylan, to separate, divide; pret. scel.

Skelt, hasten, run, B. 1554. Sw. skala, to scamper, scour.

Skete, quick, sudden, A. 1186; quickly, B. 195. See T. B. 13672. O.N. skjótt.

Skewe, sky, cloud, B. 1206, 1759. Sw. sky, a cloud. A.S. scúa, a shadow.

Skowte, look, search, B. 483. See T. B. 1089.

Skoymous, B. 598. See Scoymous.

Skwe, sky, B. 483.

Skyfte, devise, order, ordain, A. 569. A.S. scyftan.

Skyfte, shift, change, B. 709. Sw. skifta.

Skyg, scrupulous, careful, B. 21. Sw. skygg, shy. N.Prov.E. sky, to shun.

Skyl, Skyle,

reason, wit, A. 312; by skylle, rightly, reasonably, A. 674; ordinance, A. 709; meaning, B. 1554. See Scylle.

Skylleȝ, doubts, A. 54.

Skylly, device, purpose, B. 529.

192

Skyly, excuse, B. 62.

Skyre = shire = sheer, clear, B. 1776. See Schyre.

Skyrme, screams (?), B. 483.

Or does it here signify to look about, like Prov.E. skime? O.N. Skima, to look about.

Skyualde, ordained, manifested, B. 529. Prof. Child suggests Somerset, scaffle, scramble, scuffle. See Skyfte.

Slade, valley, A. 141.

Slake, absolve (lit. to loosen), A. 942. A.S. sleacian, to slacken.

Slauþe, sloth, B. 178.

Slaȝt, slaughter, A. 801.

Slaȝte, stroke, A. 59; C. 192. A.S. slagan, to strike, beat, kill.

Sleke, assuage, lessen, B. 708. See Slake.

Slente = slant, a slope, declivity, A. 141. Sw. slinta, to slip.

Slep, slept, C. 466.

Sloberande, slobbering, drivelling, C. 186. Slobber is evidently formed from slob, slab, in the same way as blubber is formed from blob, blab, a drop. Cf. “Slobur or blobur, of fysshe and other like Burbulum.” (Prompt. Parv.) O.E. slab. Prov.E. slob, thick, slimy. Ir. slaib, mud, ooze. O.N. sluppra. Dan. slubbre, to sip, sup. Du. slubberen, to hang loose and slack.

Slode, slid, A. 59.

Sloghe, slow, C. 466.

Sloue, slew, B. 1264.

192b

Sloumbe, slumber, C. 186, 466. N.Prov.E. sloomy, dronish, slow; sloum, sloom, slumber. O.E. slome, sleme, to sleep. A.S. sluma, a slumber. O.N. slæmi. Cf. the modern phrase, “to slumber and sleep.”

Slow, slew, B. 1221.

Sluchched, muddy, dirty, C. 341. Prov.E. slutch, mud; slotch, a sloven; slotching, slovenly.

Slyde, fall, C. 466.

Slyke, slide, slip. O.N. slikja, to make smooth. See Atslyke.

Slyp, stroke, blow, B. 1264.

Slyppe, go, glide, make off, slip away, A. 985; fall, B. 186. A.S. slipan.

Slyppe, escape, B. 1785. Sw. slippa, to escape.

Slyȝt, slight, A. 190.

Slyȝt, wisdom, A. 1289; device, B. 130. O.E. sleghe, sleȝe, wise. O.N. slægr.

Smach, scent, smell, B. 461, 1019. A.S. smæc. Prov.E. smatch, flavour.

Smachande, smelling, savouring, B. 955.

Smartly, quickly, B. 711.

Smod, stain, filth, B. 711. Sc. smot, smad. O.Sw. smuts, spot, stain. Dan. smuds, dirty. Pl. D. smuddern, to dirty.

193

Smolderande, smouldering, smothering, B. 955.

Smolt, be at peace, quiet, B. 732. A.S. smolt, serene, clear. Prov.E. molt-water, clear exudation; smolt, smooth, clear. See Smelt, T. B. 1669.

Smoltes; so in MS., but ? an error for smolte = smelt, B. 461.

Smoþe, smooth, A. 6.

Smoþely, quietly, B. 732.

Smylt, decayed (?), B. 226. Sw. multna, to moulder. Dan. smuldre, to crumble, moulder.

Snaw, snow, B. 222.

Soberly, quietly, A. 256; courteously, decently, B. 117, 799, 1497. See T. B. 248.

Sobre, gentle, A. 532.

Sodanly, suddenly, A. 1098; B. 1769.

Soerly, an error for Soberly, B. 117.

Soffer, suffer, A. 940.

Soffraunce, forbearance, C. 417.

Soghe, sow, C. 67.

Soghe, moan, C. 391. A.S. swógan, swégan, to make a noise, howl. O.S. suôgan.

Sok, sb. suck, C. 391.

Sokored, succoured, C. 261.

Solace, A. 130; B. 870, 1080.

Solased, B. 131.

Solemne, Solempne,

A. 1171, 1447; B. 239.

Solempnely, B. 37.

Solemneté, Solempneté,

B. 1313, 1678, 1757.

193b

Solie, Soly,

throne, B. 1171, 1678. A.S. sylla, a chair; salo, a hall, palace.

Somere, B. 1686.

Sommoun, Somone,

vb. A. 1498; sb. summons, B. 1098.

Sonde, sand, C. 341.

Sonde = sande, message, word, A. 943; messenger, B. 53, 781. A.S. sánd.

Sondeȝ-mon, messenger, B. 469.

Sone, soon, B. 461.

Sonet, Sonete,

B. 1415, 1516.

Songen, pl. sang, B. 1763.

Sope, sup, B. 108.

Soper, supper, B. 107, 829, 997, 1763.

Sor, Sore,

sorrow, A. 130; A. 242, 507; adv. sorely, C. 550; B. 290.

Sorewe, sorrow, B. 778.

Sorquydryȝe = surquedrie, presumption, arrogance, conceit, A. 309.

Sorsers, sorcerers, B. 1579.

Sorsory, sorcery, B. 1576.

Sorte, lot, C. 193.

Sorȝ, Sorȝe,

sorrow, A. 352; B. 75, 563, 1080.

Soth, Soþe,

true, truth, A. 482, 653; A. 515; soþes, truths, B. 1598. A.S. sóth.

Soþefast, faithful, B. 1491.

Sothfol, truthful, A. 498.

Soþly, Soþely,

truly, B. 299, 654, 657.

Sotte, fool, sot, A. 581; B. 501. A.S. sot. See T. B. 1961.

Sotyle, subtle, A. 1050.

Soufre, sulphur, B. 954.

194

Soumme, company, C. 509.

Soun, sound, word, A. 532; C. 429; to sound, B. 973, 1670.

Sounande, sounding, A. 883.

Souped, supped, B. 833.

Sour, bad, vile, B. 192. Cf. “Soory or defowlyd yn sowr or filth. Cenosus.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Souȝed, sobbed, sighed, C. 140. See T. B. 342. Prov.E. sugh, sow, suff, to murmur. O.Sc. swouch, a noise, sound. A.S. swoeg, a noise; swógan, to sound, howl. Du. zwoegen, to pant, puff.

Souerayn, B. 93, 552.

Soyle, soil, earth, A. 1039, 1387; B. 443.

Soȝt, sought, A. 518, 730; soȝt to, reached, A. 510, 563; made for, C. 249; endeavoured, B. 1286.

Spak, quickly, A. 104; spakest, boldest, C. 169.

Spakk, spake, A. 938.

Spakly, certainly, surely, quickly, A. 755; B. 338.

Spare, spar, C. 104, 338. Sw. sparre. O.H.G. sparro.

Sparred, spurred, rushed, A. 1169.

Spec, speck, B. 551.

Special, Specyal,

A. 235, 938; B. 1492.

Sped, help, B. 1607.

Spede, prosper, A. 511; hasten, B. 551.

Spedly, quickly, B. 1729.

Sped-whyle, a short space of time, a moment, B. 1285.

Speke, spoke, B. 1220.

194b

Spelle, tell, relate, A. 793.

Spelle, speech, A. 363. A.S. spell.

Spenned, folded, A. 49. O.N. spenna. A.S. spannan.

Spenned, allured, enticed away, A. 53. A.S. spanan. N.Prov.E. span, to wean from.

Spiritually, B. 1492.

Spitous, fell, abominable, B. 845.

Spitously, fiercely, angrily, B. 1220.

Sponne = spun, grew, A. 35.

Spornande, rushing, dashing, A. 363. O.E. sporn, spurn, to dash. A.S. spurnan.

Spot, blemish, A. 12, 764.

Spote, place, spot, A. 13; B. 551.

Spotleȝ, spotless, pure, A. 856.

Spotty, to defile, A. 1070.

Spoyle, B. 1285, 1774.

Sprad, Spradde,

spread (pret. of sprede), A. 1607; B. 365.

Sprange, sprung, A. 13.

Sprawlyng, B. 408.

Sprete = sprit (as in bow-sprit), C. 104. A.S. sprit.

Sprude = spread, fasten, C. 104.

Spryngande, springing, A. 35.

Spuniande = spinnande, sticky, cleaving, B. 1038. Pynnand occurs in this sense in the Northern Romance of Alexander, p. 142.

195

Spure = spere, ask, inquire of, B. 1606. Sc. speer. A.S. spirian. See T. B. 823.

Sputen = spouted, uttered, B. 845.

Sput = spat, vomited, C. 338.

Spyce, Spyse,

A. 235, 938; pl. spyseȝ, A. 25, 35.

Spye, B. 780, 1774.

Spylt, destroyed, B. 1220.

Spyrakle, breath, spirit, B. 408.

Spysereȝ, spice-mongers, B. 1038.

Spyt, cruelty, A. 1138; vengeance, B. 755.

Spytously, B. 1285. See Spitously.

Stable, adj. A. 597; vb. B. 1334, 1652.

Stac (pret. of steke), closed, fastened, B. 439. See Steke.

Stad, Stadde,

placed, fixed (pret. of stede), B. 806, 983, 1506.

Stage, state, A. 410.

Stal, seat, B. 1506. A.S. stal, steal.

Stale, step, degree, place, A. 1002.

Stalke, A. 152.

Stalle, place, fix, B. 1334. A.S. stælan.

Stalle, vb. bring, place, A. 188; B. 1184.

Stalworth, strong, A. 884; great, B. 983.

Stalworþest, bravest, B. 255.

Stamyn, threshold, B. 486.

Stanc, pool, B. 1018. N.Prov.E. stank. Gael. stang, a pool.

Standen (p.p.), stood, A. 519, 1148.

195b

Stange, pool, B. 439. See Stanc.

Stape-fole, high, C. 122.

Stare, vb. A. 149; B. 389.

Stare, star, B. 583.

Stared, shone, B. 1506.

Staren (3rd pers. pl. pres.), shine, A. 116. “Staring stone,” T. B. 3037. Cf. “Staryng, or schynyng as gaye thyngys. Rutilans.” “Staryñ or schynyñ and glyderyñ, niteo.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Start, A. 1159.

Statue, B. 995.

Staue, Staw,

= stow, place, B. 352, 360, 480.

Stayre, shine, B. 1396. See Staren.

Stayre, ladder, C. 513.

Stayre, steep, high, A. 1022. A.S. stígan, to ascend; stæger, a stair. O.E. staire, to ascend.

Steke, fasten, shut up, close, B. 157, 352, 754, 884. N.Prov.E. steek. A.S. stician, to stick in. O.N. steckr, a fold.

196

Stel, stole, B. 1203.

Stele, approach stealthily, B. 1778. A.S. stélan.

Stele, a step (of a ladder), C. 513. See Stale.

Stemme = stem, to stop, delay, B. 905. The same root occurs in stammer, stumble, etc. Sw. stämma, to dam.

Stepe, step, B. 905.

Stepe, Steppe,

bright, B. 583, 1396. S.Sax. steap, bright, brilliant. “Stepe ene.” T. B. 3101. Cf. “eyen stepe.” Chaucer. C. T. Prologue, l. 201.

Stere, direct, A. 623; rule, C. 27.

Sterne, star, A. 115; C. 207. O.N. stjarna.

Sterne (of a boat), C. 149.

Sterre, star, B. 1378.

Stewarde, B. 90.

Steuen, voice, A. 188; sound, A. 1125; A. 1203, 1402; noise, A. 1778; command, B. 360, 463. A.S. stefen.

Stiffe, B. 983.

Stifly, firmly, B. 157.

Stik, fix, fasten, B. 157. See Steke.

Stille, dumb, B. 1523.

Stoffe, fill, B. 1184. See T. B. 2748.

Stoken, fastened, enclosed, shut (p.p. of steke), A. 1065; B. 360, 1199, 1524.

196b

Stokke, Stoke,

stocks, B. 46, 157.

Stonde, stand, B. 1490.

Stonde, blow, B. 1540. A.S. stunian, to beat, strike. O.E. stund, to strike.

Stonen, adj. of stone, B. 995.

Ston-harde, fast, B. 884.

Store, a great (number), A. 847.

Stote, stand, stop still, A. 149. Dan. stötte, stay, support. S.Sax. stuten, to stop. Sc. stoit, stumble. “Stotyng, Titubatus.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Stound, Stounde, a space of time, moment, A. 659; A. 1716; in stoundes, at times, B. 1603. A.S. stund.

Stounde, blow, and hence sorrow, A. 20. See Stonde.

Stour, conflict; bale-stour, death pang, C. 426. Cf. dede-stoure, death conflict. Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience, 1820, 5812. O.N. styr. 197

Stout, firm, stable, A. 779, 935; brave, B. 1184.

Stowed, placed, B. 113.

Stowned, troubled, astonished, C. 73. A.S. stunian.

Strake, struck up, sounded, B. 1402.

Strate, street, A. 1043.

Straunge, strange, B. 409.

Stray, A. 1173; B. 1199. See T. B. 6258.

Strayne, strain, A. 128; labour, A. 691; pain, A. 1540; trouble, B. 234.

Strayt, B. 880, 1199.

Strech, Streche,

stretch, A. 843, 971; B. 905.

Stremande, shining, A. 115. See extract under the word Staren.

Strenkle, scatter, B. 307.

Strenþe, strength, B. 1155, 1430.

Streny, strain, toil, labour, A. 551.

Streȝt, strait, A. 691; C. 234. Cf. streght, T. B. 351.

Stronde = strand, stream, river, A. 152; C. 254, 311.

197b

Strot = strut, contest, chiding, A. 353, 848.

Stroþe, bold, fierce (?), A. 115.

Strye, destroy, A. 307, 1768; stryed, B. 1018.

Stryf, A. 248.

Stryke, pass, go, A. 1125. A.S. strican.

Strynde = strond, stream, C. 311.

Stryuande, striving, C. 311.

Stud = stede, place, B. 389, 1334.

Sturnen, strong, B. 1402.

Styf, Styffe,

strong, A. 779; C. 234; styfest, strongest, B. 255.

Styfly, fast, firmly, B. 352, 1652.

Styke = stryke, walk, go (?), A. 1186.

Stykked, fixed, placed, B. 583. See Steke.

Stylle, secret, A. 20; A. 589, 706; quiet, A. 1203; quietly, B. 486. See T. B. 1778.

Stylle, secretly, B. 806, 1778.

Styngande, stinging, B. 225.

Stynkande, stinking, B. 1018.

Stynst, a mistake for stynt, stop, A. 353.

Stynt, stop, A. 225, 381, 1261; stopped, B. 73. A.S. stintan.

Styry, stir, move, B. 403, 1720.

Stysteȝ = stynteȝ, stops, B. 359.

Styȝe, path, C. 402. A.S. stíg.

Styȝe, ascend, climb, B. 389. A.S. stígan, to ascend.

198

Styȝtle, place, order, fix, A. 90; B. 402. A.S. stihtan, to arrange, dispose. See T. B. 1997.

Sued, followed, B. 681.

Suffer, Suffre,

A. 554.

Suffraunce, endurance, patience, A. 3, 529.

Suffyse, A. 135.

Sulp,
Sulpe,

defile, pollute, B. 15, 550, 1130, 1135. O.E. sulwe, to defile, soil. M.H.D. be-sulwen. O.N. söla, to pollute. Prov. Ger. sulpern, unclean, to defile. The word sulp (solp) occurs in the Romance of K. Alexander, ed. Stevenson, but the editor renders it “to swallow”!

Sulpande, defiling, A. 726.

Sumkyn, of some kind, A. 619.

Sumoun, to summon, A. 539.

Sum quat, some sort of, B. 627.

Sum-while, formerly, C. 57.

Sunderlupes, severally, C. 12.

Suppe, A. 108; B. 151.

Supplantor, A. 440.

Sure, A. 1089.

Sum, one, “al & sum,” one and all, A. 584.

Surely, A. 1643; B. 315.

Sustnaunce, B. 340.

Sute (?) A. 203, 1108.

198b

Sve = sue, follow, go after, A. 976.

Swalt, died, A. 816, 1160. See T. B. 1200, 4687. See Swelt.

Swaneȝ, swans, B. 58.

Swange (pret. of swenge or swinge), toiled, worked, A. 586. A.S. swingan, to dash, to labour.

Swange, flowed, A. 1059.

Swangeande, flowing, rushing, A. 111. See T. B. 13024.

Swap, blow, B. 222. A.S. swipian. O.N. svipa, to shake. O.E. swepe, swappe, to beat. See T. B. 1889.

Sware, square, A. 837; B. 1386.

Sware, answer, A. 240; B. 1415. O.N. svara. See T. B. 1200.

Swarme, B. 223.

Swart, black, C. 363.

Swat, Swatte,

sweated (pret. of swete), A. 586, 829.

Swayf, blow, literally, a sudden movement. See Swayue.

Swayne, swain, servant, B. 1509.

Swayue, swims. T. B. 2358. Dan. swæve, to wave, move, flutter.

Swe, follow, A. 892; ran, B. 956.

Sweande, flowing, B. 420.

Sweft, swift, C. 108.

199

Swelme, heat, A. 3. A.S. swell, a burning; swélan, to burn, sweal.

Swelt, die, perish, A. 108; C. 427; destroy, B. 332. A.S. sweltan. O.N. svelta.

Swemande (pres. part. of sweme), afflicting, B. 563. A.S. swima, a stupor. S.Sax. sweamen, to grieve, vex.

Sweng, sb. toil, labour, A. 575. A.S. sweng, a stroke, blow. See Swange. See T. B. 1271.

Swenge, hasten, rush, dash out, A. 109, 667; B. 108, 250, 253.

A.S. swingan, to swing, dash.

Swepe, glide, A. 111; hasten, B. 1509. See T. B. 342. O.E. swippe, to pass quickly. O.N. svip, a rapid movement; svipa, to whip, do quickly, turn.

Swepe, to seize, C. 341. A.S. swipian, to take by violence.

Swer, swore, B. 69, 667.

Swete, life; to lose the swete = to die, C. 364. Swete may here signify sweet, the word life being understood. 199b

Swetter, sweeter, C. 236.

Sweuen, dream, A. 62. A.S. swefen.

Swey, go, walk, A. 788; came, B. 429. See T. B. 2512. O.N. sweigia. Dan. sveje, to bend. N.Prov.E. swey, to swing; sweigh, to press. See Sve.

Sweyed, swayed, C. 151.

Sweȝe, go, A. 72; drove, C. 236.

Swolȝe, swallow, C. 250, 363; kill, B. 1268.

Swone, swoon, A. 1180. A.S. aswunan.

Swowed, swooned, C. 442. S.Sax. swowen, to swoon.

Swyed = sweyed, followed, B. 87.

Swyere, squire, B. 87,

Swypped, escaped, B. 1253. See Swepe.

Swyre, neck, B. 1744. A.S. sweora.

Swyþe, firm, strong, A. 354; A. 236; great, A. 1283; very, A. 816; many, A. 1299; quickly, A. 1059; C. 354; greatly, B. 987. A.S. swíth, strong, great; swíthe, very, greatly.

Swyþe, burn, scorch, C. 478 (pret. 200 swath). N.Prov.E. swither, to singe; swidden, to scorch. O.N. svítha.

Syence, B. 1454, 1599.

Syfle, blow, C. 470. Syfle sometimes signifies to whistle. It may he connected with the Prov.E. suffe, to pant, blow. A.S. siofian, mourn, lament.

Sykande, sighing, B. 715. A.S. sycan, to sigh.

Syked, sighed, C. 382.

Sykerly, surely, C. 301. O.Fris. sikur. Ger. sicher, sure.

Syle, to glide, go, proceed, B. 131. See T. B. 364, 1307. Prov.E. sile, to go. O.N. síla.

See T. B. 364.

Sylueren, silver, B. 1406.

Symbale, B. 1415.

Symple, A. 1134; B. 746.

Sympelnesse, A. 909.

Syn, since, C. 218.

Syngne, sign, B. 489, 1710.

Synglerty, singularity, singleness, A. 429.

Synglure, uniqueness, A. 8.

Syngnetteȝ, signets, A. 838.

Synne, after, B. 229.

Syre, lord, B. 1260.

Syt, Syte,

sorrow, sin, A. 566, 1257; B. 5, 517. O.N. sút.

Syþe, time, A. 1079; B. 1169, 1417, 1686. A.S. sith.

Syþen, afterwards, A. 13, 643, 1207; A. 998; since, B. 245.

Sytole, citole, guitar, A. 91.

Syȝ, Syȝe,

saw, A. 308, 788, 985; B. 985.

Syȝt, Syȝte,

sight, A. 226; B. 552, 1710.

T

Ta, take, arrest, C. 78. “Ta me,” take, arrest me. Tatȝ, take, B. 735. (Cf. O.E. ma = make.)

Tabarde, coat. It sometimes signifies a short coat or mantle, B. 41. Fr. tabar. Ital. tabaro.

Tabelment, A. 994.

Taborne, tabour, B. 1414.

Tached, fixed, fastened, A. 464.

Takel, C. 233.

Tale, tale, message, B. 1437.

Talent, will, pleasure, C. 416. See T. B. 464.

Talle = tuly (?), B. 48.

Tan, taken, B. 763.

Tatȝ, take, B. 735. See Ta.

Tayt, agreeable, lively, B. 871. O.N. teitr.

201

Tayt, fear, B. 889.

Teche, teach, B. 160.

Teche, mark, sign, B. 1049.

Teche, fault, A. 1230; device, B. 943. Fr. tache.

Tede, an error for tene = ten (?), B. 1634.

Tee, go, A. 9, 1262; B. 87.

A.S. teon. Cf. teght, T. B. 1786.

Telde, tent, B. 866. A.S. teld.

Telded, raised, B. 1342. See T. B. 6075.

Telle, raise, excite, B. 1808. Du. tillen, to lift up.

Teme, approach, A. 460; A. 9; B. 316. See T. B. 3306. It seems to be connected with the A.S. geteman, to bear witness; teama, to cite, summon. In Laȝamon teman signifies to go, proceed, approach, vol. i. p. 53, l. 1245.

Teme, team, C. 37.

Teme, theme, C. 358.

Tempest, C. 231.

Temple, A. 1062.

Tempre, moderate, B. 775.

Temptande, tempting, B. 283.

Tender, A. 412; B. 630.

Tene, sb. anger, sorrow, A. 332; 201b B. 283, 687, 1137; A. 90; adj. angry, C. 1808; vb. punish, B. 759. A.S. teonan, tynan, to anger; teona, wrong, mischief.

Tenfully, sorrowfully, bitterly, B. 160.

Tenor, C. 358.

Tenoun, A. 993.

Tent, Tente,

attend, care for, A. 676, 935; C. 59, 498; heed, B. 387.

Terme, term, A. 1053; B. 1393.

Terne, lake, B. 1041. N.Prov.E. tarn. O.N. tjörn.

Teuel (or tenel ?), enclose, or ? undermine, B. 1189.

Þacce, blow, C. 325. A.S. thaccian, to stroke.

Þayreȝ, theirs, B. 1527.

Þaȝ, though, A. 134.

Þede, country, A. 711. A.S. theód.

Þede, vessel, B. 1717. Prov.E. thead, a strainer used in brewing. “Thede, bruares instrument, qualus.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Þeder, thither, B. 461.

Þef, thief, A. 273.

Theme, A. 944; C. 358.

Þen, Þenne,

than, A. 134.

Þenkande, thinking, C. 294.

Þerue, unleavened, B. 635. Prov.E. 202 therf, tharf, thar. A.S. theorf, therf.

Þester, darkness, B. 1775. A.S. theostru. See T. B. 2362.

Þewe, virtue, A. 1436; C. 30; ordinances, B. 544, 755.

Þewed, virtuous, B. 733.

Þewes, thieves, B. 1142.

Þikker, oftener, C. 6.

Þirled, pierced, B. 952.

Þo, the (pl.), A. 635; those, B. 557.

Þole, suffer, A. 344; A. 190; B. 6. A.S. thólian, to suffer, endure.

Þonc, sb. thank, A. 901.

Þonkke, vb. thank, B. 745.

Þore, there, A. 562.

Þorpe, city, B. 1178. O.N. thorp.

Þorȝ, through. See Þurȝ.

Þoȝ, though, A. 345.

Þoȝt, seemed, A. 153; B. 562.

Þoȝt, imagination, B. 516.

Þrad, reproached, tormented, B. 751. A.S. threagan (pret. threáde, p.p. thread), to blame, vex, torment.

Þrange, pierce, A. 17. See Þrenge.

Þrast, stroke, thrust, B. 952.

Þrat, vexation, torment, C. 55. A.S. threat, threat; threatian, to vex, distress.

Þratten (3d pers. pl. pret.) threatened, B. 937.

Þrawe, to reach, B. 590.

Þrawen, close, thick, B. 1775.

Þrenge, press, crowd after, follow, A. 930; pass, B. 354. A.S. thringan, to press, crowd, throng. O.N. threnga.

Þrep, contradiction, B. 350. 202b N.Prov.E. threap, threpe, to dispute. A.S. threapian, to reprove, chide.

Þrepyng, sb. strife, B. 183. A.S. threapung.

Þret, Þrete,

threaten, A. 561; B. 680, 1728.

Þretty, thirty, B. 751.

Þreuenest, wisest, noblest, B. 1571.

Þro, anger, A. 754; C. 6; angry, B. 344. N.Prov.E. thro, keen, eager. O.N. thrá.

Cf. “his throo hert,” T. B. 147. “A throo (bold) knight.” Ib. 1482.

Þro, good, A. 868.

Þro, sharply, quickly, B. 220. A.S. threá.

Þro, thoroughly, B. 1805.

Þroble, press, B. 879.

Þroly, fiercely, quickly, B. 180, 514.

Þrong, Þronge,

sb. crowd, B. 135, 504, 754.

Þrongen (3d pers. pl. pret. of thringe), crowded, pressed, B. 1775.

Þrublande, pressing, B. 504. See Þroble.

Þrwen, Þrowen,

thrown, B. 220, 504.

Þrych, through, A. 17. O.Sc. throuch.

203

Þryd, Þryde, Þrydde,

third, A. 833; B. 249, 300, 1639.

Þryeȝ, thrice, B. 429.

Þrynge, press, A. 180; follow, B. 1639. See Þrenge.

Þrynne, three, B. 606, 1727.

Þryuande, good, pure, B. 751. See T. B. 1482.

Þryue, prosper, thrive, A. 249; B. 521.

Þryuen, prudent, wise, A. 868, 1192; grown up, adult, A. 298; þryuenest, wisest, noblest, B. 1639.

Þryȝt, thrust, pressed, thronged, A. 670, 706, 926; B. 135; Cf. thriccing of hondys. T. B. 1522. A.S. thryccan (pret. thrycte), to thrust, press, tread on.

Þurȝ, through, A. 670.

Þykke, closely, B. 504.

Þyȝe, thigh, B. 1687.

To, toe, C. 229.

To-cleues, separate, B. 1806.

To-corue (3d pers. pl. pret.), slit, ript up, B. 1250.

Token, betoken, B. 1557.

To-kerue, divide, B. 1700.

Tole, Tool,

tool, B. 1108, 1342.

Tolk, Tolkke, Tulkke,

man, B. 687, 757. Tolk, like segge, signified originally a speaker, an interpreter. O.N. túlka, to explain, interpret; túlkr, an interpreter, a mediator. See T. B. 63.

Tom, (1) leisure, A. 134; opportunity, A. 1153; interval, B. 135; 203b (2) time, A. 585. O.Sw. and O.N. tóm. “Toom oportunitas.” (Prompt. Parv.)

In T. B. 1088, we have tomly.

To-marred, spoilt, B. 1114.

To-murte, crushed to pieces, C. 150. See murte, T. B. 6128.

Tonne (or toune?), conceive, B. 655.

Top, head, C. 229.

Topace, topaz, B. 1469.

Tor, tower, A. 966.

Tor, hard, A. 1109. O.N. tor. Sans. dus, hard, difficult. Cf. O.E. torfer, hardship, T. B. 81.

To-rente, To-rent,

rent asunder, A. 1136; A. 368; B. 96.

To-riuen, torn away, A. 1197.

Tormenttour, B. 154.

To-rof (pret. of to-riue), burst, A. 964; B. 379.

Torreȝ, towers, A. 875,

Toter, totter, C. 233.

Toteȝ = totȝ, toes; Cf. gotȝ = goes, etc., B. 41.

To-torne, torn, B. 41.

Totȝ, goes, A. 513. Sw. tota.

Tour, tower, B. 216.

Tourneȝ = turns, devices, B. 192.

Tow, two, B. 866.

To-walten, overflowed (3d pers. pl.), B. 428.

204

Towche, to relate, deliver a message, speak, A. 898; B. 1437. 

Towche, sb. touch, C. 252.

Towe, C. 100.

Towen, drawn, A. 251.

Toȝe, tough, B. 630.

Toȝt, firm, binding, A. 522.

Tra, high (?), B. 211, or (?) tor, great, difficult of access.

Tramme, tackle, gear? C. 101. In the northern Romance of Alexander, p. 5, tramme signifies an instrument (optical).

Tras = trace, path, course, A. 1113. “Trace, a streyght way, trace.” (Palsg.)

Trasches = trauses or trossers, drawers or trousers? B. 40.

Trauayle, sb. labour, A. 505; vb. A. 550; C. 498.

Trave = trawe, believe, B. 587.

Trauerce = traverse, B. 1473.

Traw, Trawe,

= trow, believe, suppose, A. 282, 295; B. 655, 1335, 1686. See T. B. 298.

Trawande, believing, B. 662.

Trawþe, Trauþe,

truth, A. 495; B. 63, 667; belief, 1490, 1703.

204b

Trayled, B. 1473.

Traysoun, treason, B. 187.

Trayþly, Trayþely,

certainly, surely? B. 907, 1137. If trayþly be derived from trauth, truth, the meaning here assigned to it may be correct; but the sense of fiercely, fearfully, would suit the context better.

Traytoure, A. 1041; B. 77.

Tre, wood, B. 1342.

Trendel, roll, A. 41.

Tres, yards (of a ship), C. 101.

Tresor, Tresore,

treasure, A. 237, 331, B. 866.

Tresorye, treasury, B. 1317.

Trespas, B. 48.

Trespast, B. 1230.

Trestes, trestles, B. 832.

Trichcherye, treachery, B. 187.

Troched, ornamented? An architectural term of uncertain meaning, B. 1383.

Tron, Trone,

went (pret. of tryne), A. 1113; A. 132; B. 101. See Trynande.

Trone, throne, A. 1055.

Trot, sb. pace, step, B. 976.

Trow, believe, B. 1049.

Trumpen, trumpets, B. 1402.

Trussed, deposited, B. 1317. See T. B. 1819.

Trwe, true, A. 460.

Tryed, select, trusty, B. 1317. O.E. trie, choice. See T. B. 695.

Tryfled = trayfoled, ornamented with knots, B. 1473. Fr. treffilier, a chain maker.

Trynande, going, walking, B. 976. Dan. trine, to go. 205

Tryste, trusty, A. 460; vb. to trust, C. 324.

Trysty, trusty, B. 763.

Tryȝe, to trust in, rely upon, A. 311. N.Prov.E. trigg, firm, faithful. Sw. trygg, safe, sure.

Tuch, cloth, B. 48. Ger. tuch. Cf. Eng. tuck and tucker.

Tulkke, man, soldier, B. 1189, 1262. See Tolk.

Tulket = tulked, sounded, B. 1414. The original meaning of tulk is to speak, explain (O.N. túlka), hence to utter, sound.

Tult, threw, pitched. A. 1213; B. 252. See Tilt, in T. B. 914, 3704. A.S. tealtian, to tilt, shake.

Tuyred, destroyed, B. 1234.

Twayned, separated, A. 251.

Tweyne, two, B. 674, 1749.

Twynande, entwining, B. 1691. Sw. twinna, to twine.

Twynne, two, A. 251; B. 1047.

Twynne, separate, B. 402.

205b

Tyd, quickly, A. 64, 1213; B. 100, 229. A.S. tíd, tídlíce. Sw. tida, frequently.

Tyde, time, B. 1393.

Tykel, uncertain, B. 655.

Tylle, to, B. 1064.

Tymbre, B. 1414. “Tymbyr a lytyl taboure, timpanellum.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Tylte, overturn, A. 832; tumble, B. 361.

Tynde, branch, A. 78. A.S. tine. O.E. tind, a tine, tooth, prong, fork.

Tyne, lose, A. 332; destroy, B. 775, 907. O.N. tyna.

Tynt, lost, B. 216. See T. B. 1208.

Type, overturn, C. 506.

Typped, extreme, C. 77.

Tyraunte, B. 943.

Tyrauntyré, tyranny, B. 187.

Tyrne, flay, B. 630. Du. tornen, to rend, rip up.

Tyt, quickly, A. 728. N.Prov.E. tite, soon. Cf. tytly, T. B. 1094. See Tyd.

Tyþe, tenth, B. 216.

Tyþynge, tiding, A. 458, 498; B. 78.

Tytter, sooner, C. 231. N.Prov.E. titter. See Tyt.

Tyxt, text, A. 1634; B. 37.

Tyȝed, tied, A. 464; B. 702.

206

Tyȝt, Tyȝte,

described, A. 1053; give, A. 1153; endeavour, A. 1108; near, B. 503. See T. B. 1358. A.S. tihtan, to draw.

U

U = o = of, A. 792.

UV

Vch, Vche, Vcha,

= ilk, ilka, each, every. A. 33, 117.

Vchon, each one, A. 546.

Vglokest (superl. of vgly), most horrid, dreadful, B. 892. See vgsome, horrible, T. B. 877.

Vmbe, about, A. 879, 1384; B. 309. A.S. ymbe.

Vmbe-brayde, accost, B. 1622. See Brayde.

Vmbe-grouen, overgrown, B. 488.

Vmbe-kest, look about, B. 478.

Vmbe-lyȝe, compass, surround, B. 836.

Vmbe-pyȝte, surrounded, A. 1052.

Vmbre, rain, B. 524. Cf. ymur, in T. B. 897. Lat. imber.

Vmbe-schon, shone about, C. 455.

Vmbe-stounde, Vmbe-stoundes,

at times, sometimes, C. 7, 122.

Vmbe-sweyed, encircled, B. 1380.

Vmbe-walt, surrounded, B. 1181.

Vnavysed, unadvised, thoughtless, A. 292.

Vnblemyst, unblemished, A. 782.

Vn-brosten, unburst, B. 365.

Vnblyþe, dismal, B. 1017.

Vncheryst, uncherished, uncared for, B. 1125.

Vnclannesse, uncleanness. B. 30, 1800, 1806.

206b

Vnclene, B. 550, 1713.

Vncler, indistinct, C. 307.

Vnclose, disclose, B. 26, 1438.

Vncortoyse, uncourteous, A. 303.

Vncouþe, Vncowþe,

unknown, B. 414, 1600, 1722.

Vnder, the third hour of the day, A. 513. A.S. undern. Goth. undaurns.

Vnder-nomen, understood, perceived, C. 213.

Vnder-stonde, understand, A. 941; C. 122.

Vnder-ȝede = under-ȝete, understood, B. 796. A.S. undergitan, to perceive.

Vndyd, destroyed, B. 562.

Vnfayre, bad, B. 1801.

Vnfolde, B. 1563.

Vnfre, unfortunate, B. 1129.

Vngarnyst, unadorned, B. 137.

Vnglad, sorry, C. 63.

Vngoderly, bad, wicked, B. 145, 1092.

Vnhap, misfortune, A. 143, 1150; misery, B. 892. See T. B. 1402.

Vnhappen, unfortunate; and hence bad, B. 573.

Vnhaspe, disclose, B. 688.

Vnhole, badly, B. 1681.

Vnhonest, vile, B. 579.

Vnhuled, uncovered, B. 451. See Hile.

Vnhyde, disclose, A. 973.

Vnhyle, disclose, B. 1628. See Hile.

Vnknawen, unknown, B. 1679.

Vnkyndely, wickedly, B. 208.

Vnmard, undefiled, B. 867.

Vnmete, unmeet, unfit, A. 759.

Vnneuened, unnamed, B. 727. See Neuen.

207

Vnnynges, signs, C. 213. A.S. unnan, to give, grant, permit.

Vnpynne, to unpin, unfasten, A. 728.

Vnresounable, unreasonable, A. 590.

Vnryȝt, wrong, B. 1142.

Vnsmyten, B. 732.

Vnsounde, wicked, evil, bad, A. 575; C. 527; misfortune, wretched state, B. 58. See T. B. 495.

Vnsoundely, badly, B. 201. See T. B. 1826.

Vnstered, unmoved, B. 706.

Vnstrayned, untroubled, A. 248.

Vnswolȝed, unhurt, B. 1253. See Swolȝe.

Vnþank, Vnþonk,

wrath, displeasure, A. 183; B. 55.

Vnþewe, fault, vice, B. 190. See Thewe.

Vnþryfte, folly, wickedness, B. 516, 1728.

Vnþryftyly, unwisely, badly, B. 267.

Vnþryuandly = unthrivingly, badly, B. 135. See T. B. 4893.

Vntrwe, untrue, A. 897; A. 456; unfaithful, B. 1160.

Vntwynne, separate; and hence, destroy, B. 757.

Vnwar, foolish, C. 115.

Vnwaschen, unwashed, B. 34.

Vnwelcum, B. 49.

Vnworþelych, unworthy, B. 305.

Vnwytté, unwise, foolish, simple, C. 511.

Vpbrayde, literally to raise; and hence to utter loudly, rebuke, C. 430. See Brayde. In the sense of to utter, speak, we find 207b upbrayde used in the following passage.

Vp-caste, spoken, B. 1574.

Vp-folden, up-folded, B. 643.

Vp-lyfte, uplifted, B. 987.

Vpon, open, B. 453.

Vp-rerde, upreared, B. 561.

Vp-ros, uprose, C. 378.

Vpryse, C. 433.

Vp-set, raised, C. 239.

Vp-so-doun, upside down, C. 362.

Vp-wafte, uprose, B. 949.

Vpynyoun, opinion, C. 40.

Vrnementes, ornaments, B. 1284.

Vrþe, earth, A. 442.

Vrþely, earthly, A. 135; B. 35.

Vsage, B. 710.

Vsched, A. 1393, to vsched = ? tousched = towched, approached. See B. 1437.

Vse, B. 11.

Vsle, Vslle,

ashes, cinders, B. 747, 1010. A.S. ysle, ashes. O.N. usli, fire. “Isyl, of fyre. Favilla.” (Prompt. Parv.) Prov.E. isle, easle, embers; eizle, ashes.

Vtter, out, A. 42; without, B. 927.

Vt-wyth, without, outside, A. 969.

Vus, us, B. 842.

Vȝten, the morning, dawn, B. 893. A.S. uhta.

208

Vale, A. 127; B. 673.

Vanyté, A. 1713; B. 331.

Vanyste, vanished, B. 1548.

Vayle, avail, A. 912; B. 1151, 1311.

Vayment, exhibition, show, B. 1358.

Vayn, A. 811; B. 1358.

Vayned, brought, A. 249. See Wayned.

Venge, avenge, A. 199, 559; B. 71.

Vengeaunce, B. 247, 1013.

Venkkyst, Venquyst,

vanquished, B. 544, 1071.

Venym, venom, filth, A. 574; B. 71.

Veray, Verray,

true, A. 1184, 1185; truly, A. 333; very, C. 370.

Verayly, verily, B. 664, 1548.

Vered, veered, raised, A. 254.

Vergyne, virgin, A. 1099.

Vergynté, Vergynyté,

virginity, A. 767; B. 1071.

Vertue, A. 1126.

Vertuous, precious, B. 1280.

Vessayl, vessel, B. 1713.

Vesselment, vessels, B. 1280, 1288.

Vesture, B. 1288.

Veued = weued, passed, A. 976. See Weue.

Vilanye, C. 71.

Vilté, filth, vileness, B. 199. O.Fr. vilté.

Violent, B. 1013.

Voched, prayed, A. 1121. Fr. voucher.

Vouche, resolve, B. 1358.

Vouched, vowed, C. 165.

Vowe, C. 239.

Voyde, do away with; A. 744; destroy, A. 1013; C. 370; depart, B. 1548.

208b

Vus, use, or ? drink, B. 1507. We may, however read, and thus preserve the alliteration, bus = bous = bouse, to drink deeply. Du. buysen.

Vycios, vicious, B. 574.

Vyf, wife, A. 772.

Vygour, 971.

Vyl, vile, evil, B. 744.

Vylanye, crime, sin, B. 544, 574.

Vyle, defile, B. 863.

Vyole, vial, B. 1280.

Vyolence, B. 1071.

Vyrgyn, A. 426.

Vys, Vyse,

face, A. 254. O.Fr. vis.

Vyueȝ, wives, A. 785.

W

Wach, watch, B. 1205.

Wade, A. 143, 1151.

Waft, closed, B. 857. A.S. wefan, wæfan, to cover. O.N. vefa.

Wafte, move, lift up, raise, A. 453 O.N. veifa, to raise, move, swing. Waft, B. 857, in the sense of closed may be of the same origin with wafte. 

Wage, endure, A. 416.

Wage, wave, B. 1484. A.S. wágian.

Wake, watch, A. 85; B. 130. A.S. wæccan. O.N. vaka.

Waken, raise, arouse, awake, A. 1171; A. 323, 437, 891, 933, 948; B. 132; O.N. vakna.

Wakker (comp. of wayke), weaker B. 835.

Wale, Walle,

vb. discern, A. 1000; choose, select, A. 921; B. 511; adj. noble, choice, B.

209 1734. Sc. wale. See T. 386, 4716. Ger. wählen, to choose, select. O.N. val, electio, optio, delectus.

Walkyries, witches, fate-readers, B. 1577. O.N. valkyriur; f. pl. Parcæ. Dan. valkyrier.

Wallande, boiling, bubbling up, A. 365. A.S. weallan, to boil up.

Walle-heued = well-head, spring, B. 364.

Walt, Walte,

rolled, turned, B. 501, 1734. Prov.E. walt, welt. A.S. wealtian, to roll. O.N. vella.

Walter, roll, flow, A. 415, 1027; B. 142. O.Sc. welter, walter. Dan. vælte, to roll. See Walt.

Waltereȝ, an error for watterez = waters? C. 263.

Walterande, swimming, C. 247.

Walteȝ, pours, rushes, flows, B. 364, 1037. See Walte, T. B. 3699, 4632.

209b

Wame, belly. See Wombe.

Wamel, to wamble, C. 300. O.N. vambla. Dan. vamle, to wamble, to create or cause a squeamishness or loathing. “Wamelyn’ in the stomake. Nauseo.” “Wamelynge of the stomake, Nausia.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Wan (pret. of wynne), got, reached, A. 107; B. 140.

Wap, a step, C. 449. O.N. vapp. It is generally explained by a blow, stroke, which was probably its original meaning.

See T. B. 207, 6405.

Wappe, to strike, knock, B. 882.

War, aware, A. 1096; crafty, B. 589. A.S. wær, wary. O.N. var.

War, Ware,

guard, beware, B. 165, 545, 1133. A.S. wárian.

Warded, guarded, C. 258. A.S. weardian, to guard.

Ware, were, A. 151.

Warisch, protect, B. 921.

Warlaȝe, wizard, B. 1560. See Warlow.

Warlok, prison, C. 80.

Warlow, a monster, C. 258. A.S. wér-loga, a liar, a faith-breaker.

Warne, bid, C. 469.

Warnyng, sb. B. 1504.

Warpe, Warpen,

cast, hurl, A. 444; ejaculate, utter, B. 879; 210 B. 152, 213. O.N. varpa. A.S. weorpan, to throw, cast.

Warþe, a water-ford, C. 339. A.S. warth, waroth, the shore.

Wary, curse, B. 513. A.S. wærgian, to curse.

Waryed, accursed, B. 1716.

Wassayl, B. 1508.

Wast, Waste,

destroy, B. 326, 431, 1178. A.S. wéstan.

Wasturne, a wilderness, B. 1674. Wasterne signifies a desert place, from the A.S. wéste, desert, barren, and ærn, a place.

Wate = wot, know, A. 502. A.S. witan (Ic wát, þu wást, he wát).

Water, stream, A. 107, 139; river, B. 1380.

Wauleȝ, shelterless, from the A.S. wáh, a wall (?), C. 262. We should perhaps read wanleȝ = wonleȝ, hopeless, from the A.S. wén. O.N. von. O.E. wone, hope.

Wawe, wave, A. 287; A. 382; B. 142. A.S. wæg.

Wax, increase, B. 521.

Waxlokes, waves (?), B. 1037.

Wayferand, wayfaring, B. 79.

Waykned, weakened, B. 1422. O.N. veikr. A.S. wác, weak; wácan, to become weak.

Wayle, select, choice, B. 1716. See Wale.

210b

Waymot, passionate, C. 492. A.S. weamod.

Wayne, give, B. 1504; gain, recover, 1616, 1701. The original meaning seems to be that of gaining, getting. O.Fr. gaagnier. In some O.E. works wayne is used like our word get.

Wayte, look into, search, A. 99; be careful, A. 292; look about, A. 1423; inquire, B. 1552. See T. B. 876. “Waytyn or aspyyn, observo.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Waȝeȝes, waȝes, waves, B. 404.

See Wawe.

Webbe, cloth, A. 71.

Wedde, A. 772; B. 69.

Wedded wyf, B. 330.

Weddyng, A. 791.

Wed, Wede,

garments, weeds, A. 748, 766; B. 793. A.S. wæd.

Wed, Wede,

become mad, B. 1585. A.S. wédan, to rave, be mad.

Weder, storm, B. 444, 948.

Weder, weather, B. 1760.

Wela-wynnely, very joyfully, B. 831. A.S. welig, rich, bountiful; wyn, pleasure, joy.

Welcom, Welcum,

B. 813.

Welde, govern, rule, wield, A. 195, 835; use, employ, possess, A. 705, 1351; B. 16. A.S. wealdan, rule, exercise, possess.

Welder, ruler, C. 129.

211

Wele, joy (pl. weleȝ), A. 14, 154, 394; A. 651; B. 262. A.S. wela.

Welgest, worthiest, B. 1244. A.S. welig (welga), rich, wealthy.

Welke, walked, A. 101.

Welkyn, welkin, the sky. A.S. welcn, wolcen. O.Sc. walk, a cloud.

Welle-hedeȝ, springs, B. 428.

Welt, revolved, C. 115. See Walter.

Welwed, faded, C. 475. A.S. wealwian.

Wely, joyous, happy, A. 101. A.S. welig.

Wem, Wemme,

spot, blemish, A. 1003. A.S. wem.

Wemleȝ, spotless, without blemish.

Wenche, woman, A. 974, 1250; concubine, B. 1716. A.S. wencle, a maid. S.Sax. wenchell, a child.

Wende = wened, thought, A. 1148; C. 111.

Wene = ween, believe, A. 47; A. 821; B. 244. A.S. wénan.

Wene, doubt, A. 1141.

Weng, avenge, B. 201.

Wenyng, supposition, C. 115.

Wepande, weeping, C. 384.

Weppen, weapon, B. 835.

211b

Wered, guarded, protected, C. 486. A.S. weren. Ger. wehren, defend.

Werkeȝ, labours, B. 136.

Werp (pret. of warp), threw, B. 284.

Werre, war, B. 1178.

Wers, worse, B. 80.

Werte, root, herb, C. 478. A.S. wyrt.

Weryng, wearing, age, B. 1123. “Weryn or wax olde, febyl, veterasco.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Wesch, washed, A. 766.

Westernays, wrongly, A. 307. See Note on this word, p. 106. ? wiþer-ways, wrong-wise.

Wete, wet, A. 761.

Weue, pass, A. 318.

Weued, cut off (?), B. 222.

Wex (pret. of wax), became, A. 538; B. 204.

Weȝe, weigh (anchor), C. 103; carry round, B. 1420, 1508. A.S. wegan, to weigh, carry.

Weȝte, weight, B. 1734.

Wham, whom, A. 131.

Whateȝ = watȝ, was, A. 1041.

What-kyn, what kind of, B. 100.

Whichche = hutch, ark, B. 362. “Hutche or whyche, cista, archa.” (Prompt. Parv.) A.S. hwæcca.

Whyle, moment, B. 1620.

Wite, blame. See Wyte.

With-droȝ, withdrew, A. 658.

With-nay, refuse, deny, A. 916.

Wiȝt = wight, quickly, C. 103. See Wyȝt.

Wlate, to abhor, hate, detest, A. 305; to be disgusted at, B. 1501. A.S. wlættian.

Wlatsum, hateful, abominable, B. 541.

212

Wlonc, Wlonk,

beautiful, A. 122, 1171; A. 606, 793, 933; C. 486; good, B. 903. A.S. wlanc.

Wod, Wode,

mad, enraged, A. 204, 1558; foolish, A. 828; fierce, strong, A. 364; B. 142. A.S. wód.

Wodbynde, woodbine, C. 446.

Wodder (comp. of wode), fiercer, rougher, C. 162.

Woghe, wrong, sin, A. 622. A.S. woh.

Wolde = walde, perform, do, A. 812. See Welde.

Wolde, would, A. 772.

Wolen, woollen, A. 731.

Wolle, wool, A. 844.

Wombe, belly, B. 462, 1250.

Won, Wone,

sb. dwelling, abode, A. 32, 1049; A. 140, 928; woneȝ, A. 917, 924; vb. to dwell, A. 404, 298; B. 875. A.S. wunian. O.Fris. wona.

Won = wone, custom, usage, B. 720. A.S. wune.

Wonde, fear, hesitate, B. 855. A.S. wandian.

Wonde = wande, delay, cease, A. 153.

212b

Wonder, adj. wonderful, A. 1095; B. 153.

Wonderly, wonderfully, A. 570; B. 384.

Woned = waned, decreased, B. 496. A.S. wanian, to decrease.

Wonen (pret. pl.) got, B. 1777.

Wonne, pale, wan, C. 141. A.S. wonn, wan.

Wonne, got, A. 32.

Wonnen, begotten, B. 112.

Wonnyng, dwelling, B. 921. See Won.

Wont, be wanting, B. 739.

Wony, dwell, abide, live, A. 284; A. 431; B. 462. See Won.

Wonyande, dwelling, living, B. 293.

Wonys, dwells, A. 47.

Worche, vb. work, labour, A. 511.

Worcher = worker, maker, B. 1501.

Worchyp, honour, B. 1802.

Worded, spoken, uttered, C. 421.

Wore, were, A. 142, 232; B. 928.

Worme, reptile, B. 533.

Worre, weaker, literally, worse, B. 719. O.N. verr. Sw. värre. O.Sc. war. O.E. werr, worse.

Worschyp, honour, A. 394.

Worteȝ, herbs, A. 42. See Werte.

Worþe, to be, C. 22.

Worþely, Worþelych, Worþly, Worþlych, Worþyly,

worthy, A. 47, 846, 1073; B. 471, 651, 1298, 1351; beautiful, C. 475.

Worþloker, more worthy (comp. of worþelych), C. 464.

Wost, Woste,

knowest, A. 293, 411; B. 875. See Wot.

Wot, know, A. 47, 1107; C. 129.

213

Wote, knows, C. 397.

Woþe, hurt, harm, B. 855. This word occurs under the forms quathe, wathe, and seems to be related to O.E. qued. Low Ger. quat, bad. O.E. wathe, bad; wathely, badly.

Woþe, path, A. 151, 375. A.S. wáth, wáthu. O.E. wathe, a way, path. See extract under the word Wasturne.

Wowe, Woȝe,

wall, A. 1049; B. 832, 839, 1403, 1531. A.S. wáh. “Wowe or wal, murus.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Wrache, vengeance, A. 204, 229; B. 185. A.S. wrec, wracu.

Wrak (pret. of wreke), avenged, B. 570.

Wrake, vengeance, B. 213, 235, 718, 970, 1225.

Wrakful, angry, bitter, B. 302, 541.

Wrang, wrong, A. 15; A. 76; wrongly, A. 488, 631; bad, B. 384.

Wraste (pret. of wreste), raised, uplifted, A. 1166, 1403; thrust, 1802; B. 80.

Wrastel, Wrastle,

wrestle, A. 949; B. 141.

Wraþe, become angry, A. 230; C. 74; make angry, B. 719.

Wraȝte, wrought, A. 56.

Wrech = wrache, vengeance, B. 230.

Wrech, Wreche, Wrechche,

wretch, A. 84, 828; B. 113.

Wrech, wretched, C. 258. A.S. 213b wrec, wretched. With wrech and wretched, cf. wik and wikked.

Wrek, Wreke,

avenged, B. 198.

Wrenche, device, B. 292. A.S. wrence.

Wro, passage; literally, corner, A. 866. O.Sw. wraa. Dan. vraa.

Wroken, (pret. of wreke), banished, exiled, A. 375. A.S. wrecan, to exile, banish.

Wrot (pret. of wrote), grubbed up, C. 467. A.S. wrótan, to turn up with the snout; wrót, a snout.

Wroþe, fierce, B. 1676. A.S. wráth, wroth, enraged.

Wroþeloker (comp. of wroþely), more fiercely, angrily, C. 132.

Wroþely, Wroþly,

angrily, fiercely, A. 280, 949; B. 132.

Wroþer (comp. of wroþe), fiercer, C. 162.

Wroȝt, Wroȝte,

wrought, worked, A. 525, 748.

Wruxeled, raised, B. 1381. Wrixle = change, turn, occurs in T. B. 445.

Wryst, B. 1535.

Wryt, B. 1552.

Wryþe, turn, A. 350, 488; wriggle, A. 533; toil, A. 511; bind, thrust, B. 80. A.S. writhan, to writhe, bind, twist. “Writhen like a wilde eddur.” T. B. 4432.

Wunder, B. 1390.

Wunnen, won, B. 1305.

214

Wyche, B. 1577.

Wyche-crafte, B. 1560.

Wyddere, wither, C. 468.

Wydowande (wyndowande), withering, dry, B. 1048; wyndowand = burnt up. N.Prov.E. winny, to dry, burn up.

Wyke, member, part, B. 1690. O.N. vik.

Wykke, Wyk,

wicked, B. 908, 1063. A.S. wícan, to become weak, to yield. O.N. víkia.

Wykket, Wyket,

wicket, gate, door, B. 501, 857.

Wyl, Wylle,

wandering, C. 473; forlorn, B. 76. O.N. villa, error; villa, to lead astray, beguile. Phrase, wille o wan, astray from abode, uncertain where to go; wil-sum, wil-ful, lonely, solitary, desert.

Wyldren = wyldern (?), waste, wilderness, C. 297. A.S. wild, 214b wild, and ærn, a place (?). See Wasturne.

Wylsfully, wilfully, B. 268.

Wylger, wild, fierce, B. 375. See extract under the word Note.

Wylle, forlorn, B. 76. See Wyl.

Wylnes, apostacy, B. 231.

Wylneȝ, desirest (2d pers. sing of wylne), A. 318. A.S. wilnian.

Wyly, curiously, craftily, B. 1452. A.S. wile, a device.

Wyndas, windlass, C. 103.

Wyndowe, B. 453.

Wynne, joyful, A. 154. A.S. wyn, pleasure, delight.

Wynne, obtain, get, A. 579; B. 617. A.S. winnan. See T. B. 1165.

Wynnelych, gracious, B. 1807, Cp. wynly = dexterously, 1165.

Wyrde, fate, destiny, A. 249, 273; B. 1224. Sc. wird. A.S. wyrd.

Wyrle, flew, B. 475.

Wyschande, hoping for, wishing, A. 14.

Wyse, manner, A. 1095; wyses, B. 1805.

Wyse, Wysse,

show, appear, A. 1135, A. 1564; direct, send out, A. 453; instruct, B. 60. A.S. wissian.

Wyst, Wyste,

knew, A. 376; B. 152.

Wyt, wisdom, A. 348; B. 129.

Wyt, know, learn, B. 1319, 1360. A.S. witan.

215

Wyte, blame, A. 76; B. 501. A.S. wítian.

Wyte, pass away (?), C. 397. A.S. wítan.

Wyter, true, truly, B. 1552. O.N. vitr, wise, prudent.

Wytered, informed, B. 1587.

Wyterly, truly, B. 171, 1567. Dan. vitterlig, known, manifest.

Wyþe, gentle, soft, C. 454. A.S. wéthe, soft, pleasant.

Wyþer, contrary, opposite, A. 230; adverse, hostile, C. 48. S.Sax. witherr, adverse, evil. A.S. witherian, to oppose, resist. Cf. wetheruns = wetherings, enemies, T. B. 5048.

Wyþerly, fiercely, angrily, A. 198; B. 74.

Wyth-halde, withhold, B. 740.

Wythouten, without, A. 390.

Wytles, foolish, A. 1585; B. 113.

Wytte, meaning, A. 1630; wit, A. 294; wytteȝ, devices, B. 515.

Wyȝ, Wyȝe,

person, being, A. 131, 579; B. 545. A.S. wiga, a warrior, soldier; wig, war.

Wyȝt, quick, quickly, A. 617; B. 103. O.E. wight. Sw. vig, active.

Wyȝtly, quickly, B. 908.

215b

Y

Ydropike, dropsical, B. 1096.

Yle, isle, A. 693.

Ylle, bad, evil, C. 8.

Ynde, blue, A. 1016; B. 1411.

Yow, you, A. 287.

Yor, your, A. 761.

Yre, anger, B. 775, 1240.

Yþe, wave, A. 430; B. 147. A.S. ythu, a wave, flood. S.Sax. uthe.

Yȝe, eye (pl. yȝen), A. 254, 302.

Ȝ

Ȝare = yare, plainly, accurately, A. 834. A.S. gearo, ready, prepared, accurate.

Ȝark, adj. select, A. 652; prepare, A. 1708; vb. to grant, B. 758. A.S. gearcian, to prepare, make ready. See T. B. 414.

Ȝarm, cry, B. 971. As the character ȝ in these poems always represents g or gh, ȝarm is evidently not derived from the A.S. cyrm, noise, retained in O.E. charm, a humming noise, the cry of birds, etc., but is from the Welsh garm, shout, outcry; garmio, to set up a cry, from which the A.S. cyrm, is itself derived.

Ȝate, gate, A. 1034.

Ȝe, ye, A. 381.

Ȝede (pret. of go), went, A. 526, 1049; B. 432.

Ȝederly, quickly, soon, B. 463. O.N. gedugr, exceedingly. The adjective ȝeder does not occur in the poems, but was not 216 unknown to O.E. literature. It occurs in the glossary to the Romance of King Alexander, ed. Stevenson, but is left unexplained by the editor.

“Ȝedire ȝoskinges = great (frequent) sobbings.”

Ȝelde, yield, perform, B. 665.

Ȝellyng = yelling, outcry, B. 971. A.S. geallian, to yell. “Ȝellyn’ or hydowsly cryin’, Vociferor.” (Prompt. Parv.)

Ȝeme, protect, guard, B. 1242, 1493. A.S. géman, to care for, take care of.

Ȝemen, yeomen, A. 535.

Ȝender, yonder, B. 1617.

Ȝep, Ȝepe,

quick, active, bold, B. 796, 881. A.S. gæp.

Ȝeply, quickly, B. 665, 1708. See T. B. 414.

Ȝer, Ȝere,

year, A. 483, 588.

Ȝerne = yearn, desire, A. 1190; B. 66, 758.

Ȝestande, B. 846. If from the A.S. gæston, “afflicted,” we may render this term “afflicting,” but if, as is more probable, it is from the A.S. gist, froth, yeast, we may explain it as “frothing,” “overflowing.” Cf. the phrase, “the yesty waves.”

216b

Ȝete, offer, give, A. 558. O.E. yate (pret. yatte). O.N. géta.

Gate, in T. B. 979, seems to mean a request.

Ȝete, yet, A. 1061.

Ȝeȝed, spoke, B. 846. Prov. Ger. gaggen, to stutter, gabble.

Ȝif, if, B. 758.

Ȝise, truly, yes, C. 117.

Ȝisterday, yesterday, B. 463.

Ȝokke, yoke, B. 66.

Ȝolden, restored, B. 1708.

Ȝolpe, vb. boast, B. 846. A.S. gilpan.

Ȝomerly, sorrowful, lamentable, B. 971. A.S. geomor, sad; geomorlíc, doleful. Cf. ȝomeryng, T. B. 1722.

Ȝon, yon, A. 693; B. 772.

Ȝonde, yonder, B. 721.

Ȝong, Ȝonge,

young, A. 412, 474; B. 783.

Ȝore, before, A. 586. A.S. geara.

Ȝore-fader, forefather, A. 322.

Ȝore-whyle, ere-while, B. 842.

Ȝornen (3rd pers. pl. pret.), ran, B. 881. A.S. ge-yrnan, to run.

Ȝyrd, go, hasten, A. 635. The original meaning of ȝyrd is perhaps a sudden sting, blow, hence to strike, then to start forward. Goth. gazd, a sting, goad. Lat. hasta. O.E. gird, to strike.