The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Bibliography of the writings in Prose and Verse of George Henry Borrow, by Thomas J. Wise, et al This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: A Bibliography of the writings in Prose and Verse of George Henry Borrow Author: Thomas J. Wise Release Date: June 30, 2008 [eBook #25939] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS IN PROSE AND VERSE OF GEORGE HENRY BORROW***
Transcribed from the 1914 Richard Clay and Sons edition by David Price, email [email protected]
by
THOMAS J. WISE
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY
By Richard Clay & Sons, ltd.
1914
Of this
book
One Hundred Copies Only
have been Printed.
The object of the present Bibliography is to give a concise account, accompanied by accurate collations, of the original editions of the Books and Pamphlets of George Borrow, together with a list of his many contributions to Magazines and other Publications. It will doubtless be observed that no inconsiderable portion of the Bibliography deals with the attractive series of Pamphlets containing Ballads, Poems, and other works by Borrow which were printed for Private Circulation during the course of last year. Some account of the origin of these pamphlets, and some information regarding the material of which they are composed, may not be considered as inopportune or inappropriate.
As a writer of English Prose Borrow long since achieved the position which was his due; as a writer of English Verse he has yet to come by his own.
The neglect from which Borrow’s poetical compositions (by far the larger proportion of which are translations from the Danish and other tongues) have suffered has arisen from one cause, and from one cause alone,—the fact that up to the present moment only his earliest and, in the majority of cases, his least successful efforts have been available to students of his work.
p. xIn 1826, when Borrow passed his Romantic Ballads through the Press, he had already acquired a working knowledge of numerous languages and dialects, but of his native tongue he had still to become a master. In 1826 his appreciation of the requirements of English Prosody was of a vague description, his sense of the rhythm of verse was crude, and the attention he paid to the exigencies of rhyme was inadequate. Hence the majority of his Ballads, beyond the fact that they were faithful reproductions of the originals from which they had been laboriously translated, were of no particular value.
But to Borrow himself they were objects of a regard which amounted to affection, and there can be no question that throughout a considerable portion of his adventurous life he looked to his Ballads to win for him whatever measure of literary fame it might eventually be his fortune to gain. In Lavengro, and other of his prose works, he repeatedly referred to his “bundle of Ballads”; and I doubt whether he ever really relinquished all hope of placing them before the public until the last decade of his life had well advanced.
That the Ballad Poetry of the old Northern Races should have held a strong attraction for Borrow is not to be wondered at. His restless nature and his roving habits were well in tune with the spirit of the old Heroic Ballads; whilst his taste for all that was mythical or vagabond (vagabond in the literal, and not in the conventional, sense of the word) would prompt him to welcome with no common eagerness the old Poems dealing with matters supernatural and legendary. Has he not himself recorded how, when fatigued upon a tiring march, he roused his flagging spirits by shouting the refrain “Look out, look out, Svend Vonved!”?
p. xiIn 1829, three years after the Romantic Ballads had struggled into existence, Borrow made an effort to place them before a larger public in a more complete and imposing form. In collaboration with Dr. (afterwards Sir John) Bowring he projected a work which should contain the best of his old Ballads, together with many new ones, the whole to be supported by the addition of others from the pen of Dr. Bowring. [0a] A Prospectus was drawn up and issued in December, 1829, and at least two examples of this Prospectus have survived. The brochure consists of two octavo pages of letterpress, with the following heading:—
PROSPECTUS.
It is proposed to publish,
in Two Volumes Octavo,
Price to Subscribers £1 1s., to Non-Subscribers
£1 4s.,
THE SONGS OF SCANDINAVIA,
translated by
Dr. BOWRING and Mr. BORROW.
dedicated to the king of denmark, by permission of his majesty.
p. xiiThen came a brief synopsis of the contents of the volumes, followed by a short address on “the debt of justice due from England to Scandinavia.”
Two additional pages were headed List of Subscribers, and were left blank for the reception of names which, alas! were recorded in no sufficient number. The scheme lapsed, Borrow found his mission in other fields of labour, and not until 1854 did he again attempt to revive it.
But in 1854 Borrow made one more very serious effort to give his Ballads life. In that year he again took them in hand, subjected many of them to revision of the most drastic nature, and proceeded to prepare them finally for press. Advertisements which he drew up are still extant in his handwriting, and reduced facsimiles of two of these may be seen upon the opposite page. But again Fate was against him, and neither Kœmpe Viser nor Songs of Europe ever saw the light. [0b]
After the death of Borrow his manuscripts passed into the possession of his step-daughter, Mrs. MacOubrey, from whom the greater part were purchased by Mr. Webber, a bookseller of Ipswich, who resold them to Dr. William Knapp. These Manuscripts are now in the hands of the Hispanic Society, of New York, and will doubtless remain for ever the property of the American people. Fortunately, when disposing of the bulk of her step-father’s books and papers to Mr. Webber, Mrs. MacOubrey retained the Manuscripts of the Ballads, together with certain other p. xvdocuments of interest and importance. It was from these Manuscripts that I was afforded the opportunity of preparing the series of Pamphlets printed last year.
The Manuscripts themselves are of four descriptions. Firstly, the Manuscripts of certain of the new Ballads prepared for the Songs of Scandinavia in 1829, untouched, and as originally written; [0c] secondly, other of these new Ballads, heavily corrected by Borrow in a later handwriting; thirdly, fresh transcripts, with the revised texts, made in or about 1854, of Ballads written in 1829; and lastly some of the more important Ballads originally published in 1826, entirely re-written in 1854, and the text thoroughly revised.
As will be seen from the few examples I have given in the following pages, or better still from a perusal of the pamphlets, the value as literature of Borrow’s Ballads as we now know them is immeasurably higher than that hitherto placed upon them by critics who had no material upon which to form their judgment beyond the Romantic Ballads, Targum, and The Talisman, together with the sets of minor verses included in his other books. Borrow himself regarded his work in this field as superior to that of Lockhart, and indeed seems to have believed that one cause at least of his inability to obtain a hearing was Lockhart’s jealousy for his own Spanish Ballads. Be that as it may—and Lockhart was certainly sufficiently small-minded to render such a suspicion by no means ridiculous p. xvior absurd—I feel assured that Borrow’s metrical work will in future receive a far more cordial welcome from his readers, and will meet with a fuller appreciation from his critics, than that which until now it has been its fortune to secure.
Despite the unctuous phrases which, in obedience to the promptings of the Secretaries of the British and Foreign Bible Society [0d] whose interests he forwarded with so much enterprise and vigor, he was at times constrained to introduce into his official letters, Borrow was at heart a Pagan. The memory of his father that he cherished most warmly was that of the latter’s fight, actual or mythical, with ‘Big Ben Brain,’ the bruiser; whilst the sword his father had used in action was one of his best-regarded possessions. To that sword he addressed the following youthful stanzas, which until now have remained un-printed:
Full twenty fights my father saw,
And died with twenty red wounds gored;
I heir’d what he so loved to draw,
His ancient silver-handled sword.It is a sword of weight and length,
Of jags and blood-specks nobly full;
Well wielded by his Cornish strength
It clove the Gaulman’s helm and scull.Hurrah! thou silver-handled blade,
Though thou’st but little of the air
Of swords by Cornets worn on p’rade,
To battle thee I vow to bear.Thou’st decked old chiefs of Cornwall’s land,
To face the fiend with thee they dared;
Thou prov’dst a Tirfing in their hand
Which victory gave whene’er ’twas bared.Though Cornwall’s moors ’twas ne’er my lot
To view, in Eastern Anglia born,
Yet I her son’s rude strength have got,
And feel of death their fearless scorn.p. xviiiAnd when the foe we have in ken,
And with my troop I seek the fray,
Thou’lt find the youth who wields thee then
Will ne’er the part of Horace play.Meanwhile above my bed’s head hang,
May no vile rust thy sides bestain;
And soon, full soon, the war-trump’s clang
Call me and thee to glory’s plain.
These stanzas are interesting in a way which compels one to welcome them, despite the poverty of the verse. The little poem is a fragment of autobiographical juvenilia, and moreover it is an original composition, and not a translation, as is the greater part of Borrow’s poetical work.
Up to the present date no Complete Collected Edition of Borrow’s Works has been published, either in this country or in America. There is, however, good reason for hoping that this omission will soon be remedied, for such an edition is now in contemplation, to be produced under the agreeable editorship of Mr. Clement Shorter.
It is, I presume, hardly necessary to note that every Book, Pamphlet, and Magazine dealt with in the following pages has been described de visu.
T. J. W.
Celebrated Trials, / and / Remarkable Cases / of / Criminal Jurisprudence, / from / The Earliest Records / to / The Year 1825. / [Thirteen-line quotation from Burke] / In Six Volumes. / Vol. I. [Vol. II, &c.] / London: / Printed for Knight and Lacey, / Paternoster-Row. / 1825. / Price £3. 12s. in Boards.
Collation:—Demy octavo.
Vol. I. Pp. xiii + v + 550, with nine engraved Plates.
Vol. II. „ vi + 574, with seven engraved Plates.
[P. 574 is misnumbered 140.]
Vol. III. „ vi + 572, with three engraved Plates.
Vol. IV. „ vi + 600, with five engraved Plates.
Vol. V. „ vi + 684, with five engraved Plates.
Vol. VI. „ viii + 576 + an Index of 8 pages, together with six engraved Plates.
Issued in drab paper boards, with white paper back-labels. The leaves measure 8⅝ × 5 inches.
p. 4It is evident that no fewer than five different printing houses were employed simultaneously in the production of this work.
The preliminary matter of all six volumes was printed together, and the reverse of each title-page carries at foot the following imprint: “London: / Shackell and Arrowsmith, Johnson’s-Court, Fleet-Street.”
The same firm also worked the whole of the Second Volume, and their imprint is repeated at the foot of p. 574 [misnumbered 140].
Vol. I bears, at the foot of p. 550, the following imprint: “Printed by W. Lewis, 21, Finch-Lane, Cornhill.”
Vol. III bears, at the foot of p. 572, the following imprint: “J. and C. Adlard, Printers, / Bartholomew Close.”
Vols. IV and VI bear, at the foot of pages 600 and 576 respectively, the following imprint: “D. Sidney & Co., Printers / Northumberland-street, Strand.”
Vol. V bears, at the foot of p. 684, the following imprint: “Whiting and Branston, / Beaufort House, Strand.”
Both Dr. Knapp and Mr. Clement Shorter have recorded full particulars of the genesis of the Celebrated Trials. Mr. Shorter devotes a considerable portion of Chapter xi of George Borrow and his Circle to the subject, and furnishes an analysis of the contents of each of the six volumes. Celebrated Trials is, of course, the Newgate Lives and Trials of Lavengro, in which book Borrow contrived to make a considerable amount of entertaining narrative out of his early struggles and failures.
There is a Copy of the First Edition of Celebrated Trials in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 518.g.6.
Faustus: / His / Life, Death, / and / Descent into Hell. / Translated from the German. / Speed thee, speed thee, / Liberty lead thee, / Many this night shall harken and heed thee. / Far abroad, / Demi-god, / Who shall appal thee! / Javal, or devil, or what else we call thee. / Hymn to the Devil. / London: / W. Simpkin and R. Marshall. / 1825.
Collation:—Foolscap octavo, pp. xii + 251; consisting of: Half-title (with imprint “Printed by / J. and C. Adlard, Bartholomew Close” at the foot of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. iii–iv; Preface (headed The Translator to the Public) pp. v–viii; Table of Contents pp. ix–xii; and Text pp. 1–251. The reverse of p. 251 is occupied by Advertisements of Horace Welby’s Signs before Death, and John Timbs’s Picturesque Promenade round Dorking. The headline is Faustus throughout, upon both sides of the page. At the foot of the reverse of p. 251 the imprint is repeated thus, “J. and C. Adlard, Bartholomew Close.” The signatures are A (6 leaves), B to Q (15 sheets, each 8 leaves), plus R (6 leaves).
Issued (in April, 1825) in bright claret-coloured linen boards, with white paper back-label. The leaves measure 6¾ × 4¼ inches. The published price was 7s. 6d.
The volume has as Frontispiece a coloured plate, engraved upon copper, representing the supper of the sheep-headed Magistrates, described on pp. 64–66. The incident selected for illustration is the moment when the wine ‘issued in blue flames from the flasks,’ and ‘the whole assembly sat like so many ridiculous characters in a mad masquerade.’ This illustration was not new to Borrow’s book. It had appeared both in the German original, p. 8and in the French translation of 1798. In the original work the persons so bitterly satirized were the individuals composing the Corporation of Frankfort.
In 1840 ‘remainder’ copies of the First Edition of Faustus were issued with a new title-page, pasted upon a stub, carrying at foot the following publishers’ imprint, “London: / Simpkin, Marshall & Co. / 1840.” They were made up in bright claret-coloured linen boards, uniform with the original issue, with a white paper back-label. The published price was again 7s. 6d.
Faustus was translated by Borrow from the German of Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger. Mr. Shorter suggests, with much reason, that Borrow did not make his translation from the original German edition of 1791, but from a French translation published in Amsterdam in 1798.
The reception accorded to Faustus was the reverse of favourable. The Literary Gazette said (July 16th, 1825):—
“This is another work to which no respectable publisher ought to have allowed his name to be put. The political allusion and metaphysics, which may have made it popular among a low class in Germany, do not sufficiently season its lewd scenes and coarse descriptions for British palates. We have occasionally publications for the fireside,—these are only fit for the fire.”
Borrow’s translation of Klinger’s novel was reprinted in 1864, without any acknowledgment of the name of the translator. Only a few stray words in the text were altered. But five passages were deleted from the Preface, which, not being otherwise modified or supplemented, gave—as was no doubt the intention of the publishers—the work the appearance of a new translation specially prepared. This unhallowed edition bears the following title-page:
Faustus: / His / Life, Death, and Doom. / A Romance in Prose. / Translated from the German. / [Quotation as in the original edition, followed by a Printer’s ornament.] / London: / W. Kent and Co., Paternoster Row. / 1864.—Crown 8vo, pp. viii + 302.
p. 11“There is no reason to suppose,” remarks Mr. Shorter (George Borrow and his Circle, p. 104) “that the individual, whoever he may have been, who prepared the 1864 edition of Faustus for the Press, had ever seen either the German original or the French translation of Klinger’s book.”
There is a copy of the First Edition of Faustus in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is N.351.
Romantic Ballads, / Translated from the Danish; / and / Miscellaneous Pieces; / By / George Borrow. / Through gloomy paths unknown— / Paths which untrodden be, / From rock to rock I roam / Along the dashing sea. / Bowring. / Norwich: / Printed and Published by S. Wilkin, Upper Haymarket. / 1826.
Collation:—Demy octavo, pp. xii + 187; consisting of: Half-title (with imprint “Norwich: / Printed by S. Wilkin, Upper Haymarket” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. iii–iv; Table of Contents (with blank reverse) pp. v–vi; Preface pp. vii–viii; Prefatory Poem From Allan Cunningham to George Borrow pp. ix–xi, p. xii is blank; Text of the Ballads pp. 1–184; and List of Subscribers pp. 185–187. The reverse of p. 187 is blank. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the Ballad occupying it. p. 12The imprint is repeated at the foot of p. 184. The signatures are a (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), b (a quarter-sheet of 2 leaves), B to M (eleven sheets, each 8 leaves), and N (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), followed by an unsigned quarter-sheet of 2 leaves carrying the List of Subscribers. [12] Sigs. G 5 and H 2 (pp. 89–90 and 99–100) are cancel-leaves, mounted on stubs, in every copy I have met with.
Issued (in May 1826) in dark greenish-grey paper boards, with white paper back-label, lettered “Romantic / Ballads / From the / Danish By / G. Borrow / Price 10/6 net.” The leaves measure 9 × 5½ inches.
The volume of Romantic Ballads was printed at Norwich during the early months of 1826. The edition consisted of Five Hundred Copies, but only Two Hundred of these were furnished with the Title-page transcribed above. These were duly distributed to the subscribers. The remaining Three Hundred copies were forwarded to London, where they were supplied with the two successive title-pages described below, and published in the ordinary manner.
“I had an idea that, provided I could persuade any spirited publisher to give these translations to the world, I should acquire both considerable fame and profit; not perhaps a world-embracing fame such as Byron’s, but a fame not to be sneered at, which would last me a considerable time, and would keep my heart from breaking;—profit, not equal to that which Scott had made by his wondrous novels, but which would prevent me from starving, and enable me to achieve some other literary enterprise. I read and re-read my ballads, and the more I read them the more I was convinced that the public, in the event of their being published, would freely purchase, and hail them with merited applause”—[“George Borrow and his Circle,” 1913, p. 102.]
Allan Cunningham’s appreciation of the manner in which p. 15Borrow had succeeded in his effort to introduce the Danish Ballads to English readers is well expressed in the following letter:
27, Lower Belgrave Place,
London.
16th May, 1826.My dear Sir,
I like your Danish Ballads much, and though Oehlenslæger seems a capital poet, I love the old rhymes best. There is more truth and simplicity in them; and certainly we have nothing in our language to compare with them. . . . ‘Sir John’ is a capital fellow, and reminds one of Burns’ ‘Findlay.’ ‘Sir Middel’ is very natural and affecting, and exceedingly well rendered,—so is ‘The Spectre of Hydebee.’ In this you have kept up the true tone of the Northern Ballad. ‘Svend Vonved’ is wild and poetical, and it is my favourite. You must not think me insensible to the merits of the incomparable ‘Skimming.’ I think I hear his neigh, and see him crush the ribs of the Jute. Get out of bed, therefore, George Borrow, and be sick or sleepy no longer. A fellow who can give us such exquisite Danish Ballads has no right to repose. . . .
I remain,
Your very faithful friend,
Allan Cunningham.
Contents.
|
Page. |
Introductory Verses. By Allan Cunningham. [Sing, sing, my friend; breathe life again] |
ix |
The Death-Raven. [The silken sail, which caught the summer breeze] I give herewith a reduced facsimile of the first page of the original Manuscript of this Ballad. No other MS. of it is known to be extant. |
1 |
Fridleif and Helga. [The woods were in leaf, and they cast a sweet shade] |
21 |
Sir Middel. [So tightly was Swanelil lacing her vest] p. 16Previously printed (under the title Skion Middel, the first line reading, “The maiden was lacing so tightly her vest,”) in The Monthly Magazine, November 1823, p. 308. Apart from the opening line, the text of the two versions (with the exception of a few trifling verbal changes) is identical. Another, but widely different, version of this Ballad is printed in Child Maidelvold and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 5–10. In this latter version the name of the heroine is Sidselil in place of Swanelil, and that of the hero is Child Maidelvold in place of Sir Middel. |
28 |
Elvir-Shades. [A sultry eve pursu’d a sultry day] Considerable differences are to be observed between the text of the Manuscript of Elvir-Shades and that of the printed version. For example, as printed the second stanza reads:
In the Manuscript it reads:
|
32 |
The Heddybee-Spectre. [I clomb in haste my dappled steed] In 1829 Borrow discarded his original (1826) version of The Heddybee-Spectre, and made an entirely new translation. This was written in couplets, with a refrain repeated after each. In 1854 the latter version was revised, and represents the final text. It commences thus:
From the Manuscript of 1854 the ballad was printed (under the amended title The Heddeby Spectre) in Signelil, A Tale from the Cornish, and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 22–24. Borrow afterwards described the present early version as ‘a paraphrase.’ |
37 |
p. 19Sir John. [Sir Lavé to the island stray’d] There is extant a Manuscript of Sir John which apparently belongs to an earlier date than 1826. The text differs considerably from that of the Romantic Ballads. I give a few stanzas of each. 1826.
Early MS.
|
40 |
44 |
|
Aager and Eliza. [Have ye heard of bold Sir Aager] |
47 |
Saint Oluf. [St. Oluf was a mighty king] Of Saint Oluf there are three MSS. extant, the first written in 1826, the second in 1829, and the third in 1854. In the two later MSS. the title given to the Ballad is Saint Oluf and the Trolds. As the latest MS. affords the final text of the Poem, I give a few of the variants between it and the printed version of 1826 1826.
1854.
The entire ballad should be compared with King Oluf the Saint, printed in Queen Berngerd, The Bard and the Dreams, and Other Ballads, 1913, pp 23–29. |
53 |
The Heroes of Dovrefeld. [On Dovrefeld, in Norway] Another version of The Heroes of Dovrefeld, written in 1854, is extant in manuscript. Unlike that of 1826, which was in four line stanzas, this later version is arranged in couplets, with a refrain repeated after each. It commences as follows:
|
58 |
Svend Vonved. [Svend Vonved sits in his lonely bower] In a Manuscript of 1830 the name employed is Swayne Vonved. There is no 1854 Manuscript of this Ballad. |
61 |
The Tournament. [Six score there were, six score and ten] The Tournament was one of the Ballads entirely rewritten by Borrow in 1854 for inclusion in the then projected Kœmpe Viser. The text of the later version differed greatly from that of 1826, as the following extracts will show:
A reduced facsimile of the first page of the Manuscript of the 1854 version of The Tournament will be found herewith, facing page 28. |
82 |
Vidrik Verlandson. [King Diderik sits in the halls of Bern] Vidrik Verlandson was another of the Ballads entirely re-written by Borrow in 1854 for the proposed Kœmpe Viser. The text of the later version differed extremely from that of 1826, as the following examples will shew: 1826.
p. 39In Romantic Ballads, and also in the Manuscript of 1854, this Ballad is entitled Vidrik Verlandson. In the Manuscript of 1829 it is entitled Vidrik Verlandson’s Conflict with the Giant Langben. The text of this Manuscript is intermediate between that of the other two versions. A reduced facsimile of the first page of the Manuscript of the 1854 version of Vidrik Verlandson is given herewith, facing p. 35. |
98 |
Elvir Hill. [I rested my head upon Elvir Hill’s side, and my eyes were beginning to slumber] In the Manuscript of 1829 this Ballad is entitled Elfin Hill, and the text differs considerably from that printed in 1826. I give the opening stanzas of each version. 1826.
1829.
|
111 |
Waldemar’s Chase. [Late at eve they were toiling on Harribee bank] Previously printed in The Monthly Magazine, August 1824, p. 21. |
115 |
The Merman. [Do thou, dear mother, contrive amain] A later, and greatly improved, version of this Ballad was included, under the title The Treacherous Merman, in The Serpent Knight and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 15–17. An early draft of this later version bears the title Marsk Stig’s Daughter. |
117 |
The Deceived Merman. [Fair Agnes alone on the sea-shore stood] Previously printed in The Monthly Magazine, March 1825, pp. 143–144. |
120 |
Cantata. [This is Denmark’s holyday] |
127 |
The Hail-Storm. [When from our ships we bounded] The Hail Storm was reprinted in Targum, 1835, pp. 42–43, and again in Young Swaigder or The Force of Runes and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 14–15. In each instance very considerable variations were introduced into the text. |
136 |
The Elder-Witch. [Though tall the oak, and firm its stem] |
139 |
Ode. From the Gælic. [Oh restless, to night, are my slumbers] |
142 |
Bear Song. [The squirrel that’s sporting] Previously printed, with some trifling differences in the text, in The Monthly Magazine, December, 1824, p. 432. |
144 |
National Song. [King Christian stood beside the mast] Previously printed (under the title “Sea Song; from the Danish of Evald”) in The Monthly Magazine, December, 1823, p. 437. |
146 |
The Old Oak. [Here have I stood, the pride of the park] |
149 |
p. 43Lines to Six-Foot Three. [A lad, who twenty tongues can talk] |
151 |
Nature’s Temperaments: |
|
1. Sadness. [Lo, a pallid fleecy vapour] |
155 |
2. Glee. [Roseate colours on heaven’s high arch] |
156 |
3. Madness. [What darkens, what darkens?—’tis heaven’s high roof] In a revised Manuscript of uncertain date, but c 1860–70, this poem is entitled Hecla and Etna, the first line reading:
|
158 |
The Violet-Gatherer. [Pale the moon her light was shedding] |
159 |
Ode to a Mountain-Torrent. [How lovely art thou in thy tresses of foam] Previously printed in The Monthly Magazine, October, 1823, p. 244. In The Monthly Magazine the eighth stanza reads:
In Romantic Ballads it reads:
|
164 |
Runic Verses. [O the force of Runic verses] |
167 |
Thoughts on Death. [Perhaps ’tis folly, but still I feel] Previously printed (under the tentative title Death, and with some small textual variations) in The Monthly Magazine, October, 1823, p. 245. |
169 |
Birds of Passage. [So hot shines the sun upon Nile’s yellow stream] |
171 |
The Broken Harp. [O thou, who, ’mid the forest trees] |
173 |
Scenes. [Observe ye not yon high cliff’s brow] |
175 |
p. 44The Suicide’s Grave. [The evening shadows fall upon the grave] |
182 |
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is at present no copy of the First Issue of the First Edition of Romantic Ballads, with the original Title-page, in the Library of the British Museum.
Romantic Ballads, / Translated from the Danish; / and / Miscellaneous Pieces; / By / George Borrow. / Through gloomy paths unknown—/ Paths which untrodden be, / From rock to rock I roam / Along the dashing sea. / Bowring. / London: / John Taylor, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, / 1826.
Collation:—Demy octavo, pp. xii + 187. The details of the collation follow those of the First Issue described above in every particular, save that, naturally, the volume lacks the two concluding leaves carrying the List of Subscribers.
Issued in drab paper boards, with white paper back-label. The published price was Seven Shillings.
“Taylor will undertake to publish the remaining copies. His advice is to make the price seven shillings, and to print a new title-page, and then he will be able to sell some for you I advise the same,” etc.—[Allan Cunningham to George Borrow.]
There is a copy of the Second Issue of the First Edition of Romantic Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 11565. cc. 8.
Romantic Ballads, / Translated from the Danish; / and / Miscellaneous Pieces; / By / George Borrow. / Through gloomy paths unknown—/ Paths which untrodden be, / From rock to rock I roam / Along the dashing sea. / Bowring. / London: / Published by Wightman and Cramp, / 24 Paternoster Row. / 1826.
Collation:—Demy octavo, pp. xii + 187. The details of the collation follow those of the Second Issue described above in every particular.
Issued in drab paper boards, with white paper back-label. The price was again Seven Shillings.
In 1913 a type-facsimile reprint of the Original Edition of Romantic Ballads was published by Messrs. Jarrold and Sons of Norwich. Three hundred Copies were printed.
Targum. / Or / Metrical Translations / From Thirty Languages / and / Dialects. / By / George Borrow. / “The raven has ascended to the nest of the nightingale.” / Persian Poem. / St. Petersburg. / Printed by Schulz and Beneze. / 1835.
Collation:—Demy octavo, printed in half-sheets, pp. viii + 106; consisting of: Title-page, as above (with p. 48a Russian quotation upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Preface pp. iii–v; Table of Contents pp. vi–viii, with a single Erratum at the foot of p. viii; and Text of the Translations pp. 1–106. There are no head-lines, the pages being numbered centrally in Arabic numerals. Beyond that upon the foot of the title-page, there is no imprint. The signatures are given in large Arabic numerals, each pair of half-sheets dividing one number between them; thus the first half-sheet is signed 1, the second 1*, the third 2, the fourth 2*, &c. The Register is therefore 1 to 7 (thirteen half-sheets, each 4 leaves), followed by a single unsigned leaf (pp. 105–106), the whole preceded by an unsigned half-sheet carrying the Title-page, Preface, and Table of Contents. The book was issued without any half-title.
Issued in plain paper wrappers of a bright green colour, lined with white, and without either lettering or label. The leaves measure 8 11/16 × 5½ inches.
Borrow was happy in the title he selected for his book. Targum, as Mr. Gosse has pointed out, is a Chaldee word meaning an interpretation. The word is said to be the root of ‘dragoman.’
Targum was written by Borrow during his two years’ residence at St. Petersburg (August, 1833, to August, 1835), and was published in June of the latter year. One hundred copies only were printed. As might naturally be expected the book has now become of very considerable rarity, but a small proportion of the original hundred copies being traceable to-day.
A reduced facsimile of the Title-page is given herewith.
“Just before completing this great work, the Manchu New Testament, Mr. Borrow published a small volume in the English p. 49language, entitled Targum, or Metrical Translations from Thirty Languages and Dialects. The exquisite delicacy with which he has caught and rendered the beauties of his well-chosen originals, is a proof of his learning and genius. The work is a pearl in literature, and, like pearls, it derives value from its scarcity, for the whole edition was limited to about a hundred copies.”—[John P. Hasfeld, in The Athenæum, March 5th, 1836.]
“Some days ago I was at Kirtof’s bookshop on the Gaternaya Ulitza. I wanted to buy a Bible in Spain to send to Simbirsk (on the Volga), where they torment me for it every post-day. The stock was all sold out in a few days after its arrival last autumn. The bookseller asked me if I knew a book by Borrow called Targum, which was understood to have been written by him and printed at St. Petersburg, but he had never been able to light upon it; and the surprising thing was that the trade abroad and even in England did him the honour to order it. I consoled him by saying that he could hardly hope to see a copy in his shop or to get a peep at it. ‘I have a copy,’ continued I, ‘but if you will offer me a thousand roubles for the bare reading of it I cannot do you the favour.’ The man opened his eyes in astonishment. ‘It must be a wonderful book,’ said he. ‘Yes, in that you are right, my good friend,’ I replied.”—[John P. Hasfeld.]
“After he became famous the Russian Government was desirous of procuring a copy of this rare book, Targum, for the Imperial Library, and sent an Envoy to England for the purpose. But the Envoy was refused what he sought, and told that as the book was not worth notice when the author’s name was obscure and they had the opportunity of obtaining it themselves, they should not have it now.”—[A. Egmont Hake, in The Athenæum, August 13th, 1881.]
Contents.
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
In 1892 Targum was reprinted, together with The Talisman, by Messrs. Jarrold & Sons, of Norwich, in an edition of 250 copies.
There is a copy of the First Edition of Targum in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C.57.i.6.
The / Talisman. / From the Russian / of / Alexander Pushkin. / With other Pieces. / St. Petersburg. / Printed by Schulz and Beneze, / 1835.
Collation:—Royal octavo, pp. 14; consisting of: Title-page, as above (with a Russian quotation upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 1–2; and Text of The Talisman and other Poems pp. 3–14. There are no head-lines, the pages being numbered centrally in Arabic numerals. Beyond that upon the title-page there is no imprint. There are also no signatures, the pamphlet being composed of a single sheet, folded to form sixteen pages. The last leaf is a blank. The book was issued without any half-title.
Issued stitched, and without wrappers. The leaves measure 9¾ × 6¼ inches.
One Hundred Copies only were printed.
p. 61A reduced facsimile of the Title-page of The Talisman is given herewith. It will be observed that the heavy letterpress upon the reverse of the title shows through the paper, and is reproduced in the photograph.
Contents.
|
page |
The Talisman. [Where fierce the surge with awful bellow] |
3 |
The Mermaid. [Close by a lake, begirt with forest] |
5 |
Ancient Russian Songs: |
|
1. [The windel-straw nor grass so shook and trembled] |
8 |
2. [O rustle not, ye verdant oaken branches!] |
9 |
3. [O thou field of my delight so fair and verdant!] |
9 |
Ancient Ballad. [From the wood a sound is gliding] |
11 |
The Renegade. [Now pay ye the heed that is fitting] |
13 |
Note.—The whole of the poems printed in The Talisman appeared there for the first time.
In 1892 Messrs. Jarrold & Sons published page for page reprints of Targum and The Talisman. They were issued together in one volume, bound in light drab-coloured paper boards, with white paper back-label, and were accompanied by the following collective title-page:
Targum: / or, / Metrical Translations from Thirty Languages / and Dialects. / And / The Talisman, / from the Russian of Alexander Pushkin. / With Other Pieces. / By / George Borrow. / Author of “The Bible in Spain” &c. / London: / Jarrold & Sons, 3, Paternoster Buildings.
In 1912 a small ‘remainder’ of The Talisman came to light. The ‘find’ consisted of about Five Copies, which were sold in the first instance for an equal number of Pence. The buyer appears to have resold them at progressive prices, commencing at Four Pounds and concluding at Ten Guineas.
There is a copy of the First Edition of The Talisman in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C.57.e.33.
Embéo / e Majaró Lucas. / Brotoboro / randado andré la chipe griega, acána / chibado andré o Romanó, ó chipe es / Zincales de Sesé. / El Evangelio segun S. Lucas, / traducido al Romaní, / ó dialecto de los Gitanos de España. / 1837.
Collation:—Foolscap octavo, pp. 177, consisting of: Title-page, as above (with Borrow’s Colophon upon the reverse, followed by a quotation from the Epistle to the Romans, Chap. XV. v. XXIV.) pp. 1–2; and Text of the Gospel pp. 3–177. The reverse of p. 177 is blank. There are no head-lines, the pages being numbered centrally in Arabic numerals. There is no printer’s imprint. The signatures are A to L (11 sheets, each 8 leaves), plus L repeated (two leaves, the second a blank). The book was issued without any half-title.
I have never seen a copy of the First Edition of Borrow’s translation into the dialect of the Spanish Gypsies of the Gospel of St. Luke in the original binding. No doubt the book (which was printed in Madrid) was put up in paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, in accordance with the usual Continental custom.
Most of the copies now extant are either in a modern binding, or in contemporary brown calf, with marbled edges and endpapers. The latter are doubtless the copies sent home by Borrow, and bound in leather for that purpose. The leaves of these measure 6 × 4 inches.
p. 65As will be seen from the following extracts, it is probable that the First Edition consisted of 250 copies, and that 50 of these were forwarded to London:
“In response to Borrow’s letter of February 27th, the Committee resolved ‘to authorise Mr. Borrow to print 250 copies of the Gospel of St. Luke, without the Vocabulary, in the Rummanee dialect, and to engage the services of a competent person to translate the Gospel of St. Luke by way of trial in the dialect of the Spanish Basque.’”—[Letters of George Borrow to the British and Foreign Bible Society, 1911, pp. 205–206.]
“A small impression of the Gospel of St. Luke, in the Rommany, or Gitano, or Gipsy language, has been printed at Madrid, under the superintendence of this same gentleman, who himself made the translation for the benefit of the interesting, singular, degraded race of people whose name it bears, and who are very numerous in some parts of Spain. He has likewise taken charge of the printing of the Gospel of St. Luke, in the Cantabrian, or Spanish Basque language, a translation of which had fallen into his hands.”—[Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 1838, p. xliii.]
“All the Testaments were stopped at the custom house, they were contained in two large chests. . . . The chests, therefore, with the hundred Gospels in Gitano and Basque [probably 50 copies of each] for the Library of the Bible Society are at present at San Lucar in the custom house, from which I expect to receive to-morrow the receipt which the authorities here demand.”—[Borrow’s letter to the Rev. A. Brandram, Seville, May 2nd, 1839.]
A Second Edition of the Gospel was printed in London in 1871. The collation is Duodecimo, pp. 117. This was followed by a Third Edition, London, 1872, the collation of which is also Duodecimo, pp. 117. Both bear the same imprint: “London: / Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Stamford Street, / and Charing Cross.”
For these London Editions the text was considerably revised.
The Gospel of St. Luke in the Basque dialect, referred to in the above paragraphs, is a small octavo volume bearing the following title-page:
p. 66Evangelioa / San Lucasen Guissan / El Evangelio segun S. Lucas. / Traducido al vascuence. / Madrid: / Imprenta de la Campañia Tipografica / 1838.
The translation was the work of a Basque physician named Oteiza, and Borrow did little more than see it through the press. The book has, therefore, no claim to rank as a Borrow princeps.
The measure of success which attended his efforts to reproduce the Gospel of St. Luke in these two dialects is best told in Borrow’s own words:
“I subsequently published the Gospel of St. Luke in the Rommany and Biscayan languages. With respect to the first, I beg leave to observe that no work printed in Spain ever caused so great and so general a sensation, not so much amongst the Gypsies, for whom it was intended, as amongst the Spaniards themselves, who, though they look upon the Roma with some degree of contempt, nevertheless take a strange interest in all that concerns them. . . . Respecting the Gospel in Basque I have less to say. It was originally translated into the dialect of Guipuscoa by Dr. Oteiza, and subsequently received corrections and alterations from myself. It can scarcely be said to have been published, it having been prohibited and copies of it seized on the second day of its appearance. But it is in my power to state that it is anxiously expected in the Basque provinces, where books in the aboriginal tongue are both scarce and dear.”—[Borrow’s Survey of his last two years in Spain, printed in his Letters to the Bible Society, 1911, pp. 360–361.]
There is a copy of the First Edition of The Gospel of St. Luke in the dialect of the Spanish Gypsies in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C.51.aa.12. The Museum also possesses a copy of the Gospel in the Basque dialect; the Pressmark is C.51.aa.13.
The Zincali; / Or, / An Account / of the / Gypsies of Spain. / With / An Original Collection of their / p. 67Songs and Poetry, / and / A Copious Dictionary of their Language. / By / George Borrow, / Late Agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society / in Spain. / “For that, which is unclean by nature, thou canst entertain no hope: no / washing will turn the Gypsy white.”—Ferdousi. / In Two Volumes. / Vol. I. [Vol. II] / London: / John Murray, Albemarle Street. / 1841.
Vol. I.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. xvi + 362; consisting of: Half-title (with imprint “G. Woodfall and Son, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. iii–iv; Dedication To the Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon, G.C.B. (with blank reverse) pp. v–vi; Preface pp. vii–xii; Table of Contents pp. xiii–xvi; and Text pp. 1–362, including a separate Fly-title (with blank reverse) to The Zincali, Part II. There are headlines throughout, each verso being headed The Zincali, whilst each recto carries at its head a note of the particular subject occupying it. The imprint is repeated at the foot of p. 362. The signatures are a (six leaves), b (two leaves), B to Q (15 sheets, each 12 leaves), plus R (two leaves). Sig. R 2 is a blank.
Vol. II.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. vi + 156 + vi + *135; consisting of: Half-title (with imprint “G. Woodfall and Son, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London” upon p. 68the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. iii–iv; Table of Contents pp. v–vi; Fly-title to The Zincali, Part III (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Text of Part III (including separate Fly-titles, each with blank reverse, to The Praise of Buddh, On the Language of the Gitanos, and Robber Language) pp. 3–156; Fly-title (with blank reverse) to The Zincali. Vocabulary of their Language pp. i–ii; Advertisement to the Vocabulary pp. iii–v; p. vi is blank; Text of the Vocabulary pp. *1–*113; p. *114 is blank; Fly-title (with blank reverse) to Miscellanies in the Gitano Language pp. *115–*116; Advertisement to the Miscellanies p. *117; and Text of the Miscellanies pp. *118–*135. The reverse of p. *135 is blank. There are head-lines throughout, each verso being headed The Zincali, whilst each recto carries at its head a note of the particular subject occupying it. The imprint is repeated at the foot of p. *135. The signatures are a (2 leaves), b (one leaf), B to G (6 sheets, each 12 leaves), H (6 leaves), a (3 leaves), b to e (4 sheets, each 12 leaves), f (9 leaves), and g (12 leaves). b 6, b 8, and b 12 are cancel-leaves. The last leaf of Sig. g is occupied by a series of Advertisements of Works just Published by John Murray.
Issued (in April, 1841) in dark blue cloth boards, with white paper back-label, lettered “Borrow’s / Gypsies / of / Spain. / Two Volumes. / Vol. I. [Vol. II.].” The leaves measure 7⅞ × 4¾ inches. The published price was 18s.
Of the First Edition of The Zincali Seven Hundred and Fifty Copies only were printed. A Second Edition, to which a new p. 69Preface was added, was published in March, 1843, and a Third in September, 1843, each of which was restricted to the same number of copies. The Fourth Edition appeared in 1846, the Fifth in 1870, the Sixth in 1882, the Seventh in 1888, and the Eighth in 1893. The book has since been included in various popular editions, and translated into several foreign languages.
Examples of The Zincali may sometimes be met with bearing dates other than those noted above. These are merely copies of the editions specified, furnished with new title-pages.
Included in the second volume of The Zincali is a considerable amount of verse, as follows:
|
page |
Rhymes of the Gitanos. [Unto a refuge me they led] |
13 |
The Deluge. Part I. [I with fear and terror quake] |
65 |
The Deluge. Part II. [When I last did bid farewell] |
75 |
The Pestilence. [I’m resolved now to tell] The whole of the above pieces are accompanied on the opposite pages by the original texts from which Borrow translated them. |
85 |
Poem, Relating to the Worship of the great Foutsa or Buddh. [Should I Foutsa’s force and glory] Previously printed in Targum, 1835, p. 13. |
94 |
There is a copy of the First Edition of The Zincali in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 1429.g.14.
The / Bible in Spain; / Or, the / Journeys, Adventures, and Imprisonments / Of an Englishman, / in / An Attempt to Circulate the Scriptures / in / The Peninsula. / By George Borrow, / Author of “The Gypsies of Spain.” / In three volumes. / p. 70Vol. I. [Vol. II, etc.] / London: / John Murray, Albemarle Street. / 1843.
Vol. I.
Collation:—Large duodecimo pp. xxiv + 370; consisting of: Half-title (with imprint “G. Woodfall and Son, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. iii–iv; Contents of Vol. i pp. v–viii; Preface pp. ix–xxiv; and Text pp. 1–370. There are head-lines throughout, each verso being headed The Bible in Spain together with the number of the Chapter, whilst each recto carries at its head a note of the particular subject occupying it, with the Chapter number repeated. The imprint is repeated at the foot of p. 370. The signatures are A to Q (sixteen sheets, each 12 leaves), plus R (a half-sheet of 6 leaves). The last leaf of sig. R carries a series of Advertisements of books published by John Murray.
Vol. II.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. viii + 398; consisting of Half-title (with imprint “G. Woodfall and Son, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. iii–iv; Contents of Vol. ii. pp. v–viii; and Text pp. 1–398. There are headlines throughout, as in the first volume. The imprint is repeated at the foot of p. 398. The signatures are A (four leaves), B to R (sixteen sheets, each 12 leaves), plus S (8 leaves). The last leaf of Sig. R carries a series of Advertisements of books published by John Murray.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. viii + 391; consisting of: Half-title (with imprint “G. Woodfall and Son, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. iii–iv; Contents of Vol iii pp. v–viii; and Text pp. 1–391. There are headlines throughout, as in the two preceding volumes. The reverse of p. 391 is occupied by Advertisements of Romantic Ballads, Targum, and The Zincali. The imprint is repeated at the foot of p. 391. The signatures are a (2 leaves), b (2 leaves), B to R (sixteen sheets, each 12 leaves), plus S (4 leaves).
Issued (in December, 1842) in deep claret-coloured cloth boards, with white paper back-label, lettered “The | Bible | in | Spain | Vol. I. [Vol. II, &c.].” The leaves measure 7¾ × 4¾ inches. The published price was 27s.
Although the title page of the First Edition of The Bible in Spain is dated 1843, there can be no doubt that the book was ready early in the preceding December. I have in my own library a copy, still in the original cloth boards, with the following inscription in Borrow’s handwriting upon the flyleaf:
Autographed presentation copies of Borrow’s books are remarkably few in number, I only know of four, in addition to the above. One of these is preserved in the Borrow Museum, at Norwich.
p. 72Of the First Edition of The Bible in Spain One Thousand Copies were printed. The Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Editions were all published in 1843. By 1896 eighteen authorised editions had made their appearance. Since that date the book has been re-issued in numberless popular editions, and has been translated into various foreign languages.
The following verses made their first appearance in The Bible in Spain:
|
vol. i., page |
Fragment of a Spanish Hymn. [Once of old upon a mountain, shepherds overcome with sleep] |
67 |
Lines from an Eastern Poet. [I’ll weary myself each night and each day] |
149 |
A Gachapla. [I stole a plump and bonny fowl] |
175 |
|
vol. ii., page |
Fragment of a Patriotic Song. [Don Carlos is a hoary churl] |
141 |
Saint James. [Thou shield of that faith which in Spain we revere] A reduced facsimile of the first page of the Manuscript of Saint James will be found facing the present page. |
176 |
Lines. [May the Lord God preserve us from evil birds three] |
310 |
Lines. [A handless man a letter did write] |
312 |
There is a copy of the First Edition of The Bible in Spain in the Library of the British Museum. The press-mark is 1369.f 23.
Art.—Hand-book for Travellers in Spain. London: 2 Vols. / post 8vo. 1845.
p. 77Collation:—Folio, pp. 12. There is no Title-page proper, the title, as above, being imposed upon the upper portion of the first page, after the manner of a ‘dropped head.’ The head-line is Spanish Hand-book throughout, upon both sides of the page. There is no printer’s imprint. There are also no signatures; but the pamphlet is composed of three sheets, each two leaves, making twelve pages in all.
Issued stitched, and without wrappers. The leaves measure 13½ × 8½ inches. The pamphlet is undated. It was printed in 1845.
This Review is unquestionably the rarest of the First Editions of Borrow’s Works. No more than two copies would appear to have been struck off, and both are fortunately extant to-day. One of these was formerly in the possession of Dr. William I. Knapp, and is now the property of the Hispanic Society, of New York. The second example is in my own library. This was Borrow’s own copy, and is freely corrected in his characteristic handwriting. A greatly reduced facsimile of the last page of the pamphlet is given herewith.
In 1845 Richard Ford published his Hand-Book for Travellers in Spain and Readers at Home [2 Vols. 8vo.], a work, the compilation of which is said to have occupied its author for more than sixteen years. In conformity with the wish of Ford (who had himself favourably reviewed The Bible in Spain) Borrow undertook to produce a study of the Hand-Book for The Quarterly Review. The above Essay was the result.
But the Essay, brilliant though it is, was not a ‘Review.’ Not until page 6 is the Hand-Book even mentioned, and but little concerning it appears thereafter. Lockhart, then editing the Quarterly, proposed to render it more suitable for the purpose for which it had been intended by himself interpolating a series p. 78of extracts from Ford’s volumes. But Borrow would tolerate no interference with his work, and promptly withdrew the Essay, which had meanwhile been set up in type. The following letter, addressed by Lockhart to Ford, sufficiently explains the position:
London,
June 13th, 1845.Dear Ford,
‘El Gitano’ sent me a paper on the “Hand-Book” which I read with delight. It seemed just another capital chapter of his “Bible in Spain” and I thought, as there was hardly a word of ‘review,’ and no extract giving the least notion of the peculiar merits and style of the “Hand-Book,” that I could easily (as is my constant custom) supply the humbler part myself, and so present at once a fair review of the work, and a lively specimen of our friend’s vein of eloquence in exordio.
But, behold! he will not allow any tampering . . . . I now write to condole with you; for I am very sensible, after all, that you run a great risk in having your book committed to hands far less competent for treating it or any other book of Spanish interest than Borrow’s would have been . . . and I consider that, after all, in the case of a new author, it is the first duty of the “Quarterly Review” to introduce that author fully and fairly to the public.
Ever Yours Truly,
J. G. Lockhart.“Our author pictures Gibraltar as a human entity thus addressing Spain:
Accursed land! I hate thee, and far from being a defence, will invariably prove a thorn in thy side.
And so on through many sentences of excited rhetoric. Borrow forgot while he wrote that he had a book to review—a book, moreover, issued by the publishing house which issued the periodical in which his review was to appear.”—[George Borrow and his Circle, 1913, p. 257].
p. 81In 1913 Borrow’s Review was reprinted in the following Pamphlet:
A / Supplementary Chapter / to / The Bible in Spain / Inspired by / Ford’s “Handbook for Travellers in Spain.” / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.—Square demy 8vo, pp. 46. [See post, No. 10.]
A / Supplementary Chapter / to / The Bible in Spain / Inspired by / Ford’s “Handbook for Travellers in Spain.” / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 46; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Frontispiece (with blank recto) pp. 3–4; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 5–6; Prefatory Note (signed ‘T. J. W.’) pp. 7–10; and text of the Chapter pp. 11–46. There are head-lines throughout, each verso being headed A Supplementary Chapter, and each recto To the Bible in Spain. Following p. 46 is a leaf, with blank recto, and with the following imprint upon the reverse, “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N. W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A to C (3 sheets, each 8 leaves), inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed p. 82edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8¾ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
The Frontispiece consists of a greatly reduced facsimile of the last page, bearing Borrow’s corrections, of the original edition of his Review of Ford’s ‘Hand-Book.’
This Supplementary Chapter to “The Bible in Spain” is a reprint of the Review of Ford’s Hand-book for Travellers in Spain written by Borrow in 1845 for insertion in The Quarterly Review, but withdrawn by him in consequence of the proposal made by the Editor, John Gibson Lockhart, that he should himself introduce into Borrow’s Essay a series of extracts from the Handbook. [See ante, No. 9.]
Included in the Prefatory Note is the following amusing squib, written by Borrow in 1845, but never printed by him. I chanced to light upon the Manuscript in a packet of his still unpublished verse:
Would it not be more dignified
To run up debts on every side,
And then to pay your debts refuse,
Than write for rascally Reviews?
And lectures give to great and small,
In pot-house, theatre, and town-hall,
Wearing your brains by night and day
To win the means to pay your way?
I vow by him who reigns in [hell],
It would be more respectable!
There is a copy of A Supplementary Chapter to “The Bible in Spain” in the Library of the British Museum. The press-mark is C. 57. d. 19 (2).
Lavengro; / The Scholar—The Gypsy—The Priest. / By George Borrow, / Author of “The Bible in Spain,” and “The Gypsies of Spain” / In Three Volumes.—Vol. I. [Vol. II., &c.] / London: / John Murray, Albemarle Street. / 1851.
Vol. I.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. xviii [85] + 360; consisting of: Half-title (with imprint “London: / George Woodfall and Son, / Angel Court, Skinner Street” upon the centre of the reverse). Pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with Advertisements of The Bible in Spain and The Zincali upon the reverse) pp. iii–iv; Preface pp. v–xii; and Text pp. 1–360. At the foot of p. 360 the imprint is repeated thus, “G. Woodfall and Son, Printers, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London.” There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the number of the chapter, together with the title of the individual subject occupying it. The signatures are A (nine leaves, a single leaf being inserted between A 6 and A 7), and B to Q (fifteen sheets, each 12 leaves).
A Portrait of Borrow, engraved by W. Holl from a painting by H. W. Phillips, serves as Frontispiece.
Vol. II.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. xii + 366; consisting of: Half-title (with imprint “London: / George Woodfall and Son, / Angel Court, Skinner Street” upon the p. 86centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with Advertisements of The Bible in Spain and The Zincali upon the reverse) pp. iii–iv; Contents of Vol. II pp. v–xi; p. xii is blank; and Text pp. 1–366. At the foot of p. 366 the imprint is repeated thus, “G. Woodfall and Son, Printers, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London.” There are head-lines throughout, as in the first volume. The signatures are a (2 leaves), b (4 leaves), B to Q (fifteen sheets, each 12 leaves), plus R (3 leaves).
Vol. III.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. xii + 426; consisting of: Half-title (with imprint “London: / George Woodfall and Son, / Angel Court, Skinner Street” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with Advertisements of The Bible in Spain and The Zincali upon the reverse) pp. iii–iv; Contents of Vol. III pp. v–xi; p. xii is blank; and Text pp. 1–426. At the foot of p. 426 the imprint is repeated thus, “G. Woodfall and Son, Printers, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London.” There are head-lines throughout, as in the first volume. The signatures are a (2 leaves), b (4 leaves), B to S (seventeen sheets, each 12 leaves), T (6 leaves), and U (3 leaves).
Issued in dark blue cloth boards, with white paper back-labels, lettered “Lavengro; / the / Scholar, / the Gypsy, / and / the Priest. / By George Borrow / Vol. i. [Vol. ii., &c.]” The leaves measure 7¾ × 4⅞ inches. The edition consisted of 3,000 Copies. The published price was 30s.
A Second Edition (miscalled Third Edition) was issued in 1872; a Third (miscalled Fourth) in 1888; and a Fourth (miscalled Fifth) in 1896. To the edition of 1872 was prefixed a new p. 87Preface, in which Borrow replied to his critics in a somewhat angry and irritable manner. Copies of the First Edition of Lavengro are to be met with, the three volumes bound in one, in original publishers’ cloth, bearing the name of the firm of Chapman and Hall upon the back. These copies are ‘remainders.’ They were made up in 1870. It is by no means unlikely that in 1872 some confusion prevailed as to the nature of this subsidiary issue, and that it was mistaken for a Second Edition of the book. If so the incorrect numbering of the edition of that date, the actual Second Edition, may be readily accounted for.
An important edition of Lavengro is:
Lavengro / By George Borrow / A New Edition / Containing the unaltered Text of the Original Issue; / some Suppressed Passages now printed for the / first time; MS. Variorum, Vocabulary and Notes / By the Author of / The Life of George Borrow / London / John Murray, Albemarle Street / 1900.—Crown 8vo, pp. xxviii + 569.
The book was reprinted in 1911. The Editor was Dr. William Knapp.
An edition of Lavengro, with a valuable Introduction by Mr. Theodore Watts-Dunton, was published by Messrs. Ward, Lock & Co., in 1893. The work is also included in Everyman’s Library, and in other series of popular reprints.
When put to press in February, 1849, the first volume of Lavengro was set up with the title-page reading as follows:—
Life, A Drama. / By / George Borrow, Esq., / Author of “The Bible in Spain,” etc. / In Three Volumes. / Vol. i. / London: / John Murray, Albemarle Street. / 1849.
Only two examples of the volume with this interesting early title-page are known to have survived. One of these is now in the possession of the Hispanic Society, of New York. The other is the property of Mr. Otto Kyllmann.
Later in the same year Murray advertised the work under the following title:—
p. 88Lavengro, An Autobiography. By George Borrow, Esq., &c.
The same title was employed in the advertisements of 1850.
Mr. Clement Shorter possesses the original draft of the first portion of Lavengro. In this draft the title-page appears in its earliest form, and describes the book as Some Account of the Life, Pursuits, and Adventures of a Norfolk Man. A facsimile of this tentative title was given by Mr. Shorter in George Borrow and his Circle, 1913, p. 280.
“Borrow took many years to write Lavengro. ‘I am writing the work,’ he told Dawson Turner, ‘in precisely the same manner as The Bible in Spain, viz. on blank sheets of old account-books, backs of letters,’ &c., and he recalls Mahomet writing the Koran on mutton bones as an analogy to his own ‘slovenliness of manuscript.’ I have had plenty of opportunity of testing this slovenliness in the collection of manuscripts of portions of Lavengro that have come into my possession. These are written upon pieces of paper of all shapes and sizes, although at least a third of the book in Borrow’s very neat handwriting is contained in a leather notebook. The title-page demonstrates the earliest form of Borrow’s conception. Not only did he then contemplate an undisguised autobiography, but even described himself as ‘a Norfolk man.’ Before the book was finished, however, he repudiated the autobiographical note, and we find him fiercely denouncing his critics for coming to such a conclusion. ‘The writer,’ he declares, ‘never said it was an autobiography; never authorised any person to say it was one.’ Which was doubtless true, in a measure.”—[George Borrow and his Circle, 1913, pp. 279–281].
There is a copy of the First Edition of Lavengro in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 12622. f. 7.
The / Romany Rye; / A Sequel to “Lavengro.” / By George Borrow, / Author of / “The Bible in p. 89Spain,” “The Gypsies of Spain,” etc. / “Fear God, and take your own part.” / In Two Volumes.—Vol. I. [Vol. II.] / London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. / 1857. / [The Right of Translation is reserved.]
Vol. I.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. xii + 372; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with imprint “London: Woodfall and Kinder, Printers, / Angel Court, Skinner Street” at the foot of the reverse) pp. iii–iv; Preface (styled Advertisement) pp. v–vi; Table of Contents pp. vii–xi; Extract from Pleasantries of the Cogia Nasr Eddin Efendi p. xii; and Text pp. 1–372. The head-line is The Romany Rye throughout, upon both sides of the page; each page also bears at its head the number of the particular Chapter occupying it. At the foot of p. 372 the imprint is repeated thus, “Woodfall and Kinder, Printers, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of 6 leaves), B to Q (15 sheets, each 12 leaves), plus R (a half-sheet of 6 leaves).
Vol. II.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. viii + 375 + ix; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with imprint “London: Woodfall and Kinder, Printers, / Angel Court, Skinner Street” at the foot of the reverse) pp. iii–iv; Table of Contents pp. v–vii; p. viii is p. 90blank; and Text pp. 1–375. The reverse of p. 375 is blank. The volume is completed by eight unnumbered pages of Advertisements of Works by the Author of “The Bible in Spain” ready for the Press. There are head-lines throughout; up to, and including, p. 244 the head-line is The Romany Rye, together with the numbers of the Chapters, pp. 245–375 are headed Appendix, accompanied by the numbers of the Chapters. At the foot of the last of the eight unnumbered pages carrying the Advertisements (Sig. R 12 verso) the imprint is repeated thus, “Woodfall and Kinder, Printers, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London.” The signatures are A (four leaves), plus B to R (16 sheets, each 12 leaves).
Issued (on April 30th, 1857) in dark blue cloth boards, with white paper back-labels, lettered “The / Romany Rye. / By / George Borrow. / Vol. I. [Vol. II.]” The leaves measure 7⅞ × 5 inches.
Of the First Edition of The Romany Rye One Thousand Copies were printed. The published price was 21s. A Second Edition was published in 1858, a Third in 1872, a Fourth in 1888, and a Fifth in 1896. The book is included in Everyman’s Library, and in other series of popular reprints.
The series of Advertisements of Works by Borrow, announced as “Ready for the Press,” which occupy the last eight pages of the second volume of The Romany Rye are of especial interest. No less than twelve distinct works are included in these advertisements. Of these twelve The Bible in Spain was already in the hands of the public, Wild Wales duly appeared in 1862, and The Sleeping Bard in 1860. These three were all that Borrow lived to see in print. Two others, The Turkish Jester and The Death of p. 91Balder, were published posthumously in 1884 and 1889 respectively; but the remaining seven, Celtic Bards, Chiefs, and Kings, Songs of Europe, Kœmpe Viser, Penquite and Pentyre, Russian Popular Tales, Northern Skalds, Kings, and Earls, and Bayr Jairgey and Glion Doo: The Red Path and the Black Valley, were never destined to see the light. However, practically the whole of the verse prepared for them was included in the series of Pamphlets which have been printed for private circulation during the past twelve months.
As was the case with Lavengro, Borrow delayed the completion of The Romany Rye to an extent that much disconcerted his publisher, John Murray. The correspondence which passed between author and publisher is given at some length by Dr. Knapp, in whose pages the whole question is fully discussed.
Mr. Shorter presents the matter clearly and fairly in the paragraphs he devotes to the subject:
“The most distinctly English book—at least in a certain absence of cosmopolitanism—that Victorian literature produced was to a great extent written on scraps of paper during a prolonged Continental tour which included Constantinople and Budapest. In Lavengro we have only half a book, the whole work, which included what came to be published as The Romany Rye, having been intended to appear in four volumes. The first volume was written in 1843, the second in 1845, and the third volume in the years between 1845 and 1848. Then in 1852 Borrow wrote out an advertisement of a fourth volume, which runs as follows:
Shortly will be published in one volume. Price 10s. The Rommany Rye, Being the fourth volume of Lavengro. By George Borrow, author of The Bible in Spain.
But this volume did not make an appearance ‘shortly.’ Its author was far too much offended with the critics, too disheartened it may be, to care to offer himself again for their gibes. The years rolled on, and not until 1857 did The Romany Rye appear. The book was now in two volumes, and we see that the word Romany had dropped an m. . . .
The incidents of Lavengro are supposed to have taken place p. 92between the 24th of May 1825, and the 18th of July of that year. In The Romany Rye the incidents apparently occur between the 19th of July and the 3rd of August 1825. In the opinion of Mr. John Sampson, the whole of the episodes in the five volumes occurred in seventy-two days.”—[George Borrow and his Circle, 1913, pp. 341–343.]
A useful edition of The Romany Rye is:
The Romany Rye / A Sequel to “Lavengro” / By George Borrow / A New Edition / Containing the unaltered text of the Original / Issue, with Notes, etc., by the Author of / “The Life of George Borrow” / London / John Murray, Albemarle Street / 1900.—Crown 8vo. pp. xvi + 403.
The book was edited by Dr. William Knapp.
There is a copy of the First Edition of The Romany Rye in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 12622. f. 8.
The Sleeping Bard; / Or / Visions of the World, Death, and Hell, / By / Elis Wyn. / Translated from the Cambrian British / By / George Borrow, / Author of/ “The Bible in Spain,” “The Gypsies of Spain,” etc. / London: / John Murray, Albemarle Street. / 1860.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. x + 128; consisting of: Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. i–ii; Preface pp. iii–vii; p. viii is blank; Fly-title to A Vision of the Course of the World (with blank reverse) pp. ix-x; and Text of the three Visions pp. p. 931–128. There are head-lines throughout, each double-page being headed with the title of the particular Vision occupying it. A Vision of Hell is preceded by a separate Fly-title (pp. 67–68) with blank reverse. At the foot of p. 128 is the following imprint, “James M. Denew, Printer, 72, Hall Plain, Great Yarmouth.” The sheets carry no register. The book was issued without any Half-title. In some copies the Christian name of the printer is misprinted Jamms.
Issued (in June, 1860) in magenta coloured cloth boards, lettered in gold along the back, “The Sleeping Bard,” and “London / John Murray” across the foot. The published price was 5s.; 250 copies were printed. Murray’s connection with the work was nominal. The book was actually issued at Yarmouth by J. M. Denew, the printer by whom it was produced. The cost was borne by the author himself, to whom the majority of the copies were ultimately delivered.
Some few copies of The Sleeping Bard would appear to have been put up in yellowish-brown plain paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges. One such example is in the possession of Mr. Paul Lemperley, of Cleveland, Ohio; a second is in the library of Mr. Clement Shorter. The leaves of both these copies measure 8¾ × 5¾ inches. The leaves of ordinary copies in cloth measure 7½ × 4¾ inches. The translation was made in 1830.
The text of The Sleeping Bard is divided into three sections. Each of these sections closes with a poem of some length, as follows:—
There is a copy of the First Edition of The Sleeping Bard in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 12355. c. 17.
Wild Wales: / Its People, Language, and Scenery. / By George Borrow, / Author of “The Bible in Spain,” etc. / “Their Lord they shall praise, / Their language they shall keep, / Their land they shall lose, / Except Wild Wales.” / Taliesin: Destiny of the Britons. / In Three Volumes.—Vol. I. [Vol. II, &c.] / London: / John Murray, Albemarle Street. / 1862. / The right of Translation is reserved.
Vol. I.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. xii + 410; consisting of: Half-title (with advertisements of five of p. 95Borrow’s Works upon the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with imprint “London: / Printed by Woodfall and Kinder, / Angel Court, Skinner Street” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. iii–iv; Notice regarding the previous appearance of a portion of the work in The Quarterly Review (with blank reverse) pp. v–vi; Contents of Vol. I pp. vii–xi; p. xii is blank; and Text pp. 1–410. There are head-lines throughout, each verso being headed Wild Wales, whilst each recto is headed with the title of the particular subject occupying it. At the foot of p. 410 the imprint is repeated thus: “Woodfall and Kinder, Printers, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of 6 leaves), B to S (17 sheets, each 12 leaves), plus T (2 leaves). The second leaf of Sig. T is a blank.
Vol. II.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. viii + 413; consisting of: Title-page, as above (with imprint “London: / Printed by Woodfall and Kinder, / Angel Court, Skinner Street” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Contents of Vol. II pp. v–vii; p. viii is blank; and Text pp. 1–413. The reverse of p. 413 is blank. There are head-lines throughout, as in the first volume. At the foot of p. 413 the imprint is repeated thus, “Woodfall and Kinder, Printers, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London.” The signatures are A (4 leaves), B to S (17 sheets, each 12 leaves), plus T (4 leaves). The last leaf of Sig. T is a blank. The volume was issued without any Half-title.
Collation:—Large duodecimo, pp. viii + 474; consisting of: Title-page, as above (with imprint “London: / Printed by Woodfall and Kinder, / Angel Court, Skinner Street” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Contents of Vol. III pp. iii–viii; and Text pp. 1–474. There are head-lines throughout, as in the first volume. At the foot of p. 474 the imprint is repeated thus, “Woodfall and Kinder, Printers, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London.” The signatures are A (8 leaves), B to U (18 sheets, each 12 leaves), plus X (10 leaves). The last leaf of Sig. H is a blank. The volume was issued without any Half-title.
Issued (in December, 1862) in dark green cloth boards, with white paper back-label, lettered “Wild Wales. / By / George Borrow. / Vol. I [Vol. ii, &c.].” The leaves measure 7⅝ × 4⅞ inches. The published price was 30s.; 1,000 copies were printed.
A Second Edition of Wild Wales was issued in 1865, a Third Edition in 1888, and a Fourth Edition in 1896. The book has since been included in divers series of non-copyright works.
The following Poems made their first appearance in the pages of Wild Wales:
There is a copy of the First Edition of Wild Wales in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 10369. e. 12.
Romano Lavo-Lil: / Word-Book of the Romany; / or, / English Gypsy Language. / With many pieces p. 104in Gypsy, illustrative of the way of / Speaking and Thinking of the English Gypsies; / with Specimens of their Poetry, and an account of certain Gypsyries / or Places Inhabited by them, and of various things / relating to Gypsy Life in England. / By George Borrow, / Author of “Lavengro,” “The Romany Rye,” “The Gypsies of Spain,” / “The Bible in Spain,” etc. / “Can you rokra Romany? / Can you play the bosh? / Can you jal adrey the staripen? / Can you chin the cost?” / “Can you speak the Roman tongue? / Can you play the fiddle? / Can you eat the prison-loaf? / Can you cut and whittle? / London: / John Murray, Albemarle Street. / 1874.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. viii + 331; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with imprint “London: / Printed by William Clowes and Sons, / Stamford Street and Charing Cross” upon the centre of the reverse) pp. iii–iv; Prefatory Note regarding the Vocabulary p. v; Advertisements of five Works of George Borrow p. vi; Table of Contents pp. vii–viii; and Text pp. 1–331, including Fly-titles (each with blank reverse) to each section of the book. The reverse of p. 331 is blank. At the foot of p. 331 the imprint is repeated thus, “London: Printed by Wm. Clowes and Sons, Stamford Street / and Charing Cross.” There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular subject occupying it. The signatures, p. 105are A (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), B to X (20 sheets, each 8 leaves), Y (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), and Z (a quarter-sheet of 2 leaves).
Issued in dark blue cloth boards, with white paper back-label, lettered “Romano Lavo-Lil; / Word-Book / of / The Romany. / By / George Borrow.” The leaves measure 7¾ × 4⅞ inches. The published price was 10s. 6d.
One Thousand Copies were printed.
The book was set up in type towards the end of 1873, and published early in 1874. Proof-sheets still exist bearing the earlier date upon the title-page.
A considerable amount of Verse by Borrow made its first appearance in the pages of Romano Lavo-Lil, as detailed in the following list:
Contents
Upon page 122 of Romano Lavo-Lil, is printed a version of The Lord’s Prayer cast into Romany by Borrow. The original Manuscript of this translation has survived, and its text presents some curious variations from the published version. A reduced facsimile of this Manuscript serves as Frontispiece to the present Bibliography.
Accompanying the Manuscript of The Lord’s Prayer in Romany, is the Manuscript of a translation made by Borrow into the dialect of the English Gypsies. This translation has never, so far as I am aware, appeared in print. It is an interesting document, and well worthy of preservation. A reduced facsimile of it will be found facing the present page.
p. 110A Second Edition of Romano Lavo-Lil was issued by the same publisher, John Murray, in 1888, and a Third in 1905.
There is a copy of the First Edition of Romano Lavo-Lil in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 2278. c. 15.
The Turkish Jester; / Or, / The Pleasantries / of / Cogia Nasr Eddin Effendi. / Translated from the Turkish / By / George Borrow. / Ipswich: / W. Webber, Dial Lane. / 1884.
Collation:—Crown octavo, printed in half-sheets, pp. ii + 52; consisting of: Title-page, as above (with Certificate of Issue upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; and Text pp. 1–52. There are no head-lines, the pages being numbered centrally. The book is made up in a somewhat unusual manner, each half-sheet having a separately printed quarter-sheet of two leaves imposed within it. The register is therefore B to E (four sections, each 6 leaves), plus F (2 leaves), the whole preceded by two leaves, one of which is blank, whilst the other carries the Title-page. There is no printer’s imprint. The book was issued without any Half-title. The title is enclosed within a single rectangular ruled frame.
Issued in cream-coloured paper wrappers, with the title-page reproduced upon the front, but reset in types of different character, and without the ruled frame, and with the imprint reading High Street in place of Dial Lane. p. 111Inside the front cover the Certificate of Issue is repeated. The leaves measure 7¾ × 5 inches. The edition consisted of One Hundred and Fifty Copies. The published price was 7s. 6d.
The Manuscript of The Turkish Jester was formerly owned by Dr. Knapp, and is now the property of the Hispanic Society, of New York. It extends to 71 pages 4to. The translation was probably made about 1854, at the time when Borrow was at work upon his Songs of Europe. In 1857, the book was included among the Advertisements appended to the second volume of The Romany Rye.
There is a copy of the First Edition of The Turkish Jester in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 758. b. 16.
The / Death of Balder / From the Danish / of / Johannes Ewald / (1773) / Translated by / George Borrow / Author of “Bible in Spain,” “Lavengro,” “Wild Wales,” etc. / London / Jarrold & Sons, 3 Paternoster Buildings, E.C. / 1889 / All Rights Reserved.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. viii + 77; consisting of: Half-title (with Certificate of Issue upon the centre of the reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. iii–iv; Preface and List of The Persons (each with blank reverse) pp. v–viii; and Text pp. 1–77. The reverse of p. 77 is blank. The head-line is Death of Balder throughout, upon both sides of the page. At the foot of p. 77 is the following p. 112imprint, “Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co. / London and Edinburgh.” The signatures are A (4 leaves), and B to F (5 sheets, each 8 leaves). Sig. F 8 is a blank.
Issued in dark brown ‘diced’ cloth boards, with white paper back-label. The leaves measure 7¾ × 5 inches. Two Hundred and Fifty Copies were printed. The published price was 7s. 6d.
The Death of Balder was written in 1829, the year during which Borrow produced so many of his ballad translations, the year in which he made his fruitless effort to obtain subscribers for his Songs of Scandinavia. On December 6th of that year he wrote to Dr. [afterwards Sir] John Bowring:
“I wish to shew you my translation of The Death of Balder, Ewald’s most celebrated production, which, if you approve of, you will perhaps render me some assistance in bringing forth, for I don’t know many publishers. I think this will be a proper time to introduce it to the British public, as your account of Danish literature will doubtless cause a sensation.”
Evidently no publisher was forthcoming, for the work remained in manuscript until 1889, when, eight years after Borrow’s death, Messrs. Jarrold & Sons gave it to the world. In 1857 Borrow included the Tragedy among the series of Works advertised as “ready for the Press” at the end of the second volume of The Romany Rye. It was there described as “A Heroic Play.”
Although published only in 1889, The Death of Balder was actually set up in type three years earlier. It had been intended that the book should have been issued in London by Messrs. Reeves & Turner, and proof-sheets exist carrying upon the title-page the name of that firm as publishers, and bearing the date 1886. It would appear that Mr. W. Webber, a bookseller of Ipswich, who then owned the Manuscript, had at first contemplated issuing the book through Messrs. Reeves & Turner. But at this p. 113juncture he entered into the employment of Messrs. Jarrold & Sons, and consequently the books was finally brought out by that firm. The types were not reset, but were kept standing during the interval.
Another version of the song of The Three Valkyrier, which appears in The Death of Balder, pp. 53–54, was printed in Marsk Stig’s Daughters and Other Songs and Ballads, 1913, pp. 19–20. The text of the two versions differs entirely, in addition to which the 1913 version forms one complete single song, whilst in that of 1889 the lines are divided up between the several characters.
The Manuscript of The Death of Balder, referred to above, passed into the hands of Dr. Knapp, and is now in the possession of the Hispanic Society, of New York. It consists of 97 pages 4to. A transcript in the handwriting of Mrs. Borrow is also the property of the Society.
There is a copy of the First Edition of The Death of Balder in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 11755. f 9.
Letters of / George Borrow / To the British and Foreign / Bible Society / Published by Direction of the Committee / Edited by / T. H. Darlow / Hodder and Stoughton / London New York Toronto / 1911.
Collation:—Octavo, pp. xviii + 471; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. i–ii; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. iii–iv; Dedication To Williamson Lamplough (with blank reverse) pp. v–vi; Preface vii–xi; Note regarding “the officials of the Bible Society with whom Borrow came into close p. 114relationship” pp. xi–xii; List of Borrow’s Letters, etc., printed in this Volume pp. xiii–xvii; chronological Outline of Borrow’s career p. xviii; and Text of the Letters, &c., pp. 1–471. There are head-lines throughout, each verso being headed George Borrow’s Letters, and each recto To the Bible Society. Upon the reverse of p. 471 is the following imprint “Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty / at the Edinburgh University Press.” The signatures are a (one sheet of 8 leaves), b (a quarter-sheet of 2 leaves), A to 2 F (29 sheets, each 8 leaves) plus 2 G (a half-sheet of 4 leaves). Sig. a 1 is a blank. A facsimile of one of the Letters included in the volume is inserted as Frontispiece.
Issued in dark crimson buckram, with paper sides, lettered in gold across the back, “Letters of / George / Borrow / To the / Bible Society / Edited by / T. H. Darlow / Hodder & / Stoughton.” The leaves measure 8⅜ × 5⅞ inches. The published price was 7s. 6d.
“When Borrow set about preparing The Bible in Spain, he obtained from the Committee of the Bible Society the loan of the letters which are here published, and introduced considerable portions of them into that most picturesque and popular of his works. Perhaps one-third of the contents of the present volume was utilised in this way, being more or less altered and edited by Borrow for the purpose.”—[Preface, pp. ix-x].
The holographs of the complete series of Letters included in this volume are preserved in the archives of the British and Foreign Bible Society.
There is a copy of Letters of George Borrow to the British and Foreign Bible Society in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is 010902.e.10.
Letters / To his Wife / Mary Borrow / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 38; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse), pp. 3–4; and Text of the Letters pp. 5–38. The head-line is Letters to His Wife throughout, upon both sides of the page. Following p. 38 is a leaf, with blank reverse, and with the following imprint upon its recto, “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half sheet of 4 leaves), plus B and C (2 sheets, each 8 leaves), inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 7½ × 5 inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Holograph Letters by Borrow are extremely uncommon, the number known to be extant being far less than one might have supposed would be the case, considering the good age to which Borrow attained. His correspondents were few, and, save to the officials of the Bible Society, he was not a diligent letter-writer. The holographs of this series of letters addressed to his wife are in my own collection of Borroviana.
The majority of the letters included in this volume were reprinted p. 116in George Borrow and his Circle. By Clement King Shorter, 8vo, 1913.
There is a copy of Letters to his Wife, Mary Borrow, in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 32.
Marsk Stig / A Ballad / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 40; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballad pp. 5–40. The head-line is Marsk Stig throughout, upon both sides of the page. At the foot of p. 40 is the following imprint, “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), plus B and C (2 sheets, each 8 leaves), inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 7½ × 5 inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Marsk Stig consists of four separate Ballads, or Songs as Borrow styled them, the whole forming one complete and connected story. The plot is an old Danish legend of the same character as the history of David and Bathsheba, Marsk Stig himself being the counterpart of Uriah the Hittite.
p. 121The four Songs commence as follows:—
|
page |
1. Marsk Stig he out of the country rode |
5 |
2. Marsk Stig he woke at black midnight, |
15 |
3. There’s many I ween in Denmark
green |
23 |
4. There were seven and seven times twenty |
34 |
Marsk Stig was one of the ballads prepared by Borrow for The Songs of Scandinavia in 1829, and revised for the Kœmpe Viser in 1854. Both Manuscripts are extant, and I give reproductions of a page of each. It will be observed that upon the margins of the earlier Manuscript Borrow wrote his revisions, so that this Manuscript practically carries in itself both versions of the ballad. The Manuscript of 1829 is in the possession of Mr. J. H. Spoor, of Chicago. The Manuscript of 1854 is in my own library. As a specimen of Marsk Stig I quote the following stanzas:
It was the young and bold Marsk Stig
Came riding into the Castle yard,
Abroad did stand the King of the land
So fair array’d in sable and mard.“Now lend an ear, young Marshal Stig,
I have for thee a fair emprise,
Ride thou this year to the war and bear
My flag amongst my enemies.”“And if I shall fare to the war this year,
And risk my life among thy foes,
Do thou take care of my Lady dear,
Of Ingeborg, that beauteous rose.”p. 122Then answer’d Erik, the youthful King,
With a laugh in his sleeve thus answered he:
“No more I swear has thy lady to fear
Than if my sister dear were she.”It was then the bold Sir Marshal Stig,
From out of the country he did depart,
In her castle sate his lonely mate,
Fair Ingeborg, with grief at heart.“Now saddle my steed,” cried Eric the King,
“Now saddle my steed,” King Eric cried,
“To visit the Dame of beauteous fame
Your King will into the country ride.”* * * * *
“Now list, now list, Dame Ingeborg,
Thou art, I swear, a beauteous star,
Live thou with me in love and glee,
Whilst Marshal Stig is engag’d in war.”Then up and spake Dame Ingeborg,
For nought was she but a virtuous wife:
“Rather, I say, than Stig betray,
Sir King, I’d gladly lose my life.”“Give ear, thou proud Dame Ingeborg,
If thou my leman and love will be,
Each finger fair of thy hand shall bear
A ring of gold so red of blee.”“Marsk Stig has given gold rings to me,
And pearls around my neck to string;
By the Saints above I never will prove
Untrue to the Marshal’s couch, Sir King.”* * * * *
p. 127It was Erik the Danish King,
A damnable deed the King he wrought;
He forc’d with might that Lady bright,
Whilst her good Lord his battles fought.* * * * *
It was the young Sir Marshal Stig
Stepp’d proudly in at the lofty door;
And bold knights then, and bold knight’s men,
Stood up the Marshal Stig before.So up to the King of the land he goes,
And straight to make his plaint began;
Then murmured loud the assembled crowd,
And clench’d his fist each honest man.“Ye good men hear a tale of fear,
A tale of horror, a tale of hell—&c., &c.
There is a copy of Marsk Stig A Ballad in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Serpent Knight / and / Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 35; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; Table of Contents (with blank reverse) pp. 5–6; and Text of the Ballads pp. 7–35. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 35 is the following imprint: “London: / p. 128Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to thirty copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), plus B & C (two sheets, each eight leaves), inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
The complete Manuscript of The Serpent Knight and Other Ballads is in my own collection of Borroviana.
There is a copy of The Serpent Knight and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The King’s Wake / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 23; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–23. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 23 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of four leaves), with B (a full sheet of eight leaves) inset within it.
p. 132Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
The King’s Wake. [To-night is the night that the wake they hold] An early draft of this ballad has the title The Watchnight. |
5 |
Swayne Felding. [Swayne Felding sits at Helsingborg] Of Swayne Felding two Manuscripts are extant. One, originally destined for The Songs of Scandinavia, is written upon white paper water-marked with the date 1828. The other, written upon blue paper, was prepared for the Kœmpe Viser of 1854. In the earlier MS. the ballad bears the title Swayne Felding’s Combat with the Giant; the later MS. is entitled Swayne Felding only. The texts of the two MSS. differ widely. |
10 |
Innocence Defamed. [Misfortune comes to every door] The heroic ballads included in these collections are all far too long to admit of any one of them being given in full. As an example of the shorter ballads I quote the title-poem of the present pamphlet, The King’s Wake:
|
20 |
There is a copy of The King’s Wake and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Dalby Bear / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 20; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–20. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of p. 140the particular Ballad occupying it. At the foot of p. 20 is the following imprint: “London / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), with B (a full sheet of 8 leaves) inset within it.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
The Dalby Bear. [There goes a bear on Dalby moors] |
5 |
Tygge Hermandsen. [Down o’er the isle in torrents fell] The ballad was printed from a Manuscript written in 1854. I give a reduced facsimile of a page of an earlier Manuscript written in 1830. |
9 |
The Wicked Stepmother. [Sir Ove he has no daughter but one] This ballad should be read in conjunction with The Wicked Stepmother, No. ii, printed in Young Swaigder or The Force of Runes and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 23–37. |
14 |
The complete Manuscript of The Dalby Bear and Other Ballads is in the library of Mr. Clement Shorter.
There is a copy of The Dalby Bear and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The / Mermaid’s Prophecy / and other / Songs relating to Queen Dagmar / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
p. 143Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 30; consisting of Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Songs pp. 5–30. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Song occupying it. Following p. 30 is a leaf, with a notice regarding the American copyright upon the reverse, and with the following imprint upon its recto: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A and B (two sheets, each eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8¾ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Songs relating to Queen Dagmar: |
|
I. King Valdemar’s Wooing. [Valdemar King and Sir Strange bold] |
5 |
II. Queen Dagmar’s Arrival in Denmark. [It was Bohemia’s Queen began] |
14 |
III. The Mermaid’s Prophecy. [The King he has caught the fair mermaid, and deep] |
19 |
Rosmer. [Buckshank bold and Elfinstone] This ballad should be read in conjunction with Rosmer Mereman, printed in Young Swaigder or The Force of Runes and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 16–22. |
25 |
Of The Mermaid’s Prophecy there are two Manuscripts extant. In the earlier of these, written in 1829, the Poem is entitled The Mermaid’s Prophecy. In the later Manuscript, written apparently p. 144about the year 1854, it is entitled The Mermaid only. From this later Manuscript the Poem was printed in the present volume.
Unlike the majority of Borrow’s Manuscripts, which usually exhibit extreme differences of text when two holographs exist of the same Poem, the texts of the two versions of The Mermaid’s Prophecy are practically identical, the opening stanza alone presenting any important variation. Here are the two versions of this stanza:
1829
The Dane King had the Mermaiden caught by his swains,
The mermaid dances the floor upon—
And her in the tower had loaded with chains,
Because his will she had not done.1854
The King he has caught the fair mermaid, and deep
(The mermaid dances the floor upon)
In the dungeon has placed her, to pine and to weep,
Because his will she had not done.
There is a copy of The Mermaid’s Prophecy and other Songs relating to Queen Dagmar in the Library of the British Museum. The Press mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Hafbur and Signe / A Ballad / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 23; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text p. 147of the Ballad pp. 5–23. The head-line is Hafbur and Signe throughout, upon both sides of the page. Upon the reverse of p. 23 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of four leaves), with B (a full sheet of eight leaves) inset within it.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Hafbur and Signe. [Young Hafbur King and Sivard King They lived in bitter enmity] |
5 |
Of Hafbur and Signe two Manuscripts are extant. The first of these was doubtless written in the early summer of 1830, for on June 1st of that year Borrow wrote to Dr. Bowring:
I send you “Hafbur and Signe” to deposit in the Scandinavian Treasury [i.e. among the Songs of Scandinavia].
The later Manuscript was written in or about the year 1854.
The earlier of these two Manuscripts is in the collection of Mr. Herbert T. Butler. The later Manuscript is in my own library.
As is usually the case when two Manuscripts of one of Borrow’s ballads are available, the difference in poetical value of the two versions of Hafbur and Signe is considerably. Few examples could exhibit more distinctly the advance made by Borrow in the art of poetical composition during the interval. Here are some stanzas from the version of 1854.
p. 148So late it was at nightly tide,
Down fell the dew o’er hill and mead;
Then lists it her proud Signild fair
With all the rest to bed to speed.“O where shall I a bed procure?”
Said Hafbur then, the King’s good son.
“O thou shalt rest in chamber best
With me the bolsters blue upon.”Proud Signild foremost went, and stepped
The threshold of her chamber o’er;
With secret glee came Hafbur, he
Had never been so glad before.Then lighted they the waxen lights,
So fairly twisted were the same.
Behind, behind, with ill at mind,
The wicked servant maiden came
The following are the parallel stanzas from the version of 1830
So late it was in the nightly tide,
Dew fell o’er hill and mead;
Then listed her proud Signild fair
With the rest to bed to speed.“O where shall I a bed procure?”
Said Hafbour the King’s good son.
“In the chamber best with me thou shalt rest,
The bolsters blue upon.”Proud Signild foremost went and stepp’d
The high chamber’s threshold o’er,
Prince Hafbour came after with secret laughter,
He’d ne’er been delighted morep. 153Then lighted they the waxen lights,
Fair twisted were the same.
Behind, behind with ill in her mind
The wicked servant came.
I give herewith a reduced facsimile of the last page of each Manuscript.
There is a copy of Hafbur and Signe A Ballad in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Story / of / Yvashka with the Bear’s Ear / Translated from the Russian / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 23; consisting of: Half title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Frontispiece (with blank recto) pp. 3–4; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 5–6; Introduction (by Borrow) pp. 7–10; and Text of the Story pp. 11–23. The head-line is Yvashka with the Bears Ear throughout, upon both sides of the page. Upon the reverse of p. 23 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N. W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half sheet of 4 leaves), and B (a full sheet of 8 leaves), the one inset within the other. p. 154The Frontispiece consists of a reduced facsimile of the first page of the original Manuscript in Borrow’s handwriting.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
The Story of Yvashka was the second of three Russian Popular Tales, which were contributed by Borrow to the pages of Once a Week during 1862. The Story of Yvashka appeared in the number for May 17th, 1862, Vol. vi, pp. 572–574.
The Story was reprinted in The Sphere, Feb. 1st, 1913, p. 136.
The Text of Yvashka as printed in Once a Week differs appreciably from that printed in The Sphere, and in the private pamphlet of 1913, both of which are identical. The Manuscript from which the two latter versions were taken was the original translation. The version which appeared in Once a Week was printed from a fresh Manuscript (which fills 11 quarto pages) prepared in 1862. A reduced facsimile of the first page of the earlier Manuscript (which extends to 5⅛ quarto pages) will be found reproduced upon the opposite page. In this Manuscript the story is entitled The History of Jack with the Bear’s Ear.
Judging from the appearance of this MS., both paper and handwriting, together with that of fragments which remain of the original MSS. of the other two published Tales, it seems probable that the whole were produced by Borrow during his residence in St. Petersburg. Should such surmise be correct, the Tales are contemporary with Targum.
The Once a Week version of The Story of Yvashka was reprinted in The Avon Booklet, Vol. ii, 1904, pp. 199–210.
There is a copy of The Story of Yvashka in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 37.
The Verner Raven / The Count of Vendel’s / Daughter / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4, and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–27. There are headlines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint: “London / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of 2 leaves), B (a half sheet of 4 leaves), and C (a full sheet of 8 leaves), all inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
The Manuscript of The Count of Vendel’s Daughter is included in the extensive collection of Borroviana belonging to Mr. F. J. Farrell, of Great Yarmouth.
There is a copy of The Verner Raven, The Count of Vendel’s Daughter, and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The / Return of the Dead / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 22; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–22. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Following p. 22 is a leaf, with blank reverse, and with the following imprint upon its recto: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of four leaves), with B (a full sheet of eight leaves), inset within it.
p. 161Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
The Return of the Dead. [Swayne Dyring o’er to the island strayed] |
5 |
The Transformed Damsel. [I take my axe upon my back] |
13 |
The Forced Consent. [Within her own fair castelaye] |
15 |
Ingeborg’s Disguise. [Such handsome court clothes the proud Ingeborg buys] |
19 |
Song. [I’ve pleasure not a little] |
22 |
As a further example of Borrow’s shorter Ballads, I give Ingeborg’s Disguise in full. The entire series included in The Return of the Dead and Other Ballads ranks among the most uniformly successful of Borrow’s achievements in this particular branch of literature:—
INGEBORG’S DISGUISE [161]
Such handsome court clothes the proud Ingeborg buys,
Says she, “I’ll myself as a courtier disguise.”Proud Ingeborg hastens her steed to bestride,
Says she, “I’ll away with the King to reside.”“Thou gallant young King to my speech lend an ear,
Hast thou any need of my services here?”“O yes, my sweet lad, of a horseboy I’ve need,
If there were but stable room here for his steed.p. 162“But thy steed in the stall with my own can be tied,
And thou ’neath the linen shalt sleep by my side.”Three years in the palate good service she wrought
That she was a woman no one ever thought.She filled for three years of a horse-boy the place,
And the steeds of the monarch she drove out to graze.She led for three years the King’s steeds to the brook,
For else than a youth no one Ingeborg took.Proud Ingeborg knows how to make the dames gay,
She also can sing in such ravishing way.The hair on her head is like yellow spun gold,
To her beauty the heart of the prince was not cold.But at length up and down in the palace she strayed,
Her colour and hair began swiftly to fade.What eye has seen ever so wondrous a case?
The boy his own spurs to his heel cannot brace.The horse-boy is brought to so wondrous a plight,
To draw his own weapon he has not the might.The son of the King to five damsels now sends,
And Ingeborg fair to their care he commends.Proud Ingeborg took they and wrapped in their weed,
And to the stone chamber with her they proceed.Upon the blue cushions they Ingeborg laid,
Where light of two beautiful sons she is made.Then in came the prince, smiled the babies to view:
“’Tis not every horse-boy can bear such a two.”p. 165He patted her soft on her cheek sleek and fair:
“Forget my heart’s dearest all sorrow and care.”He placed the gold crown on her temples I ween:
“With me shalt thou live as my wife and my Queen.”
The complete Manuscript of The Return of the Dead and Other Ballads is in my own library.
There is a copy of The Return of the Dead and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C.44.d.38.
Axel Thordson / and Fair Valborg / A Ballad / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 45; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a notice regarding the American copyright upon the reverse) pp. 3–4; and text of the Ballad pp. 5–45. The head-line is Axel Thordson and Fair Valborg throughout, upon both sides of the page. Upon the reverse of p. 45 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A to C (Three sheets, each eight leaves) inset within each other. The last leaf of Sig. C is a blank.
p. 166Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Axel Thordson and Fair Valborg. [At the wide board at tables play] |
5 |
In some respects Axel Thordson and Fair Valborg is the most ambitious of Borrow’s Ballads. It is considerably the longest, unless we regard the four “Songs” of which Marsk Stig is comprised as forming one complete poem. But it is by no means the most successful; indeed it is invariably in his shorter Ballads that we find Borrow obtaining the happiest result.
Two Manuscripts of Axel Thordson and Fair Valborg are available. The first was prepared in 1829 for the Songs of Scandinavia. The second was revised in 1854 for the Kœmpe Viser. This later Manuscript is in my own possession. I give herewith a reduced facsimile of one of its pages.
There is a copy of Axel Thordson and Fair Valborg in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C.44.d.38.
King Hacon’s Death / and / Bran and the Black Dog / Two Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 14; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as p. 169above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Two Ballads pp. 5–14. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Following p. 14 is a leaf, with blank reverse, and with the following imprint upon its recto, “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” There are no signatures, the pamphlet being composed of a single sheet, folded to form sixteen pages.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 7½ × 5 inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
There is a copy of King Hacon’s Death and Bran and the Black Dog in the Library of the British Museum. The Pressmark is C. 44. d. 38.
Marsk Stig’s / Daughters / and other / Songs and Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 21; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse), pp. 1–2; Title-page, as p. 173above (with blank reverse), pp. 3–4; Table of Contents, pp. 5–6; and Text of the Songs and Ballads, pp. 7–21. The reverse of p. 21 is blank. The head-line is Songs and Ballads throughout, upon both sides of the page. The pamphlet concludes with a leaf, with blank reverse, and with the following imprint upon its recto: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” There are no signatures, but the pamphlet consists of a half-sheet (of four leaves), with a full sheet (of eight leaves) inset within it.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 7½ × 5 inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of Marsk Stig’s Daughters and other Songs and Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Tale of Brynild / and / King Valdemar and his Sister / Two Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
p. 178Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 35; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page as above (with a notice regarding the American copyright upon the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–35. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 35 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), and B and C (two sheets, each eight leaves), each inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
The Tale of Brynild. [Sivard he a colt has got] Of The Tale of Brynild, two manuscripts are extant, written in 1829 and 1854 respectively. The text of the latter, from which the ballad was printed in the present pamphlet, is immeasurably the superior. |
5 |
King Valdemar and his sister. [See, see, with Queen Sophy sits Valdemar bold] |
13 |
Mirror of Cintra. [Tiny fields in charming order] |
34 |
The Harp. [The harp to everyone is dear] |
35 |
There can be little doubt that the series of poems included in this volume present Borrow at his best as a writer of Ballads.
There is a copy of The Tale of Brynild and King Valdemar and his Sister in the Library of the British Museum. The Pressmark is C. 44. d. 38.
Proud Signild / and / Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation: Square demy octavo, pp. 28; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a notice regarding the American copyright upon the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–28. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. At the foot of p. 28 is the following imprint: “London: Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (six leaves), and B (a full sheet of eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
There is a copy of Proud Signild and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Ulf Van Yern / and / Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page (with notice regarding the American copyright upon the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–27. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for p. 187Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), B (a half-sheet of four leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), all inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Ulf Van Yern. [It was youthful Ulf Van Yern] This ballad was here printed from the Manuscript prepared for the projected Kœmpe Viser of 1854. In the MS of 1829 the ballad is entitled Ulf Van Yern and Vidrik Verlandson. The texts of the two versions differ widely in almost every stanza. |
5 |
The Chosen Knight. [Sir Oluf rode forth over hill and lea] |
16 |
Sir Swerkel. [There’s a dance in the hall of Sir Swerkel the Childe] |
19 |
Finn and the Damsel, or The Trial of Wits. [“What’s rifer than leaves?” Finn cried] |
23 |
Epigrams by Carolan: |
|
1. On Friars. [Would’st thou on good terms with friars live] |
26 |
2. On a surly Butler, who had refused him admission to the cellar. [O Dermod Flynn it grieveth me] |
26 |
Lines. [How deadly the blow I received] The last four lines of this Poem had already served (but with a widely different text) as the last four lines of the Ode from the Gaelic, printed in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp 142–143. |
27 |
There is a copy of Ulf Van Yern and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Ellen of Villenskov / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 22; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–22. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Following p. 22 is a leaf, with blank reverse, and with the following imprint upon its recto: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of four leaves), with B (a full sheet of eight leaves) inset within it.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
The Manuscripts of the poems included in Ellen of Villenskov and Other Ballads are in the Library of Mr. Clement K. Shorter.
There is a copy of Ellen of Villenskov and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Songs of Ranild / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 26; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Poems pp. 5–26. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular poem occupying it. Following p. 26 is a leaf, with a notice regarding the American copyright upon the reverse, and with the following imprint upon its recto: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (six leaves), and B (a full sheet of eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
p. 192Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
The Songs of Ranild: |
|
Song the First. [Up Riber’s street the dance they ply] |
5 |
Song the Second. [To saddle his courser Ranild cried] |
10 |
Song the Third. [So wide around the tidings bound] |
13 |
Child Stig and Child Findal. [Child Stig and Child Findal two brothers were they] The Songs of Ranild were first written in 1826, and were finally prepared for press in 1854. I give herewith, facing p. 191, a facsimile, the exact size of the original, of the first page of the first draft of Song the Third. The complete MS. from which these four Ballads were printed is in the Library of Mr. J. A. Spoor, of Chicago. |
17 |
There is a copy of The Songs of Ranild in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Niels Ebbesen / and / Germand Gladenswayne / Two Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 32; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page as above (with notice regarding the American copyright upon the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–32. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. At the foot of p. 32 p. 195is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A and B (two sheets, each eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Niels Ebbesen. [All his men the Count collects] |
5 |
Germand Gladenswayne. [Our King and Queen sat o’er the board] |
22 |
There is a copy of Niels Ebbesen and Germand Gladenswayne in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Child Maidelvold / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a notice regarding the American copyright upon the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of p. 196the Ballads pp. 5–27. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), B (a half-sheet of four leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), each inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Child Maidelvold. [The fair Sidselil, of all maidens the flower] Another, but widely different and altogether inferior, version of this beautiful and pathetic ballad—one of Borrow’s best—was printed (under the title Skion Middel) in The Monthly Magazine, November, 1823, p. 308; and again (under the amended title Sir Middel, and with a slightly revised text) in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 28–31. In these earlier versions the name of the heroine is Swanelil in place of Sidselil, and that of the hero is Sir Middel in place of Child Maidelvold. |
5 |
Sir Peter. [Sir Peter and Kirstin they sat by the board] |
11 |
Ingefred and Gudrune. [Ingefred and Gudrune they sate in their bower] |
15 |
Sir Ribolt. [Ribolt the son of a Count was he] |
20 |
As a further example of these Ballads I give Ingefred and Gudrune in full.
p. 199INGEFRED AND GUDRUNE [199]
Ingefred and Gudrune they sate in their bower,
Each bloomed a beauteous fragrant flower—
So sweet it is in summer tide!A working the gold fair Ingefred kept,
Still sate Gudrune, and bitterly wept.“Dear sister Gudrune so fain I’d know
Why down thy cheek the salt tears flow?”“Cause enough have I to be thus forlorn,
With a load of sorrow my heart is worn.“Hear, Ingefred, hear what I say to thee,
Wilt thou to-night stand bride for me?“If bride for me thou wilt stand to-night,
I’ll give thee my bridal clothes thee to requite.“And more, much more to thee I’ll give,
All my bride jewels thou shalt receive.”“O, I will not stand for bride in thy room,
Save I also obtain thy merry bridegroom.”“Betide me whatever the Lord ordain,
From me my bridegroom thou never shalt gain.”In silks so costly the bride they arrayed,
And unto the kirk the bride they conveyed.In golden cloth weed the holy priest stands,
He joins of Gudrune and Samsing the hands.O’er the downs and green grass meadows they sped,
Where the herdsman watched his herd as it fed.p. 200“Of thy beauteous self, dear Damsel, take heed,
Ne’er enter the house of Sir Samsing, I rede.“Sir Samsing possesses two nightingales
Who tell of the Ladies such wondrous tales.“With their voices of harmony they can declare
Whether maiden or none has fallen to his share.”The chariot they stopped in the green wood shade,
An exchange ’twixt them of their clothes they made.They change of their dress whatever they please,
Their faces they cannot exchange with ease.To Sir Samsung’s house the bride they conveyed,
Of the ruddy gold no spare was made.On the bridal throne the bride they plac’d,
They skinked the mead for the bride to taste.Then said from his place the court buffoon:
“Methinks thou art Ingefred, not Gudrune.”From off her hand a gold ring she took,
Which she gave the buffoon with entreating look.Said he: “I’m an oaf, and have drunk too hard,
To words of mine pay no regard.”’Twas deep at night, and down fell the mist,
To her bed the young bride they assist.Sir Samsing spoke to his nightingales twain:
“Before my young bride sing now a strain.“A song now sing which shall avouch
Whether I’ve a maiden or none in my couch.”“A maid’s in the bed, that’s certain and sure,
Gudrune is standing yet on the floor.”p. 203“Proud Ingefred, straight from my couch retire!
Gudrune come hither, or dread my ire!“Now tell me, Gudrune, with open heart,
What made thee from thy bed depart?”“My father, alas! dwelt near the strand,
When war and bloodshed filled the land.“Full eight there were broke into my bower,
One only ravished my virgin flower.”Upon her fair cheek he gave a kiss:
“My dearest, my dearest, all sorrow dismiss;“My swains they were that broke into thy bower,
’Twas I that gathered thy virgin flower.”Fair Ingefred gained, because bride she had been,
One of the King’s knights of handsome mien.
There is a copy of Child Maidelvold and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Ermeline / A Ballad / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 23; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Poems pp. 5–23. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular poem occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 204p. 23 is the following imprint: “London / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of four leaves), and B (a full sheet of eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Ermeline. [With lance upraised so haughtily] The paper upon which the Manuscript of Ermeline is written is water-marked with the date 1843. No other MS. is forthcoming. |
5 |
The Cuckoo’s Song in Merion. [Though it has been my fate to see] The fifth stanza of this Song was printed by Borrow in Wild Wales, 1862, vol. i, p. 153. The two versions of this stanza offer some interesting variations of text; I give them both:
|
21 |
There is a copy of Ermeline A Ballad in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Giant of Bern / and Orm Ungerswayne / A Ballad / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 15; consisting of Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballad pp. 5–15. The head-line is The Giant of Bern throughout, upon both sides of the page. Upon the reverse of p. 15 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” There are no signatures, the pamphlet being composed of a single sheet, folded to form sixteen pages.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 7½ × 5 inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
There is a copy of The Giant of Bern and Orm Ungerswayne in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Little Engel / A Ballad / With a Series of / Epigrams from the Persian / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, p. 211as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballad and Epigrams pp. 5–27. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Poem occupying it—save for pp. 23–27, which are headed Epigrams. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (six leaves), and B (a full sheet of eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
The original Manuscript of Little Engel, written in 1829, is in the library of Mr. Edmund Gosse. The Manuscript of 1854, from which the ballad was printed, is in my own library.
There is a copy of Little Engel, A Ballad, &c., in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Alf the Freebooter / Little Danneved and / Swayne Trost / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–27. There are headlines throughout, each page being headed with the p. 215title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint, “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of 2 leaves), B (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), and C (a full sheet of 8 leaves), all inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Sir Alf the Freebooter. [Sir Alf he is an Atheling.] |
5 |
Little Danneved and Swayne Trost. [“O what shall I in Denmark do?”] |
14 |
Sir Pall, Sir Bear, And Sir Liden. [Liden he rode to the Ting, and shewed] |
20 |
Belardo’s Wedding. [From the banks, in mornings beam] |
23 |
The Yew Tree. [O tree of yew, which here I spy] Two earlier versions of this Ode were printed by Borrow in Wild Wales, vol. iii, pp. 203 and 247. The texts of all three versions differ very considerably. |
27 |
There is a copy of Alf the Freebooter and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
King Diderik / and the Fight between the / Lion and Dragon / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
p. 216Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–27. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint, “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of 2 leaves), B (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), and C (a full sheet of 8 leaves), all inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
King Diderik and the Lion’s Fight with the Dragon. [From Bern rode forth King Diderik] There exists a single leaf of an early draft of another, entirely different, version of this ballad. Upon the opposite page is a facsimile, the exact size of the original, of this fragment. |
5 |
Diderik and Olger the Dane. [With his eighteen brothers Diderik stark] |
14 |
Olger the Dane and Burman. [Burman in the mountain holds] |
21 |
The complete Manuscript of King Diderik, &c., and Other Ballads, as prepared for the Songs of Scandinavia of 1829, is preserved in the British Museum.
p. 219There is a copy of King Diderik and the Fight between the Lion and Dragon, &c. in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Nightingale / The Valkyrie and Raven / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–27. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N. W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of 2 leaves), B (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), and C (a full sheet of 8 leaves), all inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
p. 223There is a copy of The Nightingale, The Valkyrie and Raven, and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Grimmer and Kamper / The End of Sivard Snarenswayne / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 28; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–28. There are headlines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. At the foot of p. 28 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N. W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of 2 leaves), B (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), and C (a full-sheet of 8 leaves), all inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
|
page |
Grimmer and Kamper. [Grimmer walks upon the floor] |
5 |
Mimmering Tan. [The smallest man was Mimmering] |
11 |
The End of Sivard Snarenswayne. [Young Sivard he his step-sire slew] The two Manuscripts, belonging to the years 1829 and 1854 respectively, of this ballad exhibit very numerous differences of text. As a brief, but sufficient, example I give the second stanza as it occurs in each:
|
14 |
Sir Guncelin’s Wedding. [It was the Count Sir Guncelin] |
19 |
Epigrams: |
|
Honesty. [No wonder honesty’s a lasting article] |
27 |
A Politician. [He served his God in such a fashion] |
27 |
The Candle. [For foolish pastimes oft, full oft, they thee ignite] |
27 |
Epigram on Himself. By Wessel [He ate, and drank, and slip-shod went] |
28 |
There is a copy of Grimmer and Kamper, The End of Sivard Snarenswayne, and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The / Fountain of Maribo / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Frontispiece (with blank recto) pp. 3–4; Title-page (with notice regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 5–6; and Text of the Ballads pp. 7–27. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), B (a half-sheet of four leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), each inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
The Frontispiece is a reduced facsimile of the first page of the original Manuscript of Ramund.
There is a copy of The Fountain of Maribo and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Queen Berngerd / The Bard and the Dreams / and / Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 31; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Frontispiece (with blank recto) pp. 3–4; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 5–6; and Text of the Ballads pp. 7–31. There are headlines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 31 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A and B (two sheets each eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
p. 232Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ x6¾ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
The Frontispiece consists of a reduced facsimile of the original Manuscript, in Borrow’s handwriting, of The Bard and the Dreams.
Contents.
|
page |
Queen Berngerd. [Long ere the Sun the heaven arrayed] |
7 |
Dame Martha’s Fountain. [Dame Martha dwelt at Karisegaard] Previously printed (with some small differences of text) in The Foreign Quarterly Review, June 1830, p. 83. |
13 |
The Bard and the Dreams. [O’er the sweet smelling meads with his lyre in his hand] |
16 |
King Oluf the Saint. [King Oluf and his brother bold] Previously printed (with some slight differences of text) in The Foreign Quarterly Review, June 1830, pp. 59–61. |
23 |
To Scribblers. [Would it not be more dignified] This delightful Squib, here first printed, was written by Borrow upon the refusal by Lockhart to insert in The Quarterly Review Borrow’s Essay suggested by Ford’s Handbook for Travellers in Spain, 1845, in the unmutilated and unamended form in which the author had written it.—[See ante, No. 10.] |
30 |
To a Conceited Woman. [Be still, be still, and speak not back again] |
31 |
Note.—Each poem, to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of Queen Berngerd, The Bard and the Dreams, and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Finnish Arts / Or / Sir Thor and Damsel Thure / A Ballad / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Frontispiece (with blank recto), pp. 3–4; Title-page, as above (with notice regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 5–6; and Text of the Ballads pp. 7–27. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), B (a half-sheet of four leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), each inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
The Frontispiece is a reduced facsimile of the first page of the original Manuscript of Finnish Arts, or Sir Thor and Damsel Thure.
|
page |
Finnish Arts, Or, Sir Thor and Damsel Thure. [Sir Thor was a knight of prowess tried] A reduced facsimile of the first page of the Manuscript of Finnish Arts will be found facing the present page. |
7 |
A New Song to an Old Tune. [Who starves his wife] |
22 |
Ode from Anacreon. [The earth to drink does not disdain] |
24 |
Lines from the Italian. [“Repent, O repent!” said a Friar one day] |
25 |
A Drinking Song. [O how my breast is glowing] |
26 |
There is a copy of Finnish Arts, Or Sir Thor and Damsel Thure in the Library of the British Museum. The Pressmark is C. 44. d. 38.
Brown William / The Power of the Harp / and / Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 31; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with notice regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–31. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 31 is the following imprint: p. 243“London / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A and B (two sheets, each eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Brown William. [Let no one in greatness too confident be] Previously printed in Once a Week, January 4th, 1862, pp. 37–38. |
5 |
The Power of the Harp. [Sir Peter would forth from the castle ride] A reduced facsimile of one of the pages of the Manuscript of The Power of The Harp will be found facing herewith. |
12 |
The Unfortunate Marriage. [Hildebrand gave his sister away] |
18 |
The Wrestling-Match. [As one day I wandered lonely, in extreme distress of mind] |
25 |
The Warrior. From the Arabic. [Thou lov’st to look on myrtles green] |
31 |
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of Brown William, The Power of the Harp, and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Song of Deirdra / King Byrge and his Brothers / and / Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 28; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–28. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. At the foot of p. 28 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), B (a half-sheet of four leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), all inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6¾ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of The Song of Deirdra, King Byrge and his Brothers, and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Signelil / A Tale from the Cornish / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 28; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page (with notice regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–28. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. At the foot of p. 28 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), B (a half-sheet of four leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), all inset within each other.
p. 248Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Signelil. [The Lady her handmaid to questioning took] |
5 |
A Tale from the Cornish. [In Lavan’s parish once of yore] Previously printed, with some trifling inaccuracies, in Knapp’s Life, Writings, and Correspondence of George Borrow, 1899, vol. ii, pp. 91–95. |
8 |
Sir Verner And Dame
Ingeborg. [In Linholm’s house |
19 |
The Heddeby Spectre. [At evening fall I chanced to ride] An earlier, and utterly different, version of this ballad was printed (under the tentative title The Heddybee-Spectre) in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 37–39. Borrow afterwards described this earlier version as “a paraphrase.” |
22 |
From Goudeli. [Yestere’en when the bat, and the owl, and his mate] |
25 |
Peasant Songs of Spain: |
|
1. [ When Jesu our Redeemer] |
27 |
2. [There stands a stone, a rounded stone] |
28 |
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of Signelil, a Tale from the Cornish, and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Young Swaigder / or / The Force of Runes / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a notice regarding the American copyright upon the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–27. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), B (a half-sheet of four leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), each inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of Young Swaigder or The Force of Runes and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Emelian the Fool / A Tale / Translated from the Russian / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 37; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; Introduction pp. 5–7; and Text of the Tale pp. 8–37. The reverse of p. 37 is blank. The head-line is Emelian the Fool throughout, upon both sides of the page. The pamphlet is concluded by a leaf, with blank reverse, carrying the following imprint upon its recto: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of 4 leaves), plus B and C (2 sheets, each 8 leaves), inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed p. 254edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 7½ × 5 inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Emelian the Fool first appeared in Once a Week, vol. vi, March 8th, 1862, pp. 289–294, where it formed the first of a series of three Russian Popular Tales, in Prose, translated by George Borrow.
The Tale was also included in The Avon Booklet, vol. ii, 1904, pp. 175–197.
There is a copy of Emelian the Fool in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 57. e. 45 (1).
The Story of Tim / Translated from the Russian / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 31; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page as above (with blank reverse) pp. 3–4; Introduction p. 5; and Text of the Story pp. 6–31. The head-line is The Story of Tim throughout, upon both sides of the page. Upon the reverse of p. 31 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A and B (two sheets, each eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed p. 257edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 7½ × 5 inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
The Story of Tim first appeared in Once a Week, vol. vii, October 4th, 1862, pp. 403–406, where it formed the third of a series of Russian Popular Tales, in Prose, translated by George Borrow.
The Story was also included in The Avon Booklet, vol. ii, 1904, pp. 211–229.
There is a copy of The Story of Tim in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 57. e. 45 (2).
Mollie Charane / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 28; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with notice regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–28. There are headlines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. At the foot of p. 28 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), B (a half-sheet of four leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), each inset within the other.
p. 258Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of Mollie Charane and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Grimhild’s Vengeance / Three Ballads / By / George Borrow / Edited / With an Introduction / By / Edmund Gosse, C. B. / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 40; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American p. 265copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; Introduction pp. 5–14; and text of the three Ballads pp. 15–40. The head-line is Grimhild’s Vengeance throughout, upon both sides of the page. At the foot of p. 40 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of four leaves), and B and C (two sheets, each eight leaves), each inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
|
page |
Grimhild’s Vengeance. Song the First. [It was the proud Dame Grimhild Prepares the mead and beer] A reduced facsimile of page 2 of the 1854 Manuscript of this Song faces the present page. |
15 |
Grimhild’s Vengeance. Song the Second. [It was the proud Dame Grimhild The wine with spices blends] |
24 |
Grimhild’s Vengeance. Song the Third. [O, where will ye find kempions So bold and strong of hand] |
32 |
The Introduction furnished by Mr. Edmund Gosse to Grimhild’s Vengeance is undoubtedly by far the most illuminating and important contribution yet made to the critical study of Borrow’s Ballads, a study which has hitherto been both meagre and inadequate. Not only does Mr. Gosse handle the three Songs particularly before him, and make clear the relationship they bear to each other, but he deals with the whole subject of the p. 266origin of Borrow’s Scandinavian Ballads, and traces fully and precisely the immediate source from which their author derived them. One of Borrow’s most vivid records Mr. Gosse calls into question, and proves indisputably that it must henceforth be regarded, if not as a fiction, at least as one more result of Borrow’s inveterate habit of “drawing the long bow,”—to wit the passages in Lavengro wherein Borrow recounts his acquisition of the “strange and uncouth-looking volume” at the price of a kiss from the yeoman’s wife, and the purpose which that volume served him.
Of the first and second of the three Ballads included in Grimhild’s Vengeance two Manuscripts are available. The first of these was written in 1829, and was intended to find a place in the Songs of Scandinavia advertised at the close of that year. The second Manuscript was written in 1854, and was prepared for the projected volumes of Kœmpe Viser of that date. Of the third Ballad there exists only a single Manuscript, namely that produced in 1829. Apparently in 1854 Borrow had relinquished all hope of publishing the Kœmpe Viser before he had commenced work upon the third Ballad. In the present volume the first two Songs were printed from the Manuscripts of 1854; the third Song from the Manuscript of 1829.
There is a copy of Grimhild’s Vengeance in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
Letters / To his Mother / Ann Borrow / and Other Correspondents / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
p. 267Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 38; consisting of Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a notice regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Letters pp. 5–38. The head-line is Letters to his Mother throughout, upon both sides of the page. Following p. 38 is a leaf, with blank recto, and with the following imprint upon the reverse: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of four leaves), plus B and C (two sheets, each eight leaves), each inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 7½ × 5 inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
The series of letters contained in this volume were reprinted in George Borrow and his Circle. By Clement King Shorter, 8vo, 1913. The whole of the holographs are in Mr. Shorter’s possession.
There is a copy of Letters to his Mother, Ann Borrow, in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 57. e. 46.
The Brother Avenged / and / Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
p. 268Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 32; consisting of Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–32. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. At the foot of p. 32 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A and B (two sheets, each eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed
Contents.
|
page |
The Brother Avenged. [I stood before my master’s board] Previously printed (with some textual variations) in The Foreign Quarterly Review, vol. vi, June 1830, pp 61–62. |
5 |
The Eyes. [268] [To kiss a pair of red lips small] |
9 |
Harmodius and Aristogiton. [With the leaves of the myrtle I’ll cover my brand] |
12 |
My Dainty Dame. [My dainty Dame, my heart’s delight] |
14 |
Grasach Abo or The Cause of Grace. [O, Baillie Na Cortie! thy turrets are tall] |
16 |
Dagmar. [Sick in Ribe Dagmar’s lying] |
19 |
p. 271The Elf Bride. [There was a youthful swain one day] These stanzas should be compared with The Elves, printed in The Nightingale, The Valkyrie and Raven, and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 25–26. |
21 |
The Treasure Digger. [O, would that with last and shoe I had stay’d] |
23 |
The Fisher. [The fisherman saddleth his good winged horse] |
25 |
The Cuckoo. [Abiding an appointment made] |
29 |
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of The Brother Avenged and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Gold Horns / Translated by / George Borrow / from the Danish of / Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger / Edited / with an Introduction by / Edmund Gosse, C.B. / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 25; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; Introduction pp. 5–9; and Text of The Gold Horns, the Danish and English texts facing each other upon opposite pages, pp. 10–25. The reverse of p. 25 is blank. There are head-lines throughout, p. 272each recto being headed The Gold Horns, and each verso Guldhornene. The book is completed by a leaf, with blank reverse, and with the following imprint upon its recto: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of four leaves), B (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), each inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Although the poem was not printed until 1913, it is quite evident that the translation was made by Borrow in or about the year 1826. The paper upon which the Manuscript is written is watermarked with the date 1824, whilst the handwriting coincides with that of several of the pieces included in the Romantic Ballads of 1826. “There can be little doubt,” writes Mr. Gosse, “that Borrow intended The Gold Horns for that volume, and rejected it at last. He was conscious, perhaps, that his hand had lacked the skill needful to reproduce a lyric the melody of which would have taxed the powers of Coleridge or of Shelley.”
“The Gold Horns marks one of the most important stages in the history of Scandinavian literature. It is the earliest, and the freshest, specimen of the Romantic Revival in its definite form. In this way, it takes in Danish poetry a place analogous to that taken by The Ancient Mariner in English poetry. . . .
“Oehlenschläger has explained what it was that suggested to him the leading idea of his poem. Two antique horns of gold, discovered some time before in the bogs of Slesvig, had been recently stolen from the national collection at Rosenberg, and the thieves had melted p. 273down the inestimable treasures. Oehlenschläger treats these horns as the reward for genuine antiquarian enthusiasm, shown in a sincere and tender passion for the ancient relics of Scandinavian history. From a generation unworthy to appreciate them, the Horns had been withdrawn, to be mysteriously restored at the due romantic hour.”—[From the Introduction by Edmund Gosse.]
There is a copy of The Gold Horns in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 57. d. 19.
Tord of Hafsborough / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1914.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 32; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–32. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. At the foot of p. 32 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A and B (two sheets, each eight leaves), the one inset within the other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
|
page |
Tord of Hafsborough. [It was Tord of Hafsborough] |
5 |
From the Arabic. [O thou who fain would’st wisdom gain] |
10 |
Thorvald. [Swayne Tveskieg did a man possess] Previously printed in The Foreign Quarterly Review, vol. vi, 1830, p. 74. |
11 |
Peter Colbiornsen. [’Fore Fredereksteen King Carl he lay] Previously printed in The Foreign Quarterly Review, vol. vi, 1830, pp. 84–85. |
16 |
Kragelill. [’Twas noised about, ’twas noised about] |
21 |
Allegast. [The Count such a store of gold had got] |
25 |
Epigrams: |
|
1. [Assume a friend’s face when a foeman you spy] |
30 |
2. [The lion in woods finds prey of noble kind] |
30 |
3. [Though God provides our daily bread] |
30 |
4. [To trust a man I never feel inclined] |
31 |
5. [A hunter who was always seeking game] |
31 |
6. [The plans of men of shrewdest wit] |
31 |
7. [Well was it said, long years ago] |
31 |
8. [Who roams the world by many wants beset] |
32 |
It is probable that the whole of these eight Epigrams were derived by Borrow from Persian sources. |
|
On a Young Man with Red Hair. [He is a lad of sober mind] |
32 |
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of Tord of Hafsborough and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Expedition to / Birting’s Land / and Other Ballads / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1914.
Collation:—Square demy octavo, pp. 27; consisting of: Half-title (with blank reverse) pp. 1–2; Title-page, as above (with a note regarding the American copyright upon the centre of the reverse) pp. 3–4; and Text of the Ballads pp. 5–27. There are head-lines throughout, each page being headed with the title of the particular Ballad occupying it. Upon the reverse of p. 27 is the following imprint: “London: / Printed for Thomas J. Wise, Hampstead, N.W. / Edition limited to Thirty Copies.” The signatures are A (a half-sheet of four leaves), B (a quarter-sheet of two leaves), and C (a full sheet of eight leaves), inset within each other.
Issued in bright green paper wrappers, with untrimmed edges, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. The leaves measure 8½ × 6⅞ inches.
Thirty Copies only were printed.
Contents.
Note.—Each poem to which no reference is attached, appeared for the first time in this volume.
There is a copy of The Expedition to Birting’s Land and Other Ballads in the Library of the British Museum. The Press-mark is C. 44. d. 38.
The Diver, A Ballad Translated from the German. [Where is the man who will dive for his King?]
Reprinted in The Song of Deirdra and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 8–17.
P. 244.
Ode to a Mountain Torrent. [How lovely thou art in thy tresses of foam]
Reprinted, with the text substantially revised, in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 164–166. Again reprinted in Targum, 1835, pp. 45–46.
The majority of Borrow’s contributions to The Monthly Magazine appeared under the signature ‘George Olaus Borrow.’ Dr. Knapp has recorded that he found in the Corporation Library at Norwich p. 284a book on ancient Danish Literature, by Olaus Wormius, carrying several marginal notes in Borrow’s handwriting. The suggestion that it was from this book that Borrow derived the pseudonymous second Christian name which he employed in The Monthly Magazine is not an unreasonable one.
P. 245.
Death. [Perhaps ’tis folly, but still I feel]
Reprinted (under the amended title Thoughts on Death, and with some small textual variations) in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 169–170.
Another version of the same poem was printed (under the title A Survey of Death, the first line reading My blood is freezing, my senses reel) in Mollie Charane and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 11–12.
P. 246.
Mountain Song. [That pathway before ye, so narrow and gray]
Pp. 306–309.
Danish Poetry and Ballad Writing. A Prose Essay, including, inter alia, the following Ballad:
Skion Middel. [The maiden was lacing so tightly her vest]
Reprinted, under the amended title Sir Middel, the first line reading “So tightly was Swanelil lacing her vest,” in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 28–30.
Another, but widely different, version of this Ballad is printed in Child Maidelvold and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 5–10. In this latter version the name of the heroine is Sidselil in place of Swanelil, and that of the hero is Child Maidelvold in place of Sir Middel.
Lenora. [When morning’s gleam was on the hill]
P. 437.
Chloe. [Oh! we have a sister on earthly dominions]
Reprinted in Targum, 1835, pp. 47–48.
When gathering Chloe into the pages of Targum Borrow very considerably revised the text. Here is the concluding stanza of each of the two versions:—
1823
But God shook his sceptre, and thunder’d appalling,
While winds swept the branches with turbulent sigh;
Then trembled the host, but they heeded his calling,
And bore the sweet maiden, yet praying, on high.
“Ah, we had a sister on earthly dominions!”
All sung, as thro’ heaven they joyously trod,
And bore, with flush’d faces, and fluttering pinions,
The yet-praying maid to the throne of her God.
1835
Then frown’d the dread father; his thunders appalling
To rattle began, and his whirlwinds to roar;
Then trembled the host, but they heeded his calling,
And Chloe up-snatching, to heaven they soar.
O we had a sister on earthly dominions!
They sang as through heaven triumphant they stray’d,
And bore with flush’d faces and fluttering pinions
To God’s throne of brightness the yet praying maid.
P. 437.
Sea-Song. [King Christian stood beside the mast]
In 1826 and 1835 the title was changed to National Song.
p. 286Borrow published no less than four versions of this National Song:
1. In The Monthly Magazine, 1823, p. 437,
2. In Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 146–148,
3. In The Foreign Quarterly Review, 1830, pp. 70–71,
4. In Targum, 1835, pp. 49–50.
Upon each occasion he practically rewrote the Song, so that all four versions differ completely. As an illustration of these differences I give the first stanza of each version:
1823.
King Christian stood beside the mast,
In smoke and flame;
His heavy cannon rattled fast
Against the Gothmen, as they pass’d:
Then sunk each hostile sail and mast
In smoke and flame.
“Fly, (said the foe,) fly, all that can,
For who with Denmark’s Christian
Will ply the bloody game?”
1826.
King Christian stood beside the mast
Smoke, mixt with flame,
Hung o’er his guns, that rattled fast
Against the Gothmen, as they passed:
Then sunk each hostile sail and mast
In smoke and flame.
“Fly!” said the foe: “fly! all that can,
Nor wage, with Denmark’s Christian,
The dread, unequal game.”
King Christian by the main-mast stood
In smoke and mist!
So pour’d his guns their fiery flood
That Gothmen’s heads and helmets bow’d;
Their sterns, their masts fell crashing loud
In smoke and mist.
“Fly,” cried they, “let him fly who can,
For who shall Denmark’s Christian
Resist?”
1835.
King Christian stood beside the mast
In smoke and mist.
His weapons, hammering hard and fast,
Through helms and brains of Gothmen pass’d.
Then sank each hostile sail and mast
In smoke and mist.
“Fly,” said the foe, “fly all that can,
For who can Denmark’s Christian
Resist?”
P. 438.
The Erl King. [Who is it that gallops so lat on the wild!]
P. 235.
Bernard’s Address to his Army. [Freshly blew the morning breeze]
The Singing Mariner. [Who will ever have again]
Reprinted in The Expedition to Birting’s Land and Other Ballads, 1914, pp. 16–18.
P. 431.
The French Princess. [Towards France a maiden went]
P. 526.
The Nightingale. [In midnight’s calm hour the Nightingale sings]
Reprinted in The Expedition to Birting’s Land and Other Ballads, 1914, pp. 19–20.
P. 391.
A Review of Fortsetzung des Faust Von Goethe. Von C. C. L. Schone. (Berlin.)
P. 394.
A Review of Œlenschlager’s Samlede digte. (Copenhagen.)
Pp. 491–513.
A Review of Narrative of a Pedestrian Journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary, from the Frontiers of China to the Frozen Sea. By Capt. John Dundas, R.N. (London, 1824.)
Pp. 19–22.
Danish Traditions and Superstitions. A Prose Essay. Part i. Including inter alia the following Ballad:
Waldemar’s Chase. [Late at eve they were toiling on Harribee bank]
Reprinted in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 115–116.
P. 47.
War-Song; Written when the French first invaded Spain. [Arise, ye sons of injur’d Spain]
P. 432.
Danish Songs and Ballads. No. 1, Bear Song. [The squirrel that’s sporting]
Reprinted in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 144–145.
Pp. 498–500.
Danish Traditions and Superstitions. A Prose Essay. Part ii.
Pp. 25–26 and 103–104.
Danish Traditions and Superstitions. A Prose Essay. Parts iii and iv.
The Deceived Merman. [Fair Agnes left her mother’s door]
Reprinted (with very considerable changes in the text, the first line reading “Fair Agnes alone on the sea-shore stood”) in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 120–123.
In 1854 Borrow rewrote this Ballad, and furnished it with a new title Agnes and the Merman. The following stanzas taken from each, will serve to show the difference between the two versions:—
1826.
The Merman up to the church door came;
His eyes they shone like a yellow flame;His face was white, and his beard was green—
A fairer demon was never seen.“Now, Agnes, Agnes, list to me,
Thy babes are longing so after thee.”“I cannot come yet, here must I stay
Until the priest shall have said his say.”
1854.
In at the door the Merman treads—
Away the images turned their heads.His face was white, his beard was green,
His eyes were full of love, I ween.“Hear, Agnes, hear! ’tis time for thee
To come to thy home below the sea.”“I cannot come yet, I here must stay,
Until the priest has said his say.”
Danish Traditions and Superstitions. A Prose Essay. Parts v, vi, and vii.
Pp. 296–297 [291] and 424–425.
Danish Traditions and Superstitions. A Prose Essay. Parts viii and ix.
Pp. 315–331.
A Review of The Devil’s Elixir; from the German of Hoffman. (London, Cadell, 2 vols.)
Pp. 550–566.
A Review of Danske Folkesagn, Samlede af J. M. Thiele. (Copenhagen, 1818–1823.)
A Review of Dansk-norsk Litteraturlexicon, 1818, and Den Danske Digtekunsts Middelalder fra Arrebo til Tullin fremstillet i Academiske Forelœsinger holdne i Aarene, 1798–1800.
A long critical prose article by John Bowring, including, inter alia, the following Ballads by George Borrow:—
1. King Oluf the Saint. [King Oluf and his brother bold]
Reprinted in Queen Berngerd, The Bard and the Dreams, and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 23–29.
This is an entirely different Ballad from that which had appeared, under the title Saint Oluf, in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 53–57.
2. The Brother Avenged. [I stood before my master’s board]
Reprinted, with some textual variations, in The Brother Avenged and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 5–8.
3. Aager and Eliza. [’Twas the valiant knight, Sir Aager]
Previously printed, but with endless variations in the text, in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 47–52, where the first line reads, “Have ye heard of bold Sir Aager.”
p. 293As an example of the differences of text to be observed in the two versions, I give three stanzas of each:
1826.
Up his mighty limbs he gather’d,
Took the coffin on his back;
And to fair Eliza’s bower
Hasten’d, by the well-known track.On her chamber’s lowly portal,
With his fingers long and thin,
Thrice he tapp’d, and bade Eliza
Straightway let her bridegroom in!Straightway answer’d fair Eliza,
“I will not undo my door
Till I hear thee name sweet Jesus,
As thou oft hast done before.”
1830.
Up Sir Aager rose, his coffin
Bore he on his bended back.
Tow’ds the bower of sweet Eliza
Was his sad and silent track.He the door tapp’d with his coffin,
For his fingers had no skin;
“Rise, O rise, my sweet Eliza!
Rise, and let thy bridegroom in.”Straightway answer’d fair Eliza:
“I will not undo my door
’Till thou name the name of Jesus,
Even as thou could’st before.”
Reprinted in The Expedition to Birting’s Land, and Other Ballads, 1914, pp. 21–22.
5. Danish National Song. [King Christian by the main-mast stood]
Previously printed:
1. In The Monthly Magazine, Vol. lvi, 1823, p. 437.
2. In Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 146–148.
Afterwards reprinted in Targum, 1835, pp. 49–50.
6. The Seaman. [A seaman with a bosom light]
7. Sir Sinclair. [Sir Sinclair sail’d from the Scottish ground]
Reprinted in Targum, 1835, pp. 51–55.
8. Thorvald. [Swayne Tveskieg did a man possess]
Reprinted in Tord of Hafsborough and Other Ballads, 1914, pp. 11–15.
9. When I was Little. [There was a time when I was very tiny]
10. Birth of Christ. [Each spring,—when the mists have abandon’d the earth]
11. Time’s Perspective. [Through the city sped a youth]
p. 29512. The Morning Walk. [To the beach grove with so sweet an air]
Reprinted in The Expedition to Birting’s Land and Other Ballads, 1914, pp. 23–27.
13. The Aspen. [What whispers so strange at the hour of midnight]
14. Dame Martha’s Fountain. [Dame Martha dwelt at Karisegaard]
Reprinted in Queen Berngerd, The Bard and the Dreams, and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 13–15.
15. Peter Colbiornsen. [’Fore Fredereksteen King Carl he lay]
Reprinted in Tord of Hafsborough and Other Ballads, 1914, pp. 16–20.
16. The Ruins of Uranienborg. [Thou by the strand dost wander]
Reprinted, but with much textual variation, in Ellen of Villenskov and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 13–18.
A Note on “The Origin of the Word ‘Tory’.”
A short prose article, signed “George Borrow,” and dated “Norwich, August 6.”
The Gypsies in Russia and in Spain.
Two letters from Borrow, giving an account of his experiences of the gypsies in Russia and in Spain.
“All the episodes that he relates he incorporated in The Bible in Spain. The two letters plainly indicate that all the time Borrow was in Spain his mind was more filled with the subject of the gypsies than with any other question. He did his work well for the Bible Society no doubt . . . but there is a humourous note in the fact that Borrow should have utilised his position as a missionary—for so we must count him—to make himself thoroughly acquainted with gypsy folklore, and gypsy songs and dances.”—[Shorter, George Borrow and his Circle, p. 240.]
Ancient Runic Stone, Recently Found in the Isle of Man.
Reprinted in George Borrow and his Circle, by Clement King Shorter, 1913, pp. 301–303.
p. xi.
Translation from the Manx. [And what is glory, but the radiance of a name,—]
Borrow’s statement in the closing paragraph (printed post, p. 299) of his Essay on The Welsh and their Literature renders it possible to place this Translation to his credit.
A Letter from Borrow to the Editor, regarding Manx Ballads.
The Welsh and Their Literature. A Prose Essay.
This Essay was in fact a review, by Borrow himself, of his own work The Sleeping Bard.
“In the autumn [of 1860] Borrow determined to call attention to it [The Sleeping Bard] himself. He revamped an old article he had written in 1830, entitled The Welsh and their Literature, and sent it to Mr. Murray for The Quarterly Review. . . . The modern literature and things of Wales were not introduced into the article . . . and it appeared anonymously in The Quarterly Review for January, 1861. It is in fact Borrow’s own (and the only) review of The Sleeping Bard, which, however, had the decisive result of selling off the whole edition in a month.”—[Knapp’s Life and Correspondence of George Borrow, 1899, vol. ii, pp. 195–196.]
The Manuscript of this Essay, or Review, is not at present forthcoming. But, fortunately, the MS. of certain paragraphs with which Borrow brought the Essay to a conclusion, and which the Editor in the exercise of his editorial function quite properly struck out, have been preserved. The barefaced manner in which Borrow anonymously praised and advertised his own work fully justified the Editor’s action. I print these paragraphs below. My principal reason for doing so is this, that the closing lines p. 298afford evidence of Borrow’s authorship of other portions of Gill’s Introduction to his Edition of Kelly’s Manx Grammar, 1859, beyond those which until now have been attributed to his pen:
“Our having mentioned The Romany Rye gives us an opportunity of saying a few words concerning that work, to the merits of which, and likewise to those of Lavengro, of which it is the sequel, adequate justice has never been awarded. It is a truly remarkable book, abounding not only with strange and amusing adventure, but with deep learning communicated in a highly agreeable form. We owe it an amende honorable for not having in our recent essay on Buddhism quoted from it some remarkable passages on that superstition, which are to be found in a conversation between the hero of the tale and the man in black. Never was the subject of Buddhism treated in a manner so masterly and original. But the book exhibits what is infinitely more precious than the deepest learning, more desirable than the most amusing treasury of adventure, a fearless, honest spirit, a resolution to tell the truth however strange the truth may appear to the world.
“A remarkable proof of this is to be found in what is said in it respecting the Italians. It is all very well at the present day, after the miracles lately performed in Italy by her sons, to say that Italy is the land to which we must look for great men; that it is not merely the country of singers, fiddlers, improvisatori, and linguists, but of men, of beings who may emphatically be called men. But who, three or four years ago, would have ventured to say as much? Why there was one and only one who ventured to say so, and that was George Borrow in his work entitled The Romany Rye. Many other things equally bold and true he has said in that work, and also in its predecessor Lavengro.
“In conclusion we wish to give Mr. Borrow a piece of advice, namely, that with all convenient speed he publish whatever works he has written and has not yet committed to the press. Life is very precarious, and when an author dies, his unpublished writings are too frequently either lost to the world, or presented in a shape which all but stultifies them. Of Mr. Borrow’s unpublished writings there is a catalogue at the end of The Romany Rye, and a most remarkable catalogue it is, comprising works on all kinds of interesting subjects. p. 299Of these, the one which we are most eager to see is that which is called Wild Wales, which we have no doubt whenever it appears will be welcomed as heartily as The Bible in Spain was seventeen years ago, a book which first laid open the mysterious peninsula to the eyes of the world, and that the book on Wales will be followed by the one which is called Wanderings in quest of Manx Literature. Now the title alone of that book is worth a library of commonplace works, for it gives the world an inkling of a thing it never before dreamed of, namely, that the little Celtic Isle of Man has a vernacular literature. What a pity if the book itself should be eventually lost! Here some person will doubtless exclaim, ‘Perhaps the title is all book, and there is no book behind it; what can Mr. Borrow know of Manx literature?’ Stay, friend, stay! A Manx grammar has just appeared, edited by a learned and highly respectable Manx clergyman, in the preface to which are some beautiful and highly curious notices of Manx vernacular Gallic literature, which are, however, confessedly not written by the learned Manx clergyman, nor by any other learned Manxman, but by George Borrow, an Englishman, the author of The Bible in Spain and The Romany Rye.”
A number of translations from Welsh Poetry were introduced by Borrow into this Essay. They were all, as he explained in a footnote, derived from his projected Songs of Europe. With the exception of an occasional stray couplet, or single line, the following list includes them all:—
1. From Iolo Goch’s “Ode to the Plough Man.” [The mighty Hu with mead would pay]
Reprinted, with several changes in the text, in Wild Wales, 1862, Vol. iii, pp. 292–293.
A further extract from the same Ode, “If with small things we Hu compare” etc., is given in a footnote on p. 40.
2. Saxons and Britons. [A serpent that coils]
Reprinted (the first line reading A serpent which coils) in Wild Wales, 1862, Vol. i, p. 48.
p. 3003. The Destiny of the Britons. [Their Lord they shall praise]
These lines were employed by Borrow in the following year as a motto for the title-pages of Wild Wales.
4. From an Ode on Llywelyn, By Dafydd Benfras. [Llywelyn of the potent hand oft wroght]
5. From an Ode on the Mansion of Owen Glendower, By Iolo Goch. [Its likeness now I’ll limn you out]
6. Epigram on the rising of Owen Glendower. [One thousand four hundred, no less and no more]
7. From an Ode to Griffith ap Nicholas, By Gwilym ap Ieuan Hen. [Griffith ap Nicholas! who like thee]
Reprinted in Wild Wales, 1862, Vol. iii, p. 327.
8. Epigram on a Spider. [From out its womb it weaves with care]
Ballads of the Isle of Man. Translated from the Manx. By George Borrow:
p. 3911. Brown William. [Let no one in greatness too confident be]
Reprinted in Mona Miscellany, 1869, pp. 67–70.
Again reprinted (with the prose Introduction considerably curtailed) in Brown William, The Power of the Harp, and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 5–11.
2. Mollie Charane. [O, Mollie Charane, where got you your gold?]
Reprinted in Mollie Charane and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 5–7.
Emelian the Fool.
The first of a series of three Russian Popular Tales, in Prose, translated by George Borrow.
Also printed privately in pamphlet form, as follows:—
Emelian the Fool / A Tale / Translated from the Russian / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913.—Crown octavo, pp. 37. [See ante, Part I, No. 53.]
The Tale was included in The Avon Booklet, Vol. ii, 1904, pp. 175–197.
Borrow had projected a volume to contain a series of twelve Russian Popular Tales, and this was included among the Works advertised as “ready for the press” at the end of The Romany Rye.
p. 302Unfortunately the project failed to meet with success, and these three Tales were all that finally appeared.
The Story of Yvashka with The Bear’s Ear.
The second of a series of Russian Popular Tales, in Prose, translated by George Borrow.
Reprinted in The Sphere, February 1st, 1913, p. 136.
Also printed privately in pamphlet form as follows:—
The Story / of / Yvashka with the Bear’s Ear / Translated from the Russian / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913. Square demy octavo, pp. 23. [See ante, Part I, No. 26.]
The Story was also included in The Avon Booklet, Vol. ii, 1904, pp. 199–210.
Harald Harfagr. A Discourse Between a Valkyrie and a Raven, &c. [Ye men wearing bracelets]
Reprinted (under the amended title The Valkyrie and Raven) in The Nightingale, The Valkyrie and Raven, and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 11–20.
p. 305A Prose Introduction, which preceded the Ballad in Once a Week, was not reprinted in The Nightingale, The Valkyrie and Raven, and Other Ballads.
A facsimile (actual size) of a page of the Original Manuscript is given herewith.
In Once a Week this Ballad was accompanied by an Illustration, engraved upon wood, representing the Valkyrie discoursing with the Raven.
The Story of Tim.
The third (and last) of a series of Russian Popular Tales, in Prose, translated by George Borrow.
Also printed privately in pamphlet form, as follows:—
The Story of Tim / Translated from the Russian / By / George Borrow / London: / Printed for Private Circulation / 1913–Crown octavo, p. 31. [See ante, Part I, No. 54.]
The Story was also included in The Avon Booklet, Vol. ii, 1904, pp. 211–229.
The Count of Vendel’s Daughter. [Within a bower the womb I left]
Reprinted in The Verner Raven, The Count of Vendel’s Daughter, and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 12–17.
The Hail-Storm; or, The Death of Bui. [All eager to sail]
This Ballad differs entirely from those which appeared, under the title The Hail-Storm only, in Romantic Ballads, 1826, pp. 136–138, in Targum, 1835, pp. 42–43, and in Young Swaigder or The Force of Runes and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 14–15. Each of these three versions consists of four eight-line stanzas; the present Ballad extends to 84 lines, arranged in irregular stanzas.
A Letter from Borrow to B. R. Haydon.
Reprinted in George Borrow and his Circle. By Clement King Shorter, 1913, p. 25.
Vol. ii, pp. 91–95.
Tale from the Cornish. [In Lavan’s parish once of yore]
Reprinted (with some small textual revisions) in Signelil, A Tale from the Cornish, and Other Ballads, 1913, pp. 8–18.
Hungarian Gypsy Song. [To the mountain the fowler has taken his way]
The two volumes contain, in addition, a considerable number of Letters and other documents published therein for the first time.
Several Letters by Borrow, Addressed to Dr. [afterwards Sir John] Bowring,
were printed for the first time in this volume.
Several Letters, and Portions of Letters, By Borrow,
were printed for the first time in this volume.
Nine Letters from Borrow to his Wife.
The letters form a portion of an article by Mr. Clement Shorter, entitled George Borrow in Scotland.
p. 308Eight of these letters had been printed previously in Letters to his Wife Mary Borrow, 1913 [see ante, Part I, No. 19]. The remaining letter was afterwards included in Letters to his Mother Ann Borrow and Other Correspondents, 1913 [see ante, Part I, No. 57].
Many Letters by Borrow,
together with a considerable number of other important documents, were first printed in this volume.
Note.
The various Poems and Prose Articles included in the above list, to which no reference is appended, have not yet been reprinted in any shape or form.
Query.
There exists a galley-proof of a Ballad by Borrow entitled The Father’s Return. From the Polish of Mickiewicz. The Ballad consists of twenty-one four-line stanzas, and commences “Take children your way, for the last time to-day.” This proof is set up in small type, and was evidently prepared for insertion in some provincial newspaper. This paper I have not been able to trace. Should its identity be known to any reader of the present Bibliography I should be grateful for a note of it.
* * * * *
*** In The Tatler for November 26, 1913, appeared a short story entitled The Potato Patch. By G. Borrow. This story was not by the Author of Targum. ‘Borrow’ was a mis-print; the name should have read ‘G. Barrow.’
George Borrow in / East Anglia / By / William A. Dutt / [Quotation from Emerson] / London / David Nutt, 270–271, Strand / 1896.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 80.
Issued in paper boards backed with cloth, with the title-page, slightly abbreviated, reproduced upon the front cover. Some copies are in cream-coloured paper wrappers.
Life, Writings, / and Correspondence of / George Borrow / Derived from Official and other / Authentic Sources / By William I. Knapp, Ph.D., LL.D. / Author and Editor of French and Spanish Text-Books / Editor of “Las Obras de Boscan,” “Diego de Mendoza,” etc. / And late of Yale and Chicago Universities / With Portrait and Illustrations / In Two Volumes / Vol. I. [Vol. II.] / p. 312London / John Murray, Albemarle Street / New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons / 1899.
Collation:—Demy octavo:
Vol. I. pp. xx + 402.
Vol. II. pp. x + 406, with an inserted slip carrying a List of Errata for both Volumes.
Issued in dull green cloth boards, gilt lettered.
George Borrow / The Man and his Work / By / R. A. J. Walling / Author of “A Sea Dog of Devon” / Cassell and Company, Limited / London, Paris, New York, Toronto and Melbourne / mcmviii.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. xii + 356.
Issued in dull red cloth boards, gilt lettered.
Several Letters from Borrow to Dr. [afterwards Sir John] Bowring were first printed in this volume.
George Borrow / Von / Dr. Bernhard Blaesing. / Berlin / Emil Ebering / 1910.
Collation:—Royal octavo, pp. 78.
Issued in mottled-grey paper wrappers, with the title-page reproduced upon the front.
Cymmrodorion / Society’s / Publications. / George Borrow’s Second / Tour in Wales. / By / T. C. Cantrill, B.Sc., / and / J. Pringle. / From “Y Cymmrodor,” Vol. xxii. [313] / London: Issued by the Society, / New Stone Buildings, 64, Chancery Lane.
Collation:—Demy octavo, pp. 11, without title-page, the title, as above, appearing upon the front wrapper only.
Issued (in April, 1911) in bright green paper wrappers, with the title in full upon the front.
George Borrow / The Man and his Books / By / Edward Thomas / Author of / “The Life of Richard Jefferies,” “Light and / Twilight,” “Rest and Unrest,” “Maurice / Maeterlinck,” Etc. / With Portraits and Illustrations / London / Chapman & Hall, Ltd. / 1912.
Collation:—Demy octavo, pp. xii + 333 + viii.
Issued in deep mauve coloured cloth boards, gilt lettered.
The Life of / George Borrow / Compiled from Unpublished / Official Documents, his / Works, Correspondence, etc. / By Herbert Jenkins / With a Frontispiece in Photogravure, and / Twelve other Illustrations / London / John Murray, Albemarle Street, W. / 1912.
Collation:—Demy octavo, pp. xxvi [misnumbered xxviii] + 496.
Issued in bright green cloth boards, gilt lettered. A Second Edition appeared in 1913.
George / Borrow / A Sermon preached in / Norwich Cathedral on / July 6, 1913 / By / H. C. Beeching, D.D., D.Litt. / Dean of Norwich / London / Jarrold & Sons / Publishers.
Collation:—Crown octavo, pp. 12.
Issued in drab paper wrappers, with the title-page reproduced upon the front, the words Threepence Net being added at foot.
Souvenir / of the / George Borrow / Celebration / Norwich, July 5th, 1913 / By / James Hooper / Prepared and Published for / the Committee / Jarrold & Sons / Publishers / London and Norwich.
p. 315Collation:—Royal octavo, pp. 48, with a Portrait-Frontispiece, and twenty-four Illustrations and Portraits.
Issued in white pictorial paper wrappers, with trimmed edges.
Catalogue of the Exhibition / Commemorative of George Borrow / Author of “Lavengro” etc. held / at the Norwich Castle Museum. / July, 1913. / Price 3d.
Collation:—Post octavo, pp. 12.
Issued wire-stitched, without wrappers, and with trimmed edges.
George Borrow / and his Circle / Wherein may be found many / hitherto Unpublished Letters / of Borrow and his Friends / By / Clement King Shorter / Hodder and Stoughton / London New York Toronto / 1913.
Collation:—Square octavo, printed in half-sheets, pp. xix + 450; with a Portrait of Borrow as Frontispiece, and numerous other Illustrations.
Issued in dark crimson paper boards, backed with buckram, gilt lettered.
There are several variations in this edition as compared with one published simultaneously in America by Messrs. Houghton, p. 316Mifflin & Co. of Cambridge, Mass. These variations are connected with Borrow’s attitude towards the British and Foreign Bible Society, Mr. Shorter having taken occasion to pass some severe strictures upon the obvious cant which characterised the Bible Society in its relations with Borrow. These strictures, although supported by ample quotations from unpublished documents, the London publishers, being a semi-religious house, persuaded the author to cancel.
A / Bibliography / of / The Writings in Prose and Verse / of / George Henry Borrow / By / Thomas J. Wise / London: / Printed for Private Circulation only / By Richard Clay & Sons, Ltd. / 1914.
Collation:—Foolscap quarto, pp. xxii + 316, with Sixty-nine facsimiles of Title-pages and Manuscripts.
Issued in bright green paper boards, lettered across the back, and with the title-page reproduced upon the front. One hundred copies only were printed.
p. 317London:
PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY
By Richard Clay & Sons, Ltd.
1914.
[0a] The majority of the Manuscripts of Ballads written in or about 1829 are upon paper watermarked with the date 1828. The majority of the Manuscripts of Ballads written in or about 1854 are upon paper watermarked with the date 1852.
[0b] Among the advertisements at the end of The Romany Rye, 1857, three works (1) Celtic Bards, Chiefs, and Kings, (2) Songs of Europe, and (3) Kœmpe Viser, were announced as ‘ready for the Press’; whilst a fourth, Northern Skalds, Kings, and Earls, was noted as ‘unfinished.’
[0c] No doubt a considerable number of the Ballads prepared for the Songs of Scandinavia in 1829, and surviving in the Manuscripts of that date, were actually composed during the three previous years. The production of the complete series must have formed a substantial part of Borrow’s occupation during that “veiled period,” the mists surrounding which Mr. Shorter has so effectually dissipated.
[0d] “What you have written has given me great pleasure, as it holds out hope that I may be employed usefully to the Deity, to man, and to myself.”—[From Borrow’s letter to the Rev. J. Jowett.]
“Our Committee stumbled at an expression in your letter of yesterday . . . at which a humble Christian might not unreasonably take umbrage. It is where you speak of becoming ‘useful to the Deity, to man, and to yourself.’ Doubtless you meant the prospect of glorifying God.”—[From the Rev. J. Jowett’s reply.]
“The courier and myself came all the way without the slightest accident, my usual wonderful good fortune accompanying us.”—[From Borrow’s letter to the Rev. A. Brandram.]
“You narrate your perilous journey to Seville, and say at the beginning of the description ‘my usual wonderful good fortune accompanying us.’ This is a mode of speaking to which we are not accustomed, it savours of the profane.”—[From the Rev. A. Brandram’s reply.]
[12] In the majority of the extant copies of the book this List is not present.
[23] The name of the ship.
[85] These preliminary pages are misnumbered viii–xx, instead of vi–xviii.
[132] A reduced facsimile of the first page of the Manuscript of The King’s Wake will be found facing page 136.
[161] Facing the following page will be found a reduced facsimile of the first page of the Manuscript of Ingeborg’s Disguise.
[199] A reduced facsimile of the first page of the original Manuscript of Ingefred and Gudrune will be found facing page 200.
[268] The Manuscript of this poem is in the possession of Mr. J. A. Spoor, of Chicago, to whose courtesy I was indebted for the loan of it when editing the present pamphlet.
[291] Pages 296 and 297 are misnumbered 216 and 217.
[313] Y Cymmrodor, vol. xxii, 1910, pp. 160–170.
In the original book the facsimiles occupy a full page and do not carry a page number. In each the verso of the page is blank. In both cases the page counts towards the page number, which is why there are gaps in the page numbering.
The inset nature of the facsimiles also means that in the book they break the flow of the text and are sometimes not even in the section to which they belong. In the transcription they have usually been moved to the end of the section to which they belong. Their original page position is given by their filename (e.g. p304.jpg was originally on page 304).
On page 48 in the paragraph starting “Targum was written by Borrow”, the “but a small proportion” is as in the book, but should probably be “but only”, or “with”.
On page 87 the book has “One of these is now, in the possession . . .”
On page 136 the book has no full-stop at the end of “To the ears of the Queen in her bed it rang”.
On page 144 “Edition limited to Thirty Copies” has no closing quote.
On page 231 “Edition limited to Thirty Copies” has no closing quote.
On page 253 the full-stop is missing after “reproduced upon the front.”
On page 287 for “Freshly blew” the book has “Freshl blew”.
The original book also had an errata which has been applied. The original errors were:
On page 86 the paragraph beginning “Issued in dark blue cloth boards...” originally read:
Issued in dark blue cloth boards, with white paper back-labels, lettered “Borrow’s / Gypsies / of / Spain. / Two Volumes. / Vol. i. [Vol. ii.].” The leaves measure 7¾ × 4⅞ inches. The edition consisted of 3,000 Copies. The published price was 30s.
On page 297 the book read “which Lockhart in the exercise of his editorial”, “fully justified Lockhart’s action”.
***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS IN PROSE AND VERSE OF GEORGE HENRY BORROW***
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