The Project Gutenberg EBook of Úplná učebnice mezinárodní řeči dra. Esperanta, by František Vladimír Lorenc This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Úplná učebnice mezinárodní řeči dra. Esperanta Author: František Vladimír Lorenc Release Date: March 03, 2008 [EBook #24575] Language: Czech, Esperanto Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ÚPLNÁ UČEBNICE *** Produced by P. A. D.
Poněvadž vlasť člověku neposkytuje všeho, čeho mu třeba, jest mu jednati s lidmi národností jiných a znáti jazyk jejich. Každý však dobře ví, jaké námahy, píle a vytrvalosti a peněz nutno, by seznal důkladně řeč jednu, natož mnohé.
Proto juž přes 300 let pokoušeli se muži učení, aby sestavili mluvu, která neobyčejně jsouc snadna i hodíc se všem národům vzdělaným, usnadňovala by jejich styky; řeč, která známa by byla jim všem, nesáhajíc v život jejich soukromý.
Za nejzdařilejší pokus pokládají někteří Schleyerův volapük, který dosti značně je rozšířen. Avšak mnohé vady jeho brání, aby se stal skutečně řečí světovou. Schleyer totiž vymýšlel po chuti své tvary i slova, a výrazy jazyků národních přeměňoval tak, že s těží lze je poznati; na př.: advokát lavogel, figura füg, fysika füsüd, hotel loted, idea döl, kanál kanäd (kanal = umělec!), móda molad, oltář latab, pošta pot, růže lol…
Množství přehlásek, skupiny dl, tl, bs, gs, ms… a příliš dlouhá slova činí volapük těžkým a nelibozvukým; př.: dlänüb, eimatabömetobös, ovinditobödok…
Lepší daleko je mezinárodní řeč dra. Esperanta. Mluvnice její jest velmi jednoducha a pravidelna, slovník obsahuje výrazy z důležitějších řečí evropských, a pravidla tvořby slov zmenšujou počet základních asi na 900. Pro svou důležitosť, snadnosť a libozvučnosť „la lingvo internacia“ nalezla hojně přívrženců, jichž počet denně vzrůstá.
Nadějeme se, že knížka tato poslouží k poznání její a k oblibě i ve kruzích obecenstva našeho.
Fr. Vl. L.
Tial jam je pli multaj ol tricent jaroj sciviroj tentadis instrui lingvon, kiu estante tre facila kaj uzebla por chiaj popoloj civilizitaj, faciligus iliajn komunikighojn, ne premighante en ilian privatan vivon.
Iuj kredas, ke plej bona provo estas la de Schleyer volapük kiu estas vastigita nemalmulte. Sed multaj eraroj ghiaj ne lasas, ke ghi farighos vere la mondlingvo. Schleyer elpensis laŭ sia gusto formojn kaj vortojn, kaj shanghis esprimojn de nacilingvoj tiel, ke oni povas ekkoni ilin malfacile; ekzemple: advokato lavogel, figuro füg, fiziko füsüd, hotelo loted, ideo döl, kanalo kanäd (kanal = artisto!), modo molad, altaro latab, poshto pot, rozo lol…
Multego da sonoj ä, ö, ü, dl, tl, bs, gs, ms… kaj la longegaj vortoj faras volapükon malfacilan kaj malbelan; ekz.: dlänüb, eimatabömetobös, ovinditobödok…
Pli bona estas la lingvo internacia de dro. Esperanto. La gramatiko ghia estas tre simpla kaj regula, la vortaro enhavas la vortojn el la antaŭaj lingvoj de Eŭropo, kaj la reguloj por la kreado de l’ vortoj malgrandigas la nombron de la radikesprimoj sur preskaŭ naŭcent. Por sia graveco, facileco kaj bonsonec’ la lingvo internacia trovis multegon da amikoj, de kiuj la nombro en chiu tago kreskas.
Ni esperas, ke tia chi libreto helpos al la ekkono de ghi kaj al ghia placho ankaŭ en nia publiko.
Fr. Vl. L.
Ve množném čísle připíná se j (oj): amikoj (přátelé).
Přípona akkusativu je n, tedy: amikon = přítele, amikojn = přátely.
Genitiv opisuje se předložkou de, dativ al, instrumental per s nominativem. Zní tedy vzorec sklonby:
Př.: 1891 = (unu) mil okcent naŭdek unu.
Řadové přibírají a, násobné obla, zlomkové ono, hromadné ope; na př.: prvý = unua, dvojnásobný = duobla, třetina = triono, čtyřmo = kvarope.
Podílné opisujou se (j. v češt.) předložkou po: po pěti = po kvin.
Přípony časův a spůsobů:
Přechodníky:
a) činné:Trpný rod opisuje se, jako v češtině, slovesem esti = býti a přechodníkem trpným; na př.:
shi estas amata de chiuj = (ona) jest milována ode všech.
a) Předpony:
b) Přípony:
1. Patro nia.
Patro nia, kiu estas en la chielo! Sankta estu Via nomo! Venu regheco Via! Estu volo Via, kiel en la chielo, tiel ankaŭ sur la tero! Panon nian chiutagan donu al ni hodiaŭ! Kaj pardonu al ni shuldojn niajn, kiel ni ankaŭ pardonas al niaj shuldantoj! Ne konduku nin en tenton, sed liberigu nin de la malvera; char Via estas la regado, la forto kaj la gloro eterne. Amen.
2. Psalmo 117.
Laŭdu Sinjoron chiuj popoloj, glorigu Lin chiuj homoj! Char estas firmita super ni bonkoreco Lia, kaj la vero de Sinjor’ en eterne.
3. Joano 3, 16.
Tiel Dio amis la mondon, ke Li donis Sian Filon ununaskitan, ke chiu, kiu kredas je Li, ne perdata estas, sed ke havas la vivon eternan.
4. La plej bela beligajho.
Iam vizitis Kornelian, edzinon de glora Romano, grandestimata sinjorino. Kiam shi demandis je la beligajhoj de sia gastigantino, Kornelia alkondukis du siajn filojn, kiujn shi edukis zorge, kaj diris: „Jen miaj plej belaj beligajhoj!“
5. La richeco chiam daŭranta.
Richa achetisto demandita de regho je la grandeco de sia richeco, respondis: „Mi havas nur mil florintojn.“ La regho ne volis kredi. Tial la achetisto ekklarigis: „Mil florintojn mi donacis al ia malrichdomo, kaj tiu sum’ estas mia havo. La restan monon mian mi perdos per mia morto, sed tiu sumo apartenos al mi eterne.“
6. Du kokoj.
Du kokoj bataladis kune. La venkito kashis sin en angulo de l’ domo. Sed la venkinto ekflugis sur la tegmento, frapadis per la flugiloj kaj gloradis sian venkon. Lin vidis aglo, jhetis sin sur lin kaj disshiris lin.
7. La maljunulo kaj la morto.
Maljunulo, kiu portadis lignon, ekmalforta dekushigis la portajhon, kaj memorante al si chiujn suferojn de sia vivo, alvokadis la morton. Tiu chi ekshajnis kaj demandis je la kaŭzo de lia voko. — „Mi petas vin,“ la maljunulo respondis, „levu al mi la portajhon.“
Tiu chi fabulo montras, ke chiu, ankaŭ malfelicho, amas sian vivon.
8. Lupo kaj pastoro.
Pastoro perdis per malsaneco chiujn shafojn. Lupo sciinte tion, venis esprimi al li sian kompaton. „Pastoro, chu ghi estas vera, ke la tiel granda malfelicho farighis al vi? Mi aŭdis, ke chiuj shafoj viaj mortis. La karaj, piaj, grasaj shafoj! Mi bedaŭras vin tiom, ke mi plorus sangajn larmojn.“ „Mi dankas al vi, mia amiko,“ la pastoro respondis, „mi vidas, ke vi havas tre kompatan koron.“
„Tian li havas vere,“ aldiris la hundo de l’ pastoro, „se per malfelicho de alio li sam dolorighas.“
9. La libro de l’ naturo.
(Boleslav Jablonský.)
Estas unu granda libro,
kiun skribas, rektas Di’,
granda libro de l’ naturo
estas sankta nom’ de ghi.
Se vi havas sentan koron,
legu diligente ghin,
en literoj ghiaj lernu
koni Dion, mondon, sin.
Tradukis F. V. L.
10. Ho, mia kor’!
Ho, mia kor’, ne batu maltrankvile,
el mia brusto ne saltu for!
Jam teni min ne povas mi facile,
ho, mia kor’!
Ho, mia kor’! Post longa laborado
chu mi ne venkos en decida hor’!
Sufiche! trankvilighu de l’ batado,
ho, mia kor’!
Dro. Esperanto.
11. Kde domov můj?
(Bohema kanto nacia.)
Kie patruj’, mia patruj’?
Akvoj fluas tra floraroj,
montojn beligas arbaroj,
multa ghardenon frukter’;
tie paradiza ter’;
kaj ter’ tia, tiel bela
Bohemuj’, al mi patruj’.
Kie patruj’, mia patruj’?
Chu vi tiun teron konas,
kie kantoj chiam sonas,
kie sana la anim’,
kie sencoj sen la tim’?
De popol’ tiu la tero
Bohemuj’, al mi patruj’.
Tradukis F. V. L.
12. Laboro.
Né el malghója okúl’, sed el mán’ diligénta elíras hélpo en málfelichtémp’: chíon bonígas labór’.
13. La vero.
(Kollár.)
Tradukis F. V. L.
14. L’ azenoreloj.
Antaŭ longaj tempoj vivis en la Nigrachinujo, oriente de Indujo, regho Daibang, kiu havis unu filon; tiu chi regante neniam montris orelojn al homoj. Je chiu tago li volegis elkapti el la popolo belan junulon, kaj kiam tiu sam al li harojn ekkombis kaj barbon ekordigis, la regho lasis lin mortigi.
Tiel ghi farighis en multaj jaroj. Fine la sorto venis je filo de malricha patrino, kiun shi tre amis. Shi donis al li novan veston kaj farinte panerojn, al kiuj shi metis lakton de patrinbrusto, endonis ilin al lia brusto dirante: „Kiam vi kombados harojn de l’ regho, manghu daŭre paneron. Tiel plej certe vi estos savata de la morto.“
La junul’ iris al la regho. Kiam li al tiu chi harojn kombadis kun ora kombilo, li vidis, ke l’ oreloj de la regho estas similaj al la de azeno. Tial la regho mortigadis la junulojn, char li timadis, ke ili eldirus al la popolo tiun chi malbelecon. Laŭ la vortoj de la patrino la junulo manghis daŭre paneron. La regho vidinte lin demandis: „Kion vi manghas?“ La junulo respondis: „Panerojn da orizo.“ „Donu al mi!“ petis la regho. La junulo donis paneron al la regho, kiu manghis kaj diris: „L’ odoro kaj la gusto de ghi estas agrablaj; chu vi ne scias la kaŭzon?“ — „Mia patrino metis al ili propran lakton brustan kaj donis ilin al mi por la vojon,“ la demandito respondis.
La regho pensis: „Mi ne povas lin mortigi, char ni trinkis lakton de tiu sam patrino.“
Li diris al la junulo: „Mi ne mortigos vin; sed vi devas diri al neniu, nek al via patrino, kiaj estas miaj haroj.“ „Mi diros ghin al neniu,“ la junulo promesis kaj estis vivigata.
Oni miris, ke tiu junulo estis servata, kvankam chiuj alioj, kiuj antaŭe kaj poste la reghon kombadis, estis mortigataj; oni demandadis lin je la kaŭzo, sed li diris ghin al neniu. Sed ne povante nepensadi je sia sekreto, li ekmalsanighis. Kuraciloj ne helpadis, kaj la kuracisto diris: „Vi havas certe ian sekreton; tiun vi devas eldiri; alie vi ne eksanighos.“
La junulo certigis, ke li ne havas ian sekreton; kiam post mallonga tempo la patrino voladis ekscii tion saman, la filo diris al shi: „Mi havas sekreton, sed se mi eldirus, la regho punus min per morto.“ La patrino konsilis: „Iru en dezerton kaj diru ghin en okaza loko, ke neniu ghin aŭdus.“
La filo iris kaj ekmalkriis en truon de ia besto: „Nia regho havas azenajn orelojn.“ Post mallonga tempo li eksanighis.
Sed la vento kaptis liajn vortojn kaj alportis ghis orelojn de la regho. Tiu chi sendis por la junulo kaj diris al li severe: „Mi volegis, ke vi diros al neniu, kiaj estas miaj oreloj. Sed vi ne konservis la promeson.“
La junulo respondis: „Mi diris ghin al neniu. Sed kiam mi reiris de vi, mi ekmalsanighis; la kuracisto timigis min, ke mi mortos, se mi ne eldiros la sekreton, kiun mi certe tenas. La patrino konsilis al mi, eldiri ghin en dezerto; mi obeis kaj malkriis ghin en truon de ia besto; mi estis certa, ke neniu min aŭdis.“
La regho diris: „Mi aŭdis la vortojn de l’ vento alportitajn. Mi ne mortigos vin, se vi scias, kiel mi kashus miajn orelojn.“ — „Lasu fari al vi chapon kun orelkushajhoj kaj portadu ghin,“ la junulo konsilis; „chiuj, kiuj vin tiel vidos, certe farigos kaj portados similajn chapojn.“
La propono plachis al la regho. Li obeis kaj igis fari al si tian chapon. Chiuj ghin mirante rigardadis kaj laŭdadis. Neniu sciis, ke la regho havas azenajn orelojn, kaj la chapo farighis konata kaj uzata che chiuj.
La junul’ estis nomata ministro, kaj la regho chesis mortigi homojn. Tial la popolo amis lin.
Laŭ inde rakontas F. V. L.
Ĝi estas la unua presaĵo skribita en ĉeka (bohema) lingvo pri Esperanto!
________________
Je to první tisk v českém jazyce o Esperantu!
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